scholarly journals THE OCCURENCE & DISTRIBUTION OF TWO BLACK SEA CUCUMBER SPECIES IN POMBO ISLAND, CENTRAL MALUKU (INDONESIA)

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-63
Author(s):  
Ana Setyastuti
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Local Community ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Holothuria Atra

The so called “black sea cucumber” are found in Indonesia as several species including Holothuria atra, H. leucospilota, H. coluber, H. excellens and H. turriscelsa. The local community of Wainure village near Pombo Island in central Maluku had reported that most sea cucumbers inhabiting the island are the black sea cucumbers or locally known as “teripang hitam.” They are occasionally consumed but not exploited excessively by the locals. The goals of this study are to identify the species of black sea cucumbers inhabiting Pombo Island and map their distribution to understand the microhabitats of black sea cucumber. Two field surveys conducted in March and April 2014 collected more than 550 individuals of black sea cucumbers that belong to two species Holothuria (Halodeima) atra Jaeger, 1833, and Holothuria (Mertensiothuria) leucospilota Brandt, 1835. Furthermore, distribution maps of these two species show that they are found only along the SE to SW coast of the island. Such distribution may relate to the availability of marine vegetation, as well as boulders and stones that provide shelters to the organism. The distribution maps also show that H. atra has a wider distribution than H. leucospilota in Pombo Island. This may be due to the semi-cryptic habit of H. Leucospilota’s (i.e. hiding its posterior body under rocks or crevices), making its distribution restricted to areas that provide ample shelters.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN PANJANG BERAT DAN FAKTOR KONDISI TERIPANG HITAM (Holothuria atra) DI KAWASAN TAMAN NASIONAL LAUT KARIMUNJAWA Length-Weight Relationship and Condition Factor of Black Sea Cucumber (Holothuria atra) in Karimunjawa National Marine Park Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-336
Author(s):  
Citraningrum Mawa Panuluh ◽  
Bambang Sulardiono ◽  
Nurul Latifah
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Relationship Length ◽  
Weight Condition ◽  
Holothuria Atra

Teripang Hitam (H. atra) merupakan jenis biota laut yang memiliki nilai ekologis dan ekonomis di perairan Taman Nasional Laut Karimunjawa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis hubungan panjang berat, faktor kondisi dan analisis perbedaan antara Holothuria atra(teripang hitam) yang hidup di zona perairan budidaya dan wisata dengan yang hidup di zona rehabilitasi. Pengambilan sampel teripang dilakukan pada siang hari di 3 stasiun zona budidaya dan wisata yaitu Menjangan Kecil, Menjangan Besar dan perairan sekitar Wisma Apung serta 1 stasiun zona rehabilitasi yaitu di Perairan Alang-alang. Pengamatan sampel teripang dilakukan secara sensus. Total sampel yang diperoleh di Alang-alang sebanyak 30 individu dengan kisaran panjang 13-43 cm, berat 49-514 g, Sampel di Menjangan kecil sebanyak 17 individu dengan kisaran panjang 9-26 cm, berat 20-260 g, sampel Menjangan Besar sebanyak 5 individu kisaran panjang 16-23 cm berat 66-193 g dan sampel di perairan sekitar Wisma Apung sebanyak 17 sampel kisaran panjang 14-28 cm berat 23-260 g. Pertumbuhan teripang di masing-masing perairan menunjukkan pola pertumbuhan allometrik negatif yang artinya penambahan panjang lebih cepat daripada penambahan bobot. Nilai faktor kondisi Fulton teripang hitam di Alang-alang 1,34, Menjangan Kecil 1,91, Menjangan Besar 1,89, serta perairan sekitar Wisma Apung 1,37, menunjukkan teripang hitam di perairan yang banyak pengunjung lebih gemuk daripada teripang hitam di Alang-alang yang sepi pengunjung, serta faktor kondisi berat relatif alang-alang 104,27, Menjangan Kecil 104,25, Menjangan Besar 105,59 dan Wisma Apung 108,22 masing-masing perairan semua diatas 100 menunjukkan perairan tersebut menyediakan surplus makanan yang cukup.  Black Sea Cucumber (H. atra) is a type of marine biota that has ecological and economic value in the waters of the Karimunjawa Marine National Park. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship length-weight, condition factor and analysis of differences between Holothuria atra (black sea cucumbers) that live in cultivation and tourism zones and those that live in rehabilitation zones. Sea cucumber sampling is conducted at noon in 3 stations of the cultivation and tourism zones, namely Menjangan Kecil, Menjangan Besar and the waters around Wisma Apung and 1 rehabilitation zone station in Alang-alang. Observation of sea cucumber samples is done by census. Total samples obtained in Alang-alang were 30 individuals with a range of length 13-43 cm, weight 49-514 g, sampel in Menjangan Kecil were 17 individuals with a range of length 9-26 cm, weight 20-260 g, sampel in Menjangan Besar were 5 individuals with a range of length 16-23 cm, weight 66-193 g, and last sampel in waters around Wisma Apung were 17 individuals with a range of length 14-28 cm weight 23-260 g. The growth of sea cucumbers in each waters shows a negative allometric growth pattern which means that the addition of the length is faster than the addition of the weight. Fulton’s condition factor values of black sea cucumber in Alang-alang 1.34, Menjangan Kecil 1.91, Menjangan Besar 1.89, and waters around Wisma Apung 1.37, shows that black sea cucumbers in the waters that many visitors are fatter than black sea cucumbers in the Alang-alang which deserted visitors, and the relative weight condition factors of Alang-alang 104.27, Menjangan Kecil 104.25, Menjangan Besar 105.59 and Wisma Apung 108.22 each of the waters above 100 indicates that these waters provide sufficient food surplus.

scholarly journals Black sea cucumber (Holothuria atra Jaeger, 1833) rescues Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected Caenorhabditis elegans via reduction of pathogen virulence factors and enhancement of host immunity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Ting Lee ◽  
Boon-Khai Tan ◽  
Su-Anne Eng ◽  
Gan Chee Yuen ◽  
Kit Lam Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Indole Alkaloid ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Pathogen Virulence ◽  
Holothuria Atra

AbstractA strategy to circumvent the problem of multidrug resistant pathogen is consumption of functional food rich in anti-infectives targeting bacterial virulence or host immunity. The black sea cucumber (Holothuria atra) is a tropical marine sea cucumer species traditionally consumed as remedy for many ailments. There is a paucity of knowledge the anti-infectives capacity of H. atra and the underlying mechanisms involved. The objectives of this study were to utilize the Caenorhabditis elegans-P. aeruginosa infection model to assess the anti-infective properties of H. atra. We first showed the capacity of a H. atra extract and fraction in promoting survival of C. elegans during a customarily lethal P. aeruginosa infection. The same chemical entities also attenuate the production of several P. aeruginosa virulence factors and biofilm. Treatment of infected transgenic lys-7::GFP worms with H. atra fraction restored the repressed expression of lys-7, a defense enzyme, indicating improved host immunity. QTOF-LCMS analysis revealed the presence of aspidospermatidine, an indole alkaloid and inosine. Collectively, our finding shows that H. atra confers survival advantage in C. elegans against P. aeruginosa infection through inhibition of pathogen virulence and eventually, the restitution of host lys-7 expression.

A triterpene glycoside from the black sea cucumber Holothuria atra

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
YE Puspitasari ◽  
E Tuenter ◽  
K Foubert ◽  
L Pieters ◽  
T De Bruyne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Triterpene Glycoside ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Holothuria Atra

scholarly journals Multi-Criteria Analysis of the Mass Tourism Management Model Related to the Impact on the Local Community in Constanta City (Romania)

Inventions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Catalin Anton ◽  
Angela-Eliza Micu ◽  
Eugen Rusu
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Management Model ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Mass Tourism ◽  
Tourism Management ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Traditionally and socially, the tourism in Constanta is considered to be important to the local economy. Sun and beach locations are both a draw for locals and tourists to the city, on the Black Sea. However, vacation-oriented activities in the city only have a seasonal cycle. In this paper, we proposed to analyze the mass tourist activity in Constanta, taking into account economic, social, and environmental conditions. Additionally, we attempted to build a model based on the data available. The model was developed using a PESTEL analysis to determine the supportability factor of the indicators identified. We also set out to create a projection of the activities proposed for analysis by 2050. To create a model for coastal areas, the data used in this research must be accurate and consistent. Furthermore, correctly identifying indicators and their relationships is a critical step in conducting a thorough study. Last but not least, finding the calculation coefficient for the activity in question is critical, as collecting data from various activities might be challenging when trying to find a feasible model.

scholarly journals Isolation of sea cucumbers’s (Holothuria atra) secondary metabolite using column-chromatography technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 869 (1) ◽  
pp. 012010
Author(s):  
S Agustina ◽  
S Bella ◽  
S Karina ◽  
I Irwan ◽  
M Ulfah
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Marine Chemistry ◽  
Holothuria Atra ◽  
Metabolite Content

Abstract Identification of sea cucumbers from Benteng Inong Balee, Aceh Besar and their phytochemistry screening were conducted in December 2020 to January 2021 at Laboratory of Marine Chemistry and Fisheries Biotechnology, Universitas Syiah Kuala. The purpose of this study was to identify the species of sea cucumbers and its secondary metabolite content using phytochemistry screening and column chromatography. The species of sea cucumbers that were identified was Holothuria atra. The extraction method used in sea cucumber extraction was maceration method, while the separation of secondary metabolites used column-chromatography with eluent of n-hexane : ethyl acetate (8:4). The results showed that secondary metabolites obtained from phytochemical tests were flavonoids, saponins and triterpenoids.

scholarly journals Black sea cucumber (Holothuria atra Jaeger, 1833) rescues Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected Caenorhabditis elegans via reduction of pathogen virulence factors and enhancement of host immunity

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 5759-5767
Author(s):  
Wan-Ting Lee ◽  
Boon-Khai Tan ◽  
Su-Anne Eng ◽  
Gan Chee Yuen ◽  
Kit Lam Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Bacterial Virulence ◽  
Pathogen Virulence ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Pathogens ◽  
Holothuria Atra

A strategy to circumvent the problem of multidrug resistant pathogens is the discovery of anti-infectives targeting bacterial virulence or host immunity.

Comparative study of antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of saponin extracted from six Egyptian sea-cucumber species, licorice, and ginseng

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samia H. Eissa ◽  
Hoda K. Salem ◽  
Nahla E. Omran ◽  
Amal M. Kabbash ◽  
Wesam H. Amer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumanii ◽  
Ginseng Extract ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Licorice Extract ◽  
Holothuria Atra ◽  
Mcf 7

Background: The study aimed to compare the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of saponin extracted from six sea-cucumber species, licorice, and ginseng to determine the most potent one. Methods: Antimicrobial activity assessed by well diffusion and agar dilution methods. The inhibitory effects of the tested extracts on cell growth of Liver (HePG-2) and breast (MCF-7) cell lines assessed by MTT [3- (4, 5- dimethyl thiazol-2yl) - 2, 5- diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay. Results: The results revealed that licorice extract presented higher antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacterial strains than sea-cucumber extracts; but has comparable results for Gram-negative (Salmonella tyhimurium, Klebsiella spp, and Acinetobacter baumanii). Holothuria atra body wall and Bohadschia tubules have the highest antifungal effect against Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida famata, Candida glabrata, and Candida tropicalis. Sea-cucumbers are more potent against fungal strains than licorice and ginseng extract. Licorice and ginseng presented higher cytotoxicity against HePG2 and MCF-7 cell lines than sea-cucumbers. Conclusion: This study promotes the use of licorice extract as a better antibacterial substance than sea-cucumber extracts, however the use of sea-cucumber extracts as antifungal agents than herbal extracts. Also, we support the utilization of licorice and ginseng as a cytotoxic agent instead of sea-cucumbers to stop the fishing of animals and consequently save it from extinction.

scholarly journals Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Kandungan Total Fenolik Pada Teripang di Perairan Karimunjawa, Jepara

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-354
Author(s):  
Yolanda Avigail ◽  
Ervia Yudiati ◽  
Delianis Pringgenies
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Holothuria Atra

Teripang merupakan hewan jenis Echinodermata. Beberapa species teripang, misalnya H. scabra, H. fuscogilva dan T. ananas memiliki nilai jual yang tinggi. Meskipun tidak semua spesies memiliki nilai jual yang tinggi, teripang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan dalam bidang kesehatan, terutama dalam kemampuannya untuk meredam radikal bebas dan mencegah berbagai penyakit degeneratif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengidentifikasi, menentukan aktivitas antioksidan, kandungan total fenol, serta kadar karotenoid pada ekstrak beberapa teripang yang berasal dari Perairan Karimunjawa Jepara. Hasil identifikasi dari ke empat spesies adalah Stichopus cf. quadrifasciatus, Pearsonothuria graeffei, Bohadschia vitiensis, dan Holothuria atra. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan teknik maserasi dinding tubuh teripang menggunakan pelarut metanol. Uji aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode DPPH (1,1-difenil-pikrilhidrazil) sebagai agen radikal bebas. Penentuan total fenolik dilakukan menggunakan metode folin-ciocalteu, dan penentuan kadar karotenoid dilakukan dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas antioksidan Bohadschia vitiensis, Stichopus cf. quadrifasciatus, Pearsonothuria graeffei, dan Holothuria atra tergolong sangat lemah dengan nilai IC50 secara berturut-turut adalah sebesar 454,28 ± 14,4; 713,51 ± 9,1; 801,57 ± 8,4 dan 1535,47 ppm. Kandungan total fenol sebesar 21,08 ± 0,49; 14,325 ± 0,21; 14,033 ± 0,33 dan 10,67 ± 0,12 mg GAE/g sampel, dan kadar karotenoidnya sebesar 23,28 ± 0,07; 25,78 ± 0,56; 11,85 ± 0,04; dan 41,44 ± 0,008 µmol/g sampel.Kata kunci: Teripang, Antioksidan, DPPH, Fenolik, Karotenoid Sea cucumbers are sea benthos from phylum Echinoderms phylum. Some sea cucumbers such as H. scabra, H. fuscogilva, T. Ananas have a high economical price. Eventhough, some sea cucumbers have the potency of being a healthy food. It it scientifically proven that some sea cucumbers have the ability to reduce free radicals and prevent various degenerative diseases caused by the excessive free radicals. The aims of this study were to identified, determine antioxidant activity, total phenol content, and carotenoid levels in sea cucumber extracts originally from Karimunjawa waters. Some of the sea cucumbers obtained are Stichopus cf. quadrifasciatus, Pearsonothuria graeffei, Bohadschia vitiensis, and Holothuria atra. The extraction was done by macerating the body walls with methanol. The antioxidant activity test were tested using the DPPH method as free radicals, the total phenolic content tested using the folin-ciocalteu method, and determined the carotenoid levels spectrophotometrically. Based on the results, antioxidant activity of  B. vitiensis, S. cf. quadrifasciatus, P. graeffei, and H. atra were  classified as very weak with IC50 454.28 ± 14.4; 713.51 ± 9.1; 801.57 ± 8.4 dan 1535.47 ppm. Total phenolic content were 21.08 ± 0.49; 14.325 ± 0.21; 14.033 ± 0.33 dan 10.67 ± 0.12 mg GAE / g samples, while carotenoid levels were 23.28 ± 0.07; 25.78 ± 0.56; 11.85 ± 0.04; dan 41.44 ± 0.008 µmol / g sample.Keyword : Sea cucumber, Antioxidant, DPPH, Phenolic, Carotenoid  

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