scholarly journals POTENSI MIKROORGANISME SEBAGAI AGEN BIOREMEDIASI MIKROPLASTIK DI LAUT

OSEANA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-49
Author(s):  
Milani Anggiani
Keyword(s):  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Marine Waters ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Remediation Technology ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Waste Accumulation

Microplastic is a threat to the survival of organisms on terrestrial and ocean. Microplastic waste accumulation from human activities will accumulate in the environment. The presence of microplastics in the environment is a problem because plastics are persistent. Plastics often contain chemicals that are potentially toxic and carcinogenic. They are consumed by organisms that will affect aquatic life. Plastic waste in the ocean will directly or indirectly poison the marine biota, damaging coral reefs which will further damage the balance of the marine ecosystem. The process of decomposition of plastic waste into microplastics takes hundreds of years through physical, chemical, and biological processes. The problem of microplastic waste can be overcome by biotechnology approaches. One of the strategies to control microplastic pollution is remediation technology by utilizing the potential of indigenous bacteria that grow in their natural environment. Furthermore, the use of bioremediation agents from other microorganisms has been carried out among them, using Fungi and Actinomycetes. The potential of microplastic degrading microorganisms in sea waters has not been done in depth, especially studies in improving the ability of microorganisms to degrade microplastics. The purpose of writing this review is to review the potential of microplastic degrading bacteria originating from marine waters.

scholarly journals Ecotoxicity, Occurrence, and Removal of Pharmaceuticals and Illicit Drugs from Aquatic Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 12530-12546
Keyword(s):  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Water System ◽  
Illegal Drugs ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health Care Clinics ◽  
Physical Chemical

ollutants of legal pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs are causing many adverse effects on the environment. Pollutants are arising from waste products and from pharmaceuticals or illegal drugs that have not been disposed of properly. Pharmaceuticals and illegal drugs are becoming subject of concern for the past few decades after they attracted considerable attention because they do not willingly biodegrade & remain toxic. Pharmaceuticals compounds such as antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, psychotropic, human drugs, hormones, and illicit drugs usually occur in wastewater from households, hospitals, health care clinics, veterinary, etc. ends in the water system. They potentially impact human health & aquatic life. Recent studies confirm legal pharmaceuticals & illegal drug residue in drinking water, surface water & groundwater. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been considered as hotspots of Pharmaceuticals residue. This removes contaminants from water using physical, chemical & biological processes. This review focuses on the occurrence, toxicity, and elimination of legal pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs in water systems.

Controlling chemical dosing for sulfide mitigation in sewer networks using a hybrid automata control strategy

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2584-2590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqi Liu ◽  
Ramon Ganigué ◽  
Keshab Sharma ◽  
Zhiguo Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Control Performance ◽  
Hybrid Automata ◽  
Sewer Pipe ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Iron Salts ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Sewer Networks

Chemicals such as magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) and iron salts are widely used to control sulfide-induced corrosion in sewer networks composed of interconnected sewer pipe lines and pumping stations. Chemical dosing control is usually non-automatic and based on experience, thus often resulting in sewage reaching the discharge point receiving inadequate or even no chemical dosing. Moreover, intermittent operation of pumping stations makes traditional control theory inadequate. A hybrid automata-based (HA-based) control method is proposed in this paper to coordinate sewage pumping station operations by considering their states, thereby ensuring suitable chemical concentrations in the network discharge. The performance of the proposed control method was validated through a simulation study of a real sewer network using real sewage flow data. The physical, chemical and biological processes were simulated using the well-established SeweX model. The results suggested that the HA-based control strategy significantly improved chemical dosing control performance and sulfide mitigation in sewer networks, compared to the current common practice.

scholarly journals THE LEGAL PROTECTION OF MARINE ECOSYSTEM FROM CIGARETTE BUTTS POLLUTION IN INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-152
Author(s):  
Nasrullah ◽  
Abdul Haseeb Ansari ◽  
Adis Putri Nelaniken
Keyword(s):  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Cigarette Butts ◽  
Tobacco Waste

Indonesia is recognized as a country with high potential in maritime resources. However, Indonesia is also known as the second-largest contributor to plastic waste in the ocean. It is estimated that Indonesia contributes around 200,000 tonnes of plastic disposals. The highest pollutant of the plastic product was found to be cigarette butts. The trillions of cigarette butts generate chemical contamination the ocean waters. Chemicals that leach from the cigarette butts are extremely toxic to the aquatic life in the ocean. The marine pollution caused by this contamination was never seriously noticed, even though the huge number of cigarette butts were found in the sea. A grave concern should be shown on the impacts of the cigarette butts to the ocean. The objective of this article is to elaborate on Indonesian law dealing with the issue the cigarette butt pollution contaminating the oceans of Indonesia.This article is the result of normative research which analyzes exiting statutes and cases that aims at protecting the marine ecosystem from the cigarette filter disposal. This research attempts to analyze the existing laws and regulations in Indonesia on the protection of the marine ecosystem from toxic and hazardous wastes, especially from cigarette butts waste disposal. The results of this study show that to date there is no specific regulation dealing with tobacco waste product disposals. Accordingly, the government is suggested to enact a set of specific and effective regulations pertaining to tobacco waste products as done by some developed countries or states such as Singapore and Australia, so that marine pollution caused by cigarette butts could be prevented. 

scholarly journals How important risk analysis of plastic pollution in coastal area? Case study in Masohi, Central Maluku

2020 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 02014
Author(s):  
Bachtiar W Mutaqin ◽  
Muh Aris Marfai ◽  
Muhammad Helmi ◽  
Nurhadi Nurhadi ◽  
Muhammad Rizali Umarella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Function ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study

Human pressure on the coastal and aquatic surrounding ecosystem in Indonesia, through plastic waste, is increasing, considering that 60 % of the approximately 250 million people live in the coastal areas. Plastic waste originating from human activities has become a massive problem in almost all the small island and coastal regions, especially in the eastern part of Indonesia. This condition is caused by poor waste management and a lack of public awareness in disposing of waste in its place, including in an area known as its marine biodiversities and marine tourism spots like Masohi in Central Maluku. Also, the composition of waste is dominated by plastic waste that cannot be decomposed in a short period, continue circulated on the ocean currents, and will be deposited in coastal areas. Furthermore, some plastic waste will break down into micro-plastics that pollute not only the environment but also marine biota, which are often consumed by humans. This situation profoundly affects the sustainability and function of aquaecosystem services in coastal areas. Therefore, a comprehensive policy and regulation, and interdisciplinary study for analysing vulnerable coastal ecosystem, and mitigating the potential risk of plastic pollution in Masohi, Central Maluku are essential to be conducted.

scholarly journals The impact of the Messinian Salinity Crisis on marine biota

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantina Agiadi ◽  
Niklas Hohmann ◽  
Giorgio Carnevale ◽  
Elsa Gliozzi ◽  
Constanza Faranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Functional Change ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Messinian Salinity Crisis ◽  
Marine Fauna ◽  
Independent Evidence ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Impact

<p>The Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC) was the greatest paleoenvironmental perturbation the Mediterranean has ever seen. The literature is abundant in hypotheses on the repercussions of the MSC on organisms. However, all these are based on incomplete and still uncertain scenarios about the MSC evolution, as well as on the assumption that such a paleoenvironmental perturbation must have completely reset marine biota. Having prevailed for many decades now, this assumption has leaked from paleontology and geosciences to biological sciences, with numerous studies taking this scenario for granted instead of using it as a starting hypothesis to be tested. Here, we review and revise the marine fossil record across the Mediterranean from the Tortonian until the Zanclean to follow the current rules of nomenclature, correct misidentifications, and control for stratigraphic misplacements. We examine the composition of marine faunas, both taxonomically and considering the function of each group in the marine ecosystem and the transfer of energy through the marine food web. Specifically, we investigate the following functional groups: 1) primary producers, 2) secondary producers, 3) primary consumers, 4) secondary consumers, and 5) top predators. Our study includes sea grasses, phytoplankton, corals, benthic and planktonic foraminifera, bivalves, gastropods, brachiopods, echinoids, bryozoans, fishes, ostracods, and marine mammals. We calculate biodiversity indexes to provide independent evidence quantifying to what degree the marine fauna underwent:</p><ol><li>A drop of overall regional biodiversity of the Mediterranean due to environmental stress during the Messinian.</li> <li>A taxonomic and functional change between the Tortonian, Messinian, and the Zanclean, that is before and after the MSC, as well as during the precursor events to that actual crisis taking place after the Tortonian/Messinian boundary.</li> <li>The onset of the present-day west-to-east decreasing gradient in species richness, which has been related to the sea temperature and productivity gradients and the distance from the Gibraltar connection to the Atlantic.</li> </ol>

scholarly journals Biological activity of soils cultivated with yacón (Smallanthus sonchifolius Poep. & Endl) H. Robinson, inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense and native mycorrhizal fungi

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
María Gabriela Di Barbaro ◽  
Horacio Enrique Andrada ◽  
Eleodoro Eduardo Del Valle ◽  
Celia Inés Brandán
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Microbial Consortium ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Smallanthus Sonchifolius ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Promote Plant Growth ◽  
Time Of Harvest

The soil is influenced by the roots of plants because the exudate radicals affect its physical, chemical, and biological processes. The aim of this research was to evaluate the microbial activity of soils cultivated with yacón (Smallanthus sonchifolius Poep. & Endl) H. Robinson and inoculated with microorganisms which promote plant growth. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with three repetitions per treatment. Each repetition corresponded to a 3m x 3m plot with 25 plants, in 5 cultivation lines with a distance of 70 cm apart. Four treatments were applied at the time of plantation. These consisted of yacón propagules inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense (T1) and native mycorrhizal fungi (T2) inoculated with the microbial consortium (T3). In the control treatments, the propagules were not inoculated with these microorganisms (T0). Soil samples were collected in lots cultivated with yacón located in the Province of Catamarca, in the northwest of Argentina. The samples were collected at the time of implantation and harvest during three agricultural cycles. The total Biological Activity (TBA) of the collected samples was determined by Fluorescein Diacetate Hydrolysis. The TBA of the soil was affected by the different crop treatments, which rose in the analyzed soils and was statistically different from the control treatments. Significant differences were also observed between the TBA of the soils at the beginning of the crops in comparison with the recorded values of the crop at the time of harvest. The inoculation of yacón propagules with A. brasilense and native mycorrhizal fungi affects the TBA of the cultivated soils marking a significant increase.

scholarly journals Sacrificial amphiphiles: Eco-friendly chemical herders as oil spill mitigation chemicals

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. e1400265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deeksha Gupta ◽  
Bivas Sarker ◽  
Keith Thadikaran ◽  
Vijay John ◽  
Charles Maldarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Polar Group ◽  
Branched Chain

Crude oil spills are a major threat to marine biota and the environment. When light crude oil spills on water, it forms a thin layer that is difficult to clean by any methods of oil spill response. Under these circumstances, a special type of amphiphile termed as “chemical herder” is sprayed onto the water surrounding the spilled oil. The amphiphile forms a monomolecular layer on the water surface, reducing the air–sea surface tension and causing the oil slick to retract into a thick mass that can be burnt in situ. The current best-known chemical herders are chemically stable and nonbiodegradable, and hence remain in the marine ecosystem for years. We architect an eco-friendly, sacrificial, and effective green herder derived from the plant-based small-molecule phytol, which is abundant in the marine environment, as an alternative to the current chemical herders. Phytol consists of a regularly branched chain of isoprene units that form the hydrophobe of the amphiphile; the chain is esterified to cationic groups to form the polar group. The ester linkage is proximal to an allyl bond in phytol, which facilitates the hydrolysis of the amphiphile after adsorption to the sea surface into the phytol hydrophobic tail, which along with the unhydrolyzed herder, remains on the surface to maintain herding action, and the cationic group, which dissolves into the water column. Eventual degradation of the phytol tail and dilution of the cation make these sacrificial amphiphiles eco-friendly. The herding behavior of phytol-based amphiphiles is evaluated as a function of time, temperature, and water salinity to examine their versatility under different conditions, ranging from ice-cold water to hot water. The green chemical herder retracted oil slicks by up to ~500, 700, and 2500% at 5°, 20°, and 35°C, respectively, during the first 10 min of the experiment, which is on a par with the current best chemical herders in practice.

The three types of liquid water in the surface of present Mars

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Möhlmann
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Pure Liquid ◽  
Interfacial Water ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Undercooled Liquid ◽  
Liquid Bulk ◽  
Physical Chemical

AbstractThermodynamics teaches that pure liquid bulk water cannot stably exist on the surface of Mars. However, it is shown by thermodynamic arguments that liquid water can exist, at least temporarily, in the upper surface of Mars, in form of: (a) undercooled liquid interfacial water (ULI water); (b) undercooled liquid water in cryo-brines; and (c) liquid bulk water (due to solid-state greenhouse subsurface melting) in the subsurface of ice areas, which are covered by a lid of solid ice only. The presence of these forms of liquid water on present Mars is discussed in detail and in view of the possible consequences for physical, chemical and eventual biological processes.

Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitor Removal by Physical, Chemical and Biological Processes

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samer Adham ◽  
Samir Gharfeh ◽  
Altaf Hussain ◽  
Joel Minier-Matar ◽  
Arnold Janson
Keyword(s):  
Biological Processes ◽  
Physical Chemical

Experimental reedbed systems for the treatment of airport runoff

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 385-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Revitt ◽  
R. B. E. Shutes ◽  
N. R. Llewellyn ◽  
P. Worrall
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Flow Systems ◽  
Total Ammonia ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

The relative efficiencies of pollutant removal from airport runoff by three different designs of pilot scale reedbed treatment systems located at Heathrow airport are described. The sub-surface flow and surface flow systems generally performed more effectively than the rafted systems for reduction of BOD, COD, total ammonia, nitrate, phosphate and metal concentrations. The variable removal efficiencies are explained in terms of the physical, chemical and biological processes which are relevant to each reedbed system.

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