Genetic Component of Noise Sensitivity

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marja Heinonen-Guzejev ◽  
Heikki S. Vuorinen ◽  
Helena Mussalo-Rauhamaa ◽  
Kauko Heikkilä ◽  
Markku Koskenvuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Genetic Component ◽  
Noise Sensitivity ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
Genetic Modeling ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Age Range

AbstractWe investigated the genetic component of noise sensitivity using a twin-study design. The study sample consisted of 573 same-sexed twin pairs from the Finnish Twin Cohort. The 131 monozygotic (MZ) and 442 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs with an age range of 31 to 88 years replied to a questionnaire on noise and health-related items in 1988. The noise sensitivity of respondents was defined as high, quite high, quite low or low. MZ pairs were more similar with regards noise sensitivity than DZ pairs, and quantitative genetic modeling indicated significant familiality. The best z-fitting genetic model provided an estimate of heritability of 36% (95% CI = .20–.50) and when hearing impaired subjects were excluded this rose to 40% (95% CI = .24–.54). In conclusion, noise sensitivity does aggregate in families and probably has a genetic component.

Genetic and Environmental Etiologies of Adolescent Dysfunctional Attitudes: A Twin Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Chen ◽  
Xinying Li
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitudes ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitude ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adolescent Twins ◽  
Age Range

Despite the importance of dysfunctional attitudes in the development and maintenance of depression, little is known about the etiological origin of dysfunctional attitudes. The Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale for Children was administered to 674 adolescent twins derived from the Beijing Twin Study (BeTwiSt). Four hundred and thirty-nine monozygotic and 235 same-gender dizygotic twin pairs were included. Approximately 54% were females. The age range of the twins was 11–17 years. Model-fitting analyses were conducted. Biometric genetic model-fitting estimates indicated that additive genetic factors accounted for 31% (95% CI: 11%, 45%) of variance in adolescent dysfunctional attitude. The influence of shared environmental factors was small and negligible (9% [95% CI: 0%, 27%]). Non-shared environmental factors explained 60% (95% CI: 55%, 66%) of variance. Equating the estimate parameters across gender or age groups resulted in a non-significant difference of model fit, but there were trends suggesting higher heritability in females and older adolescents. Our results provide evidence for moderate heritability of dysfunctional attitudes in adolescents. Dysfunctional attitudes can be used as an endophenotype to identify risk genes for depression.

Determination of Spreading Motive Levels of Elite Hearing-impaired Sportsmen

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-55
Author(s):  
Osman Kusan ◽  
Hasan Erdem Mumcu ◽  
Abdulkerim Çeviker ◽  
Ömer Zambak ◽  
Onur Öztürk
Keyword(s):  
Educational Status ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Internal Motivation ◽  
National Team ◽  
Older Athletes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Age Range

This study was conducted to investigate the sub-scales of sports instructions of elite athletes with hearing impairment or hearing loss due to different reasons. A total of 173 hearing-impaired athletes constituted of 54 female and 119 male athletes who are active national team athletes in the age range of 15-25 years. The study was conducted based on Self Determination Theory of Deci and Ryan [9] and on the developed Sports Motivation Scale, Pelletier et al. [24] Kazak [18] applied the validity and reliability of the scale for Turkish athletes. Accordingly, since the p_values calculated for the inner motivation sub-scale and its sub-scales are less than the value of α = .05 which is taken as the level of significance, there is a statistically significant difference in the average scores of the hearing-impaired athletes in their internal motivations and sub-scales. According to gender and educational status, there was no difference in the motivation of the hearing-impaired athletes. According to the age variable, it was seen that older athletes had more external connections. Considering the general motivation scores, the athletes in tennis and swimming were less motivated than others. Elite hearing-impaired athletes are affected by both internal and external impulses. However, internal motivation scores are higher than the external. Internal motivation scores are seen as the lowest in the branch swimming area.

scholarly journals Cognitive Performance and Its Associations with Dental Caries: Results from the Dental, Oral, Medical Epidemiological (DOME) Records-Based Nationwide Study

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Itzhak Abramovitz ◽  
Avraham Zini ◽  
Matan Atzmoni ◽  
Ron Kedem ◽  
Dorit Zur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intelligence Score ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Age Range

Relatively few studies have analyzed the association between cognitive performance and dental status. This study aimed to analyze the association between cognitive performance and dental caries. Included were data from the dental, oral, medical epidemiological (DOME) study; cross-sectional records-based research, which integrated large socio-demographic, medical, and dental databases of a nationally representative sample of young to middle-aged military personnel (N = 131,927, mean age: 21.8 ± 5.9 years, age range: 18–50). The cognitive function of draftees is routinely measured at age 17 years using a battery of psychometric tests termed general intelligence score (GIS). The mean number of decayed teeth exhibited a gradient trend from the lowest (3.14 ± 3.58) to the highest GIS category (1.45 ± 2.19) (odds ratio (OR) lowest versus highest = 5.36 (5.06–5.68), p < 0.001). A similar trend was noted for the other dental parameters. The associations between GIS and decayed teeth persisted even after adjusting for socio-demographic parameters and health-related habits. The adjustments attenuated the OR but did not eliminate it (OR lowest versus highest = 3.75 (3.38–4.16)). The study demonstrates an association between cognitive performance and caries, independent of the socio-demographic and health-related habits that were analyzed. Better allocation of resources is recommended, focusing on populations with impaired cognitive performance in need of dental care.

scholarly journals PERAN POSYANDU DALAM PELAYANAN KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 058-070
Author(s):  
Erwina Susanti
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Study Design ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Health Care Coverage ◽  
Refresher Training ◽  
Elderly Health ◽  
The Right ◽  
Age Range

Elderly health care coverage in Public Health Jalan Gedang as much (81.92%)and the number of elderly as many as 686 people. Visit the elderly who come to posyanduranges from 41-53 people per month in 2016. The health center has two IHC GedangWay consists of IHC Elderly Elderly Serayu Mandiri and Posyandu Elderly Peace. IHChas five cadres and participants 44 people. Elderly Posyandu cadre of Peace has fivepeople, participants lansianya 50 people. IHC Elderly Peace has many achievements thanPosyandu Elderly Serayu Mandiri The study design used in this research is descriptivequalitative method. Informants in this study as many as 10 cadres and 1 officer in chargePosyandu program. The study design used in this research is descriptive qualitativemethod. Knowledge Posyandu Elderly Peace found that IHC Elderly for seniors 60 yearsand older age range and Posyandu Elderly Serayu Mandiri that Posyandu Elderly agerange of 40 years and above. Attitude Posyandu Elderly Peace mostly elderly support andintegrated support Serayu Mandiri attitude. Kader Posyandu Elderly Peace and PosyanduElderly Serayu Mandiri mostly not expect incentives. Kader Posyandu Elderly Peacemostly mentioned five systems the table properly and Posyandu Elderly Serayu Mandirino mention of five tables with the right system. Expected to conduct refresher training orvolunteers to knowledge about Posyandu cadres better, could improve the role in theservice of Posyandu.

Perennial grain crops: A synthesis of ecology and plant breeding

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.R. DeHaan ◽  
D.L. Van Tassel ◽  
T.S. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
Quantitative Genetic Model ◽  
Perennial Grain

AbstractPerennial grain crops would address many agricultural problems, including soil erosion, nutrient loss and pesticide contamination. Doubts about the possibility of perennial grain crops rest upon two assumptions: (1) that the relationship between yield and longevity is a fixed function that cannot be influenced by selection, mutation or environmental changes; and (2) that yield and longevity trade off in a bivariate manner to the exclusion of all other traits. These assumptions are consistent with the phenotypic trade-off model, but recent research suggests that a quantitative genetic model is a more appropriate approach to trade-offs. In the quantitative genetic model, environmental and genetic changes can result in increases in two traits simultaneously even when a trade-off, or negative correlation, exists between the two traits. Empirical evidence that the trade-off between perenniality and reproductive allocation is not fixed comes from wild, herbaceous perennials that can produce more than 2000 kg seed ha−1 in the temperate zone, and herbaceous perennial crops that produce on average 8900 kg fruit ha−1 in the tropics. Ecological literature suggests that most perennials produce small amounts of seed relative to their vegetative growth not as a physiological absolute, but rather as a result of natural selection in a stable, competitive environment favoring longevity. By selecting strongly for seed yield in a population of perennial plants, the plant breeder can likely achieve that which is rare in nature—a high seed-yielding perennial plant. The same general methodologies that have allowed annual grain breeders to increase grain yield and push many combinations of negatively correlated traits to levels of expression not seen in nature are available to the perennial grain breeder. Perennial grain breeders are integrating ecological principles and traditional plant breeding methods in their efforts to develop perennial grain wheat (Triticum spp.), sorghum (Sorghum spp.), sunflower (Helianthus spp.), Illinois bundleflower (Desmanthus illinoensis) and rice (Oryza spp.).

scholarly journals Food neophobia associates with poorer dietary quality, metabolic risk factors, and increased disease outcome risk in population-based cohorts in a metabolomics study

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heikki V Sarin ◽  
Nele Taba ◽  
Krista Fischer ◽  
Tonu Esko ◽  
Noora Kanerva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Disease Outcome ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Neophobia ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Age Range

ABSTRACT Background Food neophobia is considered a behavioral trait closely linked to adverse eating patterns and reduced dietary quality, which have been associated with increased risk of obesity and noncommunicable diseases. Objectives In a cross-sectional and prospective study, we examined how food neophobia is associated with dietary quality, health-related biomarkers, and disease outcome incidence in Finnish and Estonian adult populations. Methods The study was conducted based on subsamples of the Finnish DIetary, Lifestyle, and Genetic determinants of Obesity and Metabolic syndrome (DILGOM) cohort (n = 2982; age range: 25–74 y) and the Estonian Biobank cohort (n = 1109; age range: 18–83 y). The level of food neophobia was assessed using the Food Neophobia Scale, dietary quality was evaluated using the Baltic Sea Diet Score (BSDS), and biomarker profiles were determined using an NMR metabolomics platform. Disease outcome information was gathered from national health registries. Follow-up data on the NMR-based metabolomic profiles and disease outcomes were available in both populations. Results Food neophobia associated significantly (adjusted P < 0.05) with health-related biomarkers [e.g., ω-3 (n–3) fatty acids, citrate, α1-acid glycoprotein, HDL, and MUFA] in the Finnish DILGOM cohort. The significant negative association between the severity of food neophobia and ω-3 fatty acids was replicated in all cross-sectional analyses in the Finnish DILGOM and Estonian Biobank cohorts. Furthermore, food neophobia was associated with reduced dietary quality (BSDS: β: −0.03 ± 0.006; P = 8.04 × 10−5), increased fasting serum insulin (β: 0.004 ± 0.0013; P = 5.83 × 10−3), and increased risk of type 2 diabetes during the ∼8-y follow-up (HR: 1.018 ± 0.007; P = 0.01) in the DILGOM cohort. Conclusions In the Finnish and Estonian adult populations, food neophobia was associated with adverse alteration of health-related biomarkers and risk factors that have been associated with an increased risk of noncommunicable diseases. We also found that food neophobia associations with ω-3 fatty acids and associated metabolites are mediated through dietary quality independent of body weight.

scholarly journals Commutability Assessment of Potential Reference Materials Using a Multicenter Split-Patient-Sample Between-Field-Methods (Twin-Study) Design: Study within the Framework of the Dutch Project “Calibration 2000”

2002 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 1520-1525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henk Baadenhuijsen ◽  
Herman Steigstra ◽  
Christa Cobbaert ◽  
Aldy Kuypers ◽  
Cas Weykamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Reference Materials ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
Patient Sample ◽  
Serum Pool ◽  
Alternative Approach

Abstract Background: The Dutch project “Calibration 2000” aims at harmonization of laboratory results via calibration by development of commutable, matrix-based, secondary reference materials. An alternative approach to the NCCLS EP14 protocol for studying commutability of reference materials is presented, the “twin-study design”, which in essence is a multicenter, split-patient-sample, between-field-methods protocol. Methods: The study consisted of the simultaneous analysis of fresh patient sera and potential reference materials (PRMs) for HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) by 86 laboratories forming 43 laboratory couples. Six subgroups of method combinations were formed. The patient sera were selected and interchanged by each laboratory couple. The PRMs consisted of three types: C37, prepared according to the NCCLS C37 protocol; Fro, frozen selectively pooled human serum; and Lyo, which was the same serum pool as Fro but lyophilized in the presence of sucrose. All PRMs were provided in three HDL-C concentrations. The regression line residuals for the PRMs were normalized by expressing them as multiples of the state-of-the-art within laboratory SD (SDSA). In addition, the extra contribution of each PRM to the total measurement uncertainty, CVNetto, was calculated. Results: Averaged over the three PRM concentrations, 1.6% of the C37 residuals were outside the 3 SDSA limit. For the Fro and Lyo PRMs, these values were 2.4% and 11.1%. CVNetto values for C37, Fro, and Lyo were 2.9%, 4.3%, and 5.3%, respectively. Conclusions: The present twin-study design, as a practical alternative to the NCCLS EP14 protocol, is a viable way of studying commutability characteristics of PRMs. The study suggests that the C37 PRMs are the best candidates for a future reference material.

scholarly journals Language development of a group of hearing impaired children

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alida M.U. Laubscher
Keyword(s):  
Time Lag ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Developmental Trend ◽  
Hearing Level ◽  
Particle Displacement ◽  
Hearing Children ◽  
Verb Inflections ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Impaired Children ◽  
Hearing Impaired Children

Spoken samples of language from a group of ten hearing impaired children were analysed with respect to development of occurrence of verb tenses and verb inflections, the development of the kernel sentence and four transformations: conjunction, particle displacement, auxiliary "have" and pronoun. The language samples represented an age range of five—three to nine—seven years. The mean hearing level of the ten subjects, in the better ear was 76dB I.S.O. From the results obtained, general conclusions seem to emerge. Firstly, the earliest acquired verb tense is the present, followed by, or appearing concurrently with, the present progressive. Secondly, the kernel sentence is correctly used at an early age by some children. As age increases, so does the percentage of children using the kernel sentence. From approximately seven years of age, more transformations are used. The transformations conjunction and particle displacement indicated a clear developmental trend towards greater complexity. The conjunction and pronoun transformations were used by a greater percentage of children. The transformation auxiliary "have" appeared much later and less frequently. These developmental trends show strong similarities to the trends observed in normal hearing children by other investigators. There is, however, a time lag in that the hearing impaired children develop these features at a later age and over a longer period of time.

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