scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw cow and goat milk produced in the Tiaret and Souk Ahras areas of Algeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 1929-1934
Author(s):  
Sofiane Tamendjari ◽  
Farida Afri Bouzebda ◽  
Lina Chaib ◽  
Hebib Aggad ◽  
Mohammed Ramdani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Adequate Treatment

Background and Aim: Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of infection in both humans and animals. Most livestock strains have shown antibiotic resistance to the many molecules used in veterinary therapeutics. This study aimed to assess the resistance patterns of these bacteria, we carried out our study in the Tiaret and Souk Ahras areas of Algeria. Materials and Methods: We collected 116 samples of bovine and goat milk to detect S. aureus. We used a selective media to isolate the strains, followed by biochemically identifying the isolates. We determined the susceptibility of the strains to antibiotic molecules using the disk diffusion method and confirmed the methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) with oxacillin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Results: Our results showed that 26.72% of the samples were contaminated with S. aureus, and we recovered 31 isolates from the positive samples. We ascribed a high resistance profile to penicillin G (96.77%), fusidic acid (67.74%), and tobramycin (45.16%) and isolated 4MRSA strains. Conclusion: The presence of S. aureus, including MRSA strains in raw milk, can present a public health hazard, because these strains can cause widespread food poisoning . This finding will be useful to the veterinarians to choose an adequate treatment and to sensitize livestock breeders and milk producers to ensure the health of consumers.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus in Patients Hospitalized in Imam Reza Hospital of Kermanshah, Iran (2016 - 2018)

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossein Zamanian ◽  
Marya Shirvani ◽  
Alireza Janbakhsh ◽  
Babak Sayad ◽  
Siavash Vaziri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Wide Range

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen, which often causes asymptomatic diseases. This bacterium could cause several disorders, ranging from skin infections to life-threatening diseases. S. aureus could also develop resistance to a wide range of antibiotics. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and pattern of antibiotic resistance in isolated S. aureus in Imam Reza Hospital of Kermanshah, Iran. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 2,228 patients with a positive S. aureus culture who were admitted to Imam Reza Hospital during 2016 - 2018. In accordance with the CLSI protocol, bacterial isolates were separated using laboratory tests, and antibiotic susceptibility was assessed using the standard disk-diffusion method. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 24. Results: Most of the S. aureus-positive cases were isolated from the emergency ward (43.7%), blood samples (40.1%), and urine samples (23.9%). The highest antibiotic resistance was observed against erythromycin, penicillin G, ofloxacin, cefoxitin, clindamycin, and piperacillin. With 93.3% and 81.8% sensitivity, vancomycin and teicoplanin were respectively the most effective antibiotics against S. aureus. Conclusions: According to the results, the prevalence of resistant S. aureus strains could be due to the long-term hospitalization of patients and the overuse of antibiotics in infection treatment. Therefore, proper monitoring and development of effective infection control methods are essential in these healthcare settings.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated from Hamburger Samples in Tehran and their Antibiotic Susceptibility

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negin Momtaz Bokharaei ◽  
Zahra Rajabi ◽  
MohammadMehdi Soltan Dallal
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Food Borne

Introduction:Staphylococcal food poisoning is one of the most common food-borne diseases. The antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus has been reported globally. Today, strains of Staphylococcus aureus in food have become a problem in clinical infections and are considerde as a serious public health concern. Methods: A total of 100 samples were tested in the laboratory; including 75 handmade and 25 industrial hamburger samples. The Staphylococcus aureus samples were isolated and identified according to the National Iranian Standard No. 6806-3. Antibiotic resistance was determined by disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration was performed. In this study, the antibiotics penicillin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, cefoxitin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, gentamicin, vancomycin, and oxacillin were used. Results: Of 100 analyzed hamburger samples, 39 samples were infected with Staphylococcus aureus (23 industrial and 16 ­ handmade samples). All isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (100%) were susceptible to gentamicin and vancomycin antibiotics. Conclusions: Due to the importance of Staphylococcus aureus, as the supergene antigen and its role in causing food poisoning, contamination of foodstuffs with Staphylococcus aureus can threaten the consumers' health.

Prevalence, Antibiogram, and cdt Genes of Toxigenic Campylobacter jejuni in Salad Style Vegetables (Ulam) at Farms and Retail Outlets in Terengganu

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHD IKHSAN KHALID ◽  
JOHN YEW HUAT TANG ◽  
NABILA HUDA BAHARUDDIN ◽  
NASIHA SHAKINA RAHMAN ◽  
NURUL FAIZZAH RAHIMI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Cytolethal Distending Toxin ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Pcr Method

The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and antibiotic resistance among Campylobacter jejuni in ulam at farms and retail outlets located in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. A total of 526 samples (ulam, soil, and fertilizer) were investigated for the presence of C. jejuni and the gene for cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) by using a multiplex PCR method. Antibiotic susceptibility to 10 types of antibiotics was determined using the disk diffusion method for 33 C. jejuni isolates. The average prevalence of contaminated samples from farms, wet markets, and supermarkets was 35.29, 52.66, and 69.88%, respectively. The cdt gene was not detected in 24 of the 33 C. jejuni isolates, but 9 isolates harbored cdtC. Antibiotic resistance in C. jejuni isolates was highest to penicillin G (96.97% of isolates) followed by vancomycin (87.88%), ampicillin (75.76%), erythromycin (60.61%), tetracycline (9.09%), amikacin (6.06%), and norfloxacin (3.03%); none of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and gentamicin. In this study, C. jejuni was present in ulam, and some isolates were highly resistant to some antibiotics but not to quinolones. Thus, appropriate attention and measures are required to prevent C. jejuni contamination on farms and at retail outlets.

Evaluation of antibiotic resistance pattern and mecA gene frequency in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains collected from clinical specimens in Marand hospital and treatment centers, Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abolfazl Jafari-Sales ◽  
Zahra Sadeghi Deylamdeh ◽  
Afsoon Shariat
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Wide Range

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus causes a wide range of infections and as a multivalent pathogen is one of the causative agents of nosocomial and community infections. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify and determine the pattern of antibiotic resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from patients in hospitals and medical centers in Marand city and also to evaluate the presence of mecA gene. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 385 samples of S. aureus were collected from different clinical samples of patients in hospitals and medical centers of Marand city. S. aureus was identified using standard biochemical methods.  Methicillin resistance was determined by disk diffusion method in the presence of oxacillin and cefoxitin. The pattern of antibiotic resistance of the strains was determined by disk diffusion method and according to CLSI recommendation and also PCR method was used to evaluate the frequency of MecA gene. Results: In the present study, out of 385 samples of S. aureus, 215 (55.84%) samples were methicillin resistant. PCR results for mecA gene showed that 110 samples had mecA gene.  The highest antibiotic resistance was observed against penicillin (100%) and erythromycin (83.63%). Most MRSA were isolated from urine and wound samples. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the prevalence of methicillin-resistant species and also the increase in antibiotic resistance of MRSA to various antibiotics.  Therefore, in order to prevent increased resistance to other antibiotics, it is recommended to avoid inappropriate use of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Surveillance of Antibiotic Resistance of Maltose-Negative Staphylococcus aureus in South African Dairy Herds

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 616
Author(s):  
Joanne Karzis ◽  
Inge-Marié Petzer ◽  
Edward F. Donkin ◽  
Vinny Naidoo ◽  
Eric M.C. Etter
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
South African ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Aureus Strain ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Milk Samples

Antibiotic resistance has been reported since the 1940s in both human and veterinary medicine. Many years of monitoring milk samples in South Africa led to identification of a novel maltose-negative Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strain, which appears to be an emerging pathogen. In this study, the susceptibility of this strain to antibiotics was evaluated over time, during diverse seasons in various provinces and according to somatic cell count (SCC) categories. A data set of 271 maltose-negative S. aureus isolates, from milk samples of 117 dairy herds, was examined using the disk diffusion method, between 2010 and 2017. This study also compared the susceptibility testing of 57 maltose-negative and 57 maltose-positive S. aureus isolated from 38 farms, from three provinces using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The MIC results for the maltose-negative S. aureus isolates showed highest resistance to ampicillin (100%) and penicillin (47.4) and lowest resistance (1.8%) to azithromycin, ciprofloxacin and erythromycin. The maltose-negative S. aureus isolates showed overall significantly increased antibiotic resistance compared to the maltose-positive strains, as well as multidrug resistance. Producers and veterinarians should consider probability of cure of such organisms (seemingly non-chronic) when adapting management and treatment, preventing unnecessary culling.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae in surgical practice and laboratory dog husbandry room environments at Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-ok Veterinary Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-276
Author(s):  
Kulchai Nakbubpa ◽  
◽  
Kunyavee phattanakitjumroon ◽  
Thitichaya Chukiatsiri ◽  
Krittamet Rommaneeyachitto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Surgical Practice ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Secondary Infections

Klebsiella pneumoniae is commonly found in environments, causing secondary infections in both human and animals, as well as antibiotic resistance problem. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of K. pneumoniae contaminated in the environments of surgical practice and laboratory dog husbandry rooms at Animal hospital, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-ok during 2019 - 2020. Two-hundred-swabbed samples were collected from these nearby environments and laboratory dogs themselves. Then, all samples were tested for K. pneumoniae and antibiotic susceptibility using disk diffusion method. From the results, the total prevalence was 3.5% and the high frequencies were found in three categories: laboratory dogs (35.7%), veterinarian belongings (3.3%) and building structure (2.5%). The antibiotic resistance was also detected including Cephalexin, Ceftazidime and Penicillin G (100%), Gentamicin and Colistin (85.71%), Amikacin (42.86%), and Ciprofloxacin (14.29%). Owning to the fact that laboratory dogs exposed to an external environment leading to bacterial contamination into themself and the husbandry room. Therefore, the hygiene of laboratory dogs and area in husbandry room should be primarily considered. Our study would be the preliminary baseline for the study of antibiotic resistant K. pneumoniae contamination in dogs, human, and their environments.

scholarly journals Antibiotics Resistance, Sensitivity Pattern and Development of Antibiogram to Support Empirical Prescription in Health Facilities in South Senatorial District of Kwara State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Joseph Gbenga Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Empirical Treatment ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Type ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

A major concern in public health is Antibiotic resistance among pathogenic microorganisms. There are several organisms developing resistance to commonly used antibiotics in different locations and time. This study assessed patterns of antibiotic resistance in line with the WHO classification of antibiotics. A cross-sectional study was carried out from September 2020 to January 2021 in 4 randomly selected hospitals. Of all 442 patients recruited for this study, twenty-seven percent (122) were randomly selected for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing using the modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, and SPSS version 23 was used for analysis. The most predominant isolate was Staphylococcus aureus. Resistance by Staphylococcus aureus was noted against Amoxicillin, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole, Amoxicillin clavulanic acid, Gentamicin, and Cefuroxime. Resistance by E. coli against Chloramphenicol 80%, cefuroxime 100%, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole 83.3%, Resistance by Klebsiella spp; against Ampicillin Second and third-generation cephalosporin and Gentamicin 100%. Resistance by Streptococcus spp; Ampicillin 100% and Ampicillin cloxacillin 100%, cefuroxime 100%, and Ciprofloxacin 100%. Ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were active against Salmonella species, Pseudomonas species, klebsiella, and Escherichia coli. Azithromycin, imipenem, and meropenem with high susceptibility to local bacterial isolates sample tested. The access group antibiotics showed a low susceptibility rate to local bacteria isolate with increase resistance to the watch group. Antibiogram was developed to guide empirical treatment type that is predominant in the district. Most bacteria isolated from health facilities in Kwara South were resistant to the access group. The resistance to watch a group of WHO antibiotics classification is building very fast. Keywords: Antibiotic Resistance, Empirical Treatment, Susceptible.

scholarly journals Antibiotics Resistance Pattern of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated From In-patients of an Orthopaedic Hospital in North-Western Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 160-166
Author(s):  
Dominic Agbo Oche ◽  
Paul Ifeleke Oyegoke ◽  
Maryloveth Oluchukwu Akpudo ◽  
Busayo Olalekan Olayinka
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Orthopaedic Hospital

Background and aims: Staphylococcus aureus, an important pathogen in bone diseases, is a highly multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterium. This study aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance among S. aureus isolated from patients on admission in an orthopaedic hospital. Methods: In this cross-sectional research, 140 samples comprising urine samples, wound swabs, and nasal swabs were collected from 49 patients on admission. Samples were cultured and screened for S. aureus following standard procedures. Using the agar-disk diffusion method, the isolates were subjected to antibiotics susceptibility tests. Results: S. aureus were isolated from 26 (18.6%) samples, and wound swabs were found to have the highest number of the S. aureus isolates with 12 (46.2%). Among the 26 S. aureus isolated, 25 (96.2%) isolates were resistant to at least four or more of the tested antibiotics. There were 23 (88.5%) MDR isolates, while there were only 2 (7.6%) extensively drug resistant ones. The number of methicillin-resistant S. aureus were 17 (65.4% of the isolates), while the number of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus were 9 (34.6% of the isolates). A total of 22 (84.6%) isolates had multi-antibiotic resistance (MAR) index greater than 0.2. Inducible clindamycin resistance of 2 (7.6%) was observed. Conclusion: This study showed that the S. aureus isolated from the patients were resistant to multiple antibiotics. Regular surveillance of antibiotic resistance is of utmost importance, since it facilitates the design or development of the treatment regimens that could check the spread of antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Epidemiological study of sausage in Algeria: Prevalence, quality assessment, and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolates and the risk factors associated with consumer habits affecting foodborne poisoning

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1240-1250
Author(s):  
Amina Hachemi ◽  
Safia Zenia ◽  
Mohamed Fatih Denia ◽  
Meryem Guessoum ◽  
Mohamed Mehdi Hachemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Chi Square

Aim: The first aim was to assess the quality and determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus contamination of raw sausage sold in ten municipalities in the Northeast of Algeria. Second, a consumer sausage purchasing survey was designed to investigate potential risk factors that have a significant association with the occurrence of foodborne poisoning among sausage consumers' behavior and its relationship with independent variables. Materials and Methods: A total of 230 butcheries from ten departments (Daira) of Algiers with more than 40 municipalities were included randomly in these studies to collect raw sausage samples and to distribute 700 structured questionnaires to meat consumers. Our two studies were conducted at the same time, between June 2016 and April 2018. Sausage samples were taken once per butchery to estimate the prevalence of S. aureus contamination and therefore deduct the quality assessment of raw sausage (Merguez) sold in Algiers, Algeria. All isolated strains were tested for their antimicrobial resistance. Furthermore, questionnaires were distributed and used to collect information on various aspects of sausage consumption and foodborne disease. The data collected were analyzed with different statistical approaches, such as the Chi-square test and the odds ratio (OR) univariable logistic model. All the risk factors were analyzed by studying their association with the occurrence of consumers who claimed to have food poisoning after consuming sausage. Results: The overall prevalence of S. aureus contamination from sausages was 25.22% (n=58/230). Over 83.33% of strains showed resistance to at least one of the antibiotics tested. The most important was for tetracycline (58%) followed by fosfomycin (33%), penicillin G (25%), and oxacillin (36%). Moreover, the multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index include 20 profiles with MAR >0.2. Out of the 440 meat consumers, 22.16% revealed having food poisoning after sausage consumption. The risk factors recorded were: Consumption outside of home (24.30%, OR=1.769, p=0.040), during the summer season (24.30%, OR=1.159) and during lunch (26.50%, OR=1.421). Conclusion: Our study highlights a high prevalence of S. aureus contamination in Merguez, especially in some departments of Algiers, and the high multidrug resistance of S. aureus isolates against tetracycline and oxacillin; thus, S. aureus contamination in sausage is considered a potential risk to public health. Therefore, to reduce and prevent the spread of resistant strains, robust management and monitoring of antibiotic use should be established. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the sanitation conditions and education regarding personal hygiene and change certain consumption habits of Algerian consumers to ensure food safety. Finally, it can be concluded that the application of the HACCP system is essential either in butcheries producing sausage and/or slaughterhouses. From this perspective, studies might be performed to characterize Staphylococcus spp. and S. aureus to investigate their virulence factors. Keywords: consumers, quality assessment, risk factors, sausages, Staphylococcus aureus.

scholarly journals Profile of antibiotic-resistant and presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from nasal swab of dogs from several animal clinics in Surabaya, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-94
Author(s):  
Vega Decline ◽  
Mustofa Helmi Effendi ◽  
Reina Puspita Rahmaniar ◽  
Sheila Marty Yanestria ◽  
Nenny Harijani
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Oxacillin Resistance

Aim: The research was to investigate the antibiotic resistance profile and to screen for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from nasal mucosa swab of dogs. Materials and Methods: The samples were collected from three pet clinics, three K9 units, one veterinary teaching hospital, and one kennel in Surabaya. Of the 50 total samples, 24 confirmed S. aureus strains, which were used for antibiotic sensitivity tests using a disk diffusion method and screening of MRSA used oxacillin resistance screening for base (ORSAB). Results: This study showed that there were differences in antibiotic resistance patterns among different locations. Fourteen isolates were screened for MRSA by culture on ORSAB. Conclusion: MRSA carriage was found on nasal swab of dogs, and dogs can act as reservoir of MRSA for spreading to human health. Keywords: antibiotic-resistant, dogs, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus aureus.

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