scholarly journals Investigations on the vaginal temperature, cycle stages, and steroid hormone concentrations during the breeding season in camels (Camelus dromedarius)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1102-1108
Author(s):  
Ragab H. Mohamed ◽  
Amal M. Abo El-Maaty ◽  
Rasha S. Mohamed ◽  
Axel Wehrend ◽  
Fatma Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Cycle ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Animal Reproduction ◽  
Follicular Waves ◽  
Release Device ◽  
Cyclic Changes ◽  
Vaginal Temperature

Background and Aim: Estrus detection plays a crucial role in the success of animal reproduction. It was previously reported that body temperature changes during estrus. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between vaginal temperatures (VTs) measured by a data logger, ovarian activity, and hormonal cyclic changes in camels. Materials and Methods: Six mature, healthy, non-pregnant dromedary, and 10-12-year-old camels were included in the study. The ovarian activity was monitored with ultrasonography, and estrus behavior was evaluated using an active and virile male camel. Animals were inserted with a blank controlled internal drug release device attached with an intravaginal data logger. Every hour, the ambient temperature was recorded by another data logger. Blood samples were collected, and sera were used to measure estradiol and progesterone levels. Results: The whole follicular cycle lasted 25.41±1.36 days, and the maximum sizes of the dominant follicle in the first and second follicular waves were 1.63±0.27 cm and 1.94±0.42 cm, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between the follicular diameter and estradiol-17β level (p<0.01, r=0.397). There was no correlation between the follicular diameter and progesterone level (p>0.05, r=0.038), which remained low during the whole period of the experiment. The mean daily VT was significantly correlated with the diameter of the dominant follicle (1.7-2.2 cm, p<0.01, r=0.52). Conclusion: Measurement of VT will improve the accuracy of estrus prediction. Further studies are recommended to validate VT in camel reproduction.

Measurement of pelvic blood flow changes in response to posture in normal subjects and in women with pelvic pain owing to congestion by using a thermal technique

1992 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Thomas ◽  
R. W. Stones ◽  
C. M. Farquhar ◽  
R. W. Beard
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pelvic Pain ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Venous Congestion ◽  
Axillary Temperature ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Thermal Technique ◽  
Vaginal Temperature ◽  
Pelvic Blood Flow

1. A method is described for studying pelvic blood flow in women by the indirect method of measuring vaginal temperature changes in response to a posture change. Ten women with chronic pelvic pain and venous congestion and 10 normal subjects were observed during posture changes over a 2 h period. 2. Vaginal temperature minus axillary temperature rose after subjects changed from the supine to the seated position, indicating a fall in the rate of pelvic blood flow. 3. A significantly greater variance in the rate of change in vaginal temperature minus axillary temperature was found in patients with pelvic venous congestion compared with control subjects (P> 0.005). 4. The findings are consistent with a disorder of blood flow regulation in women with pelvic pain owing to congestion.

175 FOLLICULAR DEVELOPMENT AND OVARIAN BLOOD FLOW IN MARES WITH EARLY OR LATE OVULATION POSTPARTUM

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
K. M. Lemes ◽  
L. A. Silva ◽  
E. C. C. Celeghini ◽  
M. A. Alonso ◽  
G. Pugliesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Vascular Perfusion ◽  
Early Postpartum ◽  
Linear Probe

The postpartum period is characterised by the rapid uterine involution process and return of ovarian activity (foal heat), resulting in a fertile oestrus in most of the mares. However, the follicular development and selection processes during this period are not completely known in horses. We aimed to study the characteristics of follicular growth and vascular perfusion in the ovary during the early postpartum period in mares that demonstrated oestrous behaviour and had early (<10 days) or late (≥10 days) ovulation. Ten mares were scanned daily from the first day postpartum (Day 1) until the day of the first postpartum ovulation (Day 0). The animals were split in the early (n = 3) and late (n = 7) ovulation groups (averaged interval between parturition and ovulation: 8.0 ± 0.0 and 14.7 ± 1.2 days, respectively). For ultrasound exams a Duplex B-mode and colour Doppler instrument (M5VET®, Mindray, Shenzhen, China) was used with a multifrequency linear probe. Data were analysed for the main effects of group, day, and their interaction using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS software (version 9.3, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). For the follicular growth, no difference (P > 0.05) was detected between the groups when the data were analysed for the days relative to ovulation (from Day 7 to Day 1). However, the dominant follicle was larger (P < 0.05) in the early-ovulated group (37.2 ± 1.6 v. 21.9 ± 1.1) in all days during early postpartum (Day 1 to Day 7). The number of follicles with >25 mm diameter was also greater (P < 0.05) in the early-ovulated group (1.1 ± 0.1 v. 0.1 ± 0.1) during the first 3 days postpartum. In addition, the late-ovulated mares showed greater number of follicles with 20–25 mm during Day 4 to Day 7 (2.0 ± 0.2 v. 0.7 ± 0.1). For the blood flow characteristics, no difference (P > 0.05) was detected in the coloured signals of blood flows in the follicular wall of the dominant follicle or in the ovarian pedicle ipsilateral to the largest follicle. Therefore, the characteristics of the follicle growth on the preceding days of ovulation were similar between the early- and late-ovulated mares and consistent with the follicular dynamics expected in non-pregnant and non-lactating mares. However, when the data were analysed for the days relative to parturition, a greater follicle development was present in mares that ovulate earlier during the postpartum period (<10 days). In conclusion, the results suggest that important events may occur previous to the parturition, resulting in an early follicle development, mainly in those mares that show heat signs and ovulate within 10 days postpartum. Research was supported by FAPESP process number 2010/10692-9 and CNPq process number 135954/2011-8.

Follicle dominance and ovarian asymmetry after luteectomy in rhesus monkeys

1982 ◽  
Vol 243 (4) ◽  
pp. E325-E331 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Goodman ◽  
M. J. Koering ◽  
W. E. Nixon ◽  
R. F. Williams ◽  
G. D. Hodgen
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Ovarian Cycle ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Lh Surge ◽  
Morphological Asymmetry ◽  
Cynomolgus Macaques ◽  
Follicle Selection ◽  
Midluteal Phase

Previous work demonstrated that asymmetrical ovarian activity accompanies morphological asymmetry during the ovarian cycle in rhesus and cynomolgus macaques. This study was designed to determine whether functional ovarian asymmetry could be used to detect the upcoming dominant follicle (DF) even before it was grossly visible. Revealing a latent DF in this manner would permit a better estimate of the time when dominance of the follicle selected to ovulate is attained. To accomplish this, rhesus monkeys were luteectomized at midluteal phase to synchronize subsequent follicle growth, and 4 or 8 days later either the ipsilateral or contralateral ovary was removed. Unilateral ablation at day 4 (when no DF is grossly apparent) of either ovary produced symmetrical responses: the interval from luteectomy (CLX) to the next luteinizing hormone (LH) surge was extended by about 4 days in both groups (P less than 0.01), i.e., from about 12.5 days to 16.7 +/- 1.6 and 17.0 +/- 1.5 days (mean +/- SE). In contrast, hemiovariectomy at day 8 produced markedly divergent asymmetrical responses. Removal of the ipsilateral ovary 8 days after CLX did not affect the timing of the next LH surge (13.2 +/- 0.6 days), which ordinarily occurs about 12.5 days after CLX alone. However, ablation of the contralateral ovary (bearing the next DF) on day 8 extended the interval from CLX to the next LH surge from about 12.5 to 26.6 +/- 1.3 days. These findings indicate that, during the normal ovarian cycle when menses occurs 2--4 days after luteolysis, the follicle destined to ovulate becomes dominant between the 2nd and 6th day and that attainment of dominance signals the completion of a follicle selection process that begins or resumes promptly after luteolysis.

Effect of the dominant follicle on regression of its subordinates in heifers

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Adams ◽  
K. Kot ◽  
C. A. Smith ◽  
O. J. Ginther
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Follicular Waves ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Small Follicle

The relationship between a dominant follicle of a follicular wave and the suppression of subordinate follicles was studied during the first postovulatory wave (Wave 1) in Holstein heifers. The dominant follicle (largest follicle) was cauterized or a sham-operation was done on day 3 (day 0 = ovulation) using seven heifers per group. In the cautery group, compared to the controls, the largest subordinate follicle attained a larger diameter (11 7 vs 8 0 mm; P < 0.01), reached maximum diameter at a later day (day 9.2 vs. day 3.1; P < 0 01) and began to regress at a later day (day 14.3 vs. day 5.7; P < 0.01). In addition, the emergence of Wave 2 was hastened (day 6.4 vs. day 9.3; P < 0.05) and more heifers had more than two waves per interovulatory interval (5 of 6 vs. 2 of 7; P < 0.05). In heifers with the dominant follicle eliminated, the largest subordinate grew to the diameter of a dominant follicle during Wave 1 (n = 3) or became the dominant follicle of a newly emerged wave (n = 2). A subordinate sometimes persisted as a small follicle (e.g., 5 mm) for several days before resurging. However, it was not convincingly demonstrated that a subordinate follicle could resurge after it had begun to regress (decrease in diameter). Results supported the hypothesis that suppression of subordinate follicles is a prolonged process, so that resurgence of a subordinate can occur if the dominant follicle is removed. Key words: Ovaries, follicular waves, selection, cattle, cauterization

Effect of dietary supplementation with fish oil during the transition period on milk production, plasma metabolites and postpartum anoestrus interval in grazing dairy cows

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 481 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mendoza ◽  
D. Crespi ◽  
A. Hernández ◽  
N. Roura ◽  
H. Valentín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Grazing Dairy Cows

Inclusion of fish oil (FO) in the diet of dairy cows could improve the energy status and milk yield and reduce the interval from calving to first postpartum ovulation, but the effects may differ depending on the specific period of supplementation. To test these hypotheses, 28 pregnant Holstein heifers were randomly assigned to four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial design: prepartum oral drench of FO (0 or 140 g/cow.day) for 21 days before calving, and/or postpartum oral drench of FO (0 or 190 g/cow.day) for 21 days after calving. Prepartum, heifers grazed in native pastures with supplements of wheat silage and wheat bran, while postpartum, cows grazed on improved pastures with addition of concentrates and corn silage. No interaction between prepartum and postpartum FO was detected for any variable analysed. Prepartum and postpartum total DM intake, milk yield, protein yield and percentage were not different among treatments. Milk fat percentage (3.83 versus 3.34 ± 0.10%) and yield (0.88 versus 0.73 ± 0.04 kg/day) decreased with postpartum FO but were not affected by prepartum FO. Prepartum and postpartum body condition score and plasma concentration of non-esterified fatty acids and cholesterol were not different among treatments, but urea concentration was higher in cows drenched with FO during prepartum (5.91 versus 4.64 ± 0.35 mM). Proportion of cows that ovulated the dominant follicle of the first postpartum wave and days to first postpartum ovulation, as determined by ovarian ultrasonography, were not affected by drenching with FO, but size of the dominant follicle in the first wave was decreased when FO was drenched only during the pre- or postpartum period compared with drenching in both periods. Dietary supplementation with FO during the postpartum period affected milk fat synthesis but more research is needed to establish its effects on resumption of ovarian activity in grazing dairy cows.

The effect of dynamic correlated colour temperature changes on alertness and performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1070-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ye ◽  
SQ Zheng ◽  
ML Wang ◽  
M Ronnier Luo
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Temperature Cycle ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Colour Temperature ◽  
Cycle Times ◽  
Circadian Phase ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Task

Light can have acute effects on human performance, including task performance, alertness and circadian phase shift. Most studies have investigated these effects using static light. This study investigates the effects of dynamic light with different cycle times and different ranges of correlated colour temperature on human alertness and task performance. Ten participants took part in the experiment using six conditions of dynamic light with each observing session lasting 4.5 hours. An electroencephelogram, measurements of critical flicker frequency, performance on various cognitive tasks and alertness and sleepiness questionnaires were used to evaluate the human responses. The results showed that participants appeared more alert and performed better under lighting of higher correlated colour temperature range but different correlated colour temperature cycle times had little effect.

scholarly journals Lack of FSH support enhances LIF–STAT3 signaling in granulosa cells of atretic follicles in cattle

Reproduction ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Freitas Ilha ◽  
Monique T Rovani ◽  
Bernardo G Gasperin ◽  
Alfredo Quites Antoniazzi ◽  
Paulo Bayard Dias Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Dominance Model ◽  
Follicular Waves ◽  
Stat3 Signaling ◽  
Interleukin 6 Receptor ◽  
Stat3 Signalling

Subordinate follicles (SFs) of bovine follicular waves undergo atresia due to declining FSH concentrations; however, the signalling mechanisms have not been fully deciphered. We used an FSH-induced co-dominance model to determine the effect of FSH on signalling pathways in granulosa cells of the second-largest follicles (SF in control cows and co-dominant follicle (co-DF2) in FSH-treated cows). The SF was smaller than DF in control cows while diameters of co-DF1 and co-DF2 in FSH-treated cows were similar. The presence of cleaved CASP3 protein confirmed that granulosa cells of SFs, but not of DFs and co-DFs, were apoptotic. To determine the effect of FSH on molecular characteristics of the second-largest follicles, we generated relative variables for the second largest follicle in each cow. For this, variables of SF or co-DF2 were divided by the variables of the largest follicle DF or co-DF1 in each cow. There was higher transcript abundance of MAPK1/3 and AKT1/2/3 but lower abundance of phosphorylated MAPK3/1 in SF than co-DF2 granulosa cells. Abundance of mRNA and phosphorylated protein of STAT3 was higher in granulosa cells of control SF than FSH-treated co-DF2. SF granulosa cells had higher levels of LIFR and IL6ST transcripts, the two receptors involved in STAT3 activation. Further, lower transcript abundance of interleukin 6 receptor (IL6R), another receptor involved in STAT3 activation, indicated that STAT3 activation in SF granulosa cells could be mainly due to leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) signalling. These results indicate that atresia due to lack of FSH is associated with activated LIF–STAT3 signalling in SF granulosa cells, as FSH treatment reversed such activation.

scholarly journals Siloxane treatment of metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors in temperature-cycled operation – sensitivity and selectivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-292
Author(s):  
Caroline Schultealbert ◽  
Iklim Uzun ◽  
Tobias Baur ◽  
Tilman Sauerwald ◽  
Andreas Schütze
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Temperature Cycle ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Sensitivity And Selectivity ◽  
Semiconductor Gas Sensors ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
Reducing Gases ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The impact of a hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) treatment on the response of doped SnO2 sensors is investigated for acetone, carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The sensor was operated in temperature cycles based on the DSR concept (differential surface reduction). According to this concept, the rate constants for the reduction and oxidation of the surface after fast temperature changes can be evaluated and used for quantification of reducing gases as well as quantification and compensation of sensor poisoning by siloxanes, which is shown in this work. Increasing HMDSO exposure reduces the rate constants and therefore the sensitivity of the sensor more and more for all processes. On the other hand, while the rate constants for acetone and carbon monoxide are reduced nearly to zero already for short treatments, the hydrogen sensitivity remains fairly stable, which greatly increases the selectivity. During repeated HMDSO treatment the quasistatic sensitivity, i.e. equilibrium sensitivity at one point during the temperature cycle, rises at first for all gases but then drops rapidly for acetone and carbon monoxide, which can also be explained by reduced rate constants for oxygen chemisorption on the sensor surface when considering the generation of surface charge.

scholarly journals Intensity level as sustainable energy: Analysis of the conversion of energy stored on cicadas sound waves

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-210
Author(s):  
Rofiqul Umam ◽  
Endah Kinarya Palupi ◽  
Khusnul Yakin ◽  
Mochamad Iqbal ◽  
Rahmat Nawi Siregar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Acoustic Power ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Time Variations ◽  
Level Meter

In this study, the researchers measured cicadas' sound waves, considering that cicadas are mostly found in rural areas. The intensity level meter (AMTAST AMF003) was used with time variations (9:00 JST; 12:00 JST; and 15:00 JST). Measurements of air temperature differences (Krisbow Temperature Humidity Data Logger) were also carried out, and weather conditions were also considered in data collection using satellite data from Himawari, Japan. The interpretation results of intensity level's trend measured at 3:00 pm JST were decreased concerning the changes in days. Meanwhile, the measurement at 09:00 am and 12:00 pm JST did not show a decrement concerning the changes in days (31 days in total). These results show that temperature changes (towards autumn) can affect the intensity level of sound waves. In addition, slightly different intensity levels can affect large changes in acoustic power or the produced sound.

172 P450 AROMATASE GENE EXPRESSION, ESTRADIOL PRODUCTION, AND DOMINANT FOLLICLE DEVIATION IN BOS TAURUS AND BOS INDICUS DAIRY HEIFERS

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
E. K. N. Arashiro ◽  
S. Wohlres-Viana ◽  
M. P. Palhao ◽  
L. S. A. Camargo ◽  
M. Henry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Aromatase Gene ◽  
P450 Aromatase ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Follicular Waves ◽  
Aromatase Gene Expression

It is well documented that the size of the dominant follicle at deviation is smaller in Bos indicus compared with in Bos taurus breeds. The physiological mechanisms underlying this difference, however, are unknown. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the dynamic of oestradiol production during follicle development close to the expected moment of deviation in Bos taurus and Bos indicus dairy heifers. Intrafollicular concentration of oestradiol (E2) and P450 aromatase gene expression in granulosa cells (GC) were evaluated in Gir (n = 10) and Holstein (n = 10) heifers. Follicular waves were synchronized with an intravaginal progesterone device (1 g, Sincrogest, Ourofino Agropecuária, São Paulo, Brazil) and benzoate oestradiol (2 mg im, Sincrodiol, Ourofino Agropecuária). Ultrasonography evaluations (MyLab30 Vet Gold, Esaote, Genova, Italy, with a 7.5-MHz transducer) were performed every 24 h to detect the emergence of the new follicular waves. The largest follicle of each wave was individually aspirated by ovum pickup before, at the expected diameter, or after deviation in both Gir (4.6 ± 0.2, 6.3 ± 0.2, and 8.5 ± 0.6 mm, respectively) and Holstein heifers (6.0 ± 0.5, 8.6 ± 0.4, and 10.2 ± 0.2 mm, respectively), as previously described (Arashiro et al. 2012 Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 24, 175). Follicular fluid (FF) samples were centrifuged and the supernatant stored at –20°C until E2 and progesterone (P4) determination by RIA. The pellet of GCs was washed twice with PBS, kept in RNAlater, and frozen at –20°C until RNA extraction and reverse transcription. Relative transcript quantification was performed by real-time PCR. The β-actin gene was used as control. Samples of FF with E2:P4 ratio <1 or presenting contamination by theca cells (detected by the expression of 17α-hydroxylase) were not used for statistical analyses. Concentration of E2 in FF was evaluated between breeds and among follicle size classes by ANOVA and differences among means compared by Student t-test or Tukey’s test, respectively. Within breeds, relative gene expression was accessed by pair-wise fixed reallocation randomization test (software REST®). Results are shown as mean ± SEM. In both breeds, concentration of E2 in FF progressively increased with follicular diameter (P < 0.05). Intrafollicular concentration of E2 (ng mL–1) was greater (P < 0.05) in Holstein than in Gir before (58.5 ± 11.7 v. 8.8 ± 2.0), at expected (226.0 ± 49.9 v. 78.9 ± 21.0), and after follicle deviation (579.1 ± 45.0 v. 185.0 ± 34.9). Interestingly, however, follicles with similar diameters (~6 or 8 mm) showed similar (P > 0.05) E2 concentrations between Holstein and Gir. Moreover, in both breeds, the relative expression of P450 aromatase gene in GC first increased (3.9 ± 2.4 and 67.5 ± 52.8 for Holstein and Gir, respectively; P < 0.05) at the same stage of follicular development (8 mm). The present results suggest that the smaller size of follicles at deviation in Bos indicus is not related to an earlier increase in intrafollicular E2 production. CNPq, CAPES, and Fapemig (CVZ APQ 02863/09).

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