scholarly journals Criteria for Assessing the Energy-Ecological Effectiveness of using the Sludge of Waste Treatment Plants as Components of Liquid Composite Fuels

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 328
Author(s):  
Iryna Suvorova ◽  
Oleh Kravchenko ◽  
Vitalii Goman ◽  
Ihor Baranov
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Fuel Mixtures

The challenging issues in the sustainable development of a state currently are the problems of protecting the environment from contamination, increasing the capacity of systems for recycling and reusing water, and the development of resource saving and non-waste technologies. The authors have developed and introduced the technology of hydrocavitation activation of liquid hydrocarbons to create composite fuels that can contain off-spec hydrocarbons, including stale fuel oil, oil tanker outwashes, stillage bottoms, coal, bio mass, industrial wastes and the sludge of wastewater treatment plants. The main criteria were defined for assessing the energy-ecological effectiveness of using sludge in municipal wastewater as a component of composite fuels. The criteria are as follows: the calorific capacity of the fuel mixture, the energy effectiveness of its use as an energy resource, consumer properties, and the environmental performance of combusting this kind of fuel. Using these criteria during the production and combustion of composite fuels obtained with hydrocavitation activation allows producing high-quality fuel mixtures with specified thermophysical and consumer properties. This opens the prospects of more effective usage of hydrocarbon resources and of solving simultaneously two problems: the production of surplus energy and environmental load reduction during the disposal and neutralisation of moisture-containing waste. Keywords: sludge; hydrocarbon resources; hydrocavitation activation; composite fuels; waste disposal and neutralisation

scholarly journals Initiating Biodegradation of Polyvinylpyrrolidone in an Aqueous Aerobic Environment: Technical Note / Zainicjowanie Biodegradacji Poliwinylopirolidonu W Środowisku Wodno-Tlenowym: Notatki Techniczne

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marketa Julinova ◽  
Jan Kupec ◽  
Roman Slavik ◽  
Maria Vaskova
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Aerobic Biodegradation ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment

Abstract A synthetic polymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP - E 1201) primarily finds applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries due to its resistance and zero toxicity to organisms. After ingestion, the substance passes through the organism unchanged. Consequently, it enters the systems of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) without decomposing biologically during the waste treatment process, nor does it attach (through sorption) to particles of activated sludge to any significant extent, therefore, it passes through the system of a WWTP, which may cause the substance to accumulate in the natural environment. For this reason the paper investigates the potential to initiate aerobic biodegradation of PVP in the presence of activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. The following agents were selected as the initiators of the biodegradation process - co-substrates: acrylamide, N-acethylphenylalanine and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, a substance with a similar structure to PVP monomer. The biodegradability of PVP in the presence of co-substrates was evaluated on the basis of biological oxygen demand (BOD) as determined via a MicroOxymax O2/CO2/CH4 respirometer. The total substrate concentration in the suspension equaled 400 mg·dm-3, with the ratio between PVP and the cosubstrate being 1:1, while the concentration of the dry activated sludge was 500 mg·dm-3. Even though there was no occurrence of a significant increase in the biodegradation of PVP alone in the presence of a co-substrate, acrylamide appeared to be the most effective type of co-substrate. Nevertheless, a recorded decrease in the slope of biodegradation curves over time may indicate that a process of primary decomposition was underway, which involves the production of metabolites that inhibit activated sludge microorganisms. The resulting products are not identified at this stage of experimentation.

Reclaimed wastewater to irrigate olive groves and vineyards: effects on soil properties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Mañas Ramírez ◽  
Jorge De las Heras Ibañez ◽  
Esther Peña Molina
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Joint Activities ◽  
Primary Water

<p>Having drinking water is one of the sustainable development goals (SDG no. 6) that is not always easy to ensure, especially in countries like Spain or arid regions marked by water deficit. The reuse of treated water should be considered when planning water resources, but it is necessary to conduct experiments to verify that this effectiveness is applicable to real situations. Our field trial was carried out in several study areas distributed in agricultural parcels of SE Spain. Three olive grove and vineyard plantations were monitored for 3 years. Two irrigation water types were considered: freshwater from conventional wells (controls) and treated wastewater (TW). The treated wastewater came from three different wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) that employ a biological secondary treatment without disinfection and different numbers of Inhabitants Equivalent (IE) as a measure of pollutant load. They were located in Valdeganga (3,000 IE), Fuenteálamo (5,600 IE) and Ontur (1,500 IE). All the study plots were watered by drip irrigation using 16 mm-diameter polyethylene pipelines.</p><p>Several soil and water parameters were analysed to determine the main differences among them. Increasing of soil salinity is a real risk after irrigating with wastewater as is reflected in higher electrical conductivity values. However, this fact was compensated by the greater contribution of organic matter and nutrients, which allowed crops to adequately develop. Moreover, no microbiological, metal content, toxicity or organic compounds in the studied water samples were detected and reclaimed municipal wastewater was comparable in quality to the conventional sources at all the demonstration sites. Hence adopting this water type for irrigation for grapes and olives could help save primary water resources. The future of water resources management policies involves sustainable wastewater reuse within a circular economy frame because this is the only way to guarantee everyone solidarity access to water.</p><p>Fundings provided by the ERA-NET WaterWorks2014 Cofunded Call. This ERA-NET is an integral part of the 2015 Joint Activities developed by the Water Challenges for a Changing World Joint Programme Initiative (Water JPI).</p>

scholarly journals Process auditing and performance improvement in a mixed wastewater–aqueous waste treatment plant

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 891-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Collivignarelli ◽  
Giorgio Bertanza ◽  
Alessandro Abbà ◽  
Silvestro Damiani
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Economic Optimization ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Aqueous Waste

Abstract The wastewater treatment process is based on complex chemical, physical and biological mechanisms that are closely interconnected. The efficiency of the system (which depends on compliance with national regulations on wastewater quality) can be achieved through the use of tools such as monitoring, that is the detection of parameters that allow the continuous interpretation of the current situation, and experimental tests, which allow the measurement of real performance (of a sector, a single treatment or equipment) and comparison with the following ones. Experimental tests have a particular relevance in the case of municipal wastewater treatment plants fed with a strong industrial component and especially in the case of plants authorized to treat aqueous waste. In this paper a case study is presented where the application of management tools such as careful monitoring and experimental tests led to the technical and economic optimization of the plant: the main results obtained were the reduction of sludge production (from 4,000 t/year w.w. (wet weight) to about 2,200 t/year w.w.) and operating costs (e.g. from 600,000 €/year down to about 350,000 €/year for reagents), the increase of resource recovery and the improvement of the overall process performance.

scholarly journals Carbon-Neutrality in Wastewater Treatment Plants: Advanced Technologies for Efficient Operation and Energy/Resource Recovery

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8514
Author(s):  
Sungjun Bae ◽  
Young Mo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Zero Carbon

Recently, “carbon neutrality”, the state of net-zero carbon dioxide emission, has been one of the most frequently used terms in the sustainable development of environmental and energy industries [...]

scholarly journals Logical-Information Model of Energy-Saving Production of Organic Sulfur Compounds from Low-Molecular Sulfur Waste Fuel Oil

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5286
Author(s):  
Valery Meshalkin ◽  
Elena Shinkar ◽  
Nadezhda Berberova ◽  
Nadezhda Pivovarova ◽  
Foat Ismagilov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Sulfur Compounds ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Organic Sulfur ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Organic Sulfur Compounds

A logical-informational model of energy resource-efficient chemical technology for the utilization of hydrogen sulfide and low molecular alkanethiols, which are toxic and difficult to remove sulfur components of residual fuel (fuel oil), is proposed. Based on the IDEF1 methodology and existing knowledge about the technological processes of the demercaptanization of various hydrocarbon raw materials (oils, gas condensates), a scheme for the production of organic sulfur compounds from sulfur waste extracted from fuel oil has been modeled. For a sufficiently complete removal of hydrogen sulfide and low molecular weight alkanethiols, energy- and resource-saving stages of the technological process have been developed, which are implemented by ultrasonic and/or magnetic treatment of fuel oil. It is proposed to use the combined action of two alternative methods of processing fuel oil to increase the efficiency of cleaning fuel oil from sulfur components. For the first time, an approach has been developed to utilize unwanted sulfuric impurities contained in fuel oil by involving electric and microwave synthesis in green technological processes, to obtain practically useful organic sulfur compounds with biological activity. It is shown that the use of one-electron oxidant thiols and hydrogen sulfide in organic media leads to the synthesis of organic disulfides and elemental sulfur. Indirect (with the use of mediators) electrosynthesis contributes to the cyclic conduct of the technological process, an increase in efficiency and a decrease in energy consumption compared to the direct (on electrodes) initiation of sulfur components.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL IMPURITIES AND MECHANOCHEMICAL ACTIVATION ON THE RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF COAL-WATER SUSPENSIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
A.V. Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Mechanochemical Activation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Graphical Dependence ◽  
Coal Fuel ◽  
Fuel Mixtures

It is shown that the use of water-coal fuel mixtures as an energy resource in the production of heat and electric energy can not only significantly expand the resource base of the heat and power industry, but also improve the environmental performance of coal combustion on heat power equipment. One of the main problems of using coalwater fuel is its high viscosity, which complicates the processes of pumping and spraying during combustion. Optimization of the viscosity and other rheological properties of these fuel mixtures is achieved by adding chemical reagents-plasticizers. The experimental studies of the effect on the rheological properties of coal-water fuel mixtures of the use in the process of their production of plasticizers of various origins and modes of mechanochemical activation (grinding of the dispersed phase) have been carried out. For the research, plasticizing reagents were selected, which are used in various technologies for the preparation of water-coal fuel mixtures, and new reagents have been proposed. It was concluded that triethylamine has an advantage in use due to its effectiveness and relatively low cost. In this regard, a study of changes in the rheological properties of coal-water fuel with the addition of this reagent-plasticizer in the range from 0,5 to 3% of the total mass of the fuel mixture was carried out. The graphical dependence of the viscosity of coal-water fuel on the concentration of triethylamine has been obtained. An intensive decrease in fuel viscosity (from 0,95 to 0,8 Pa · s) was revealed in the range of additive concentrations of 0,5-1,0%. The study of the influence of the duration of hydrocavitation mechanochemical activation on the rheological properties of coal-water fuel has been carried out. A graphical dependence of the change in the viscosity of coal-water fuel on the duration of mechanochemical activation, which is characterized by a significant minimum of viscosity at the level of processing duration equal to 60 s, has beenobtained. Keywords: coal-water fuel, mechanochemical activation, plasticizing reagents, dynamic viscosity. Corresponding author V.A. Goman, e-mail: [email protected]

The development of alternative energy sources: Prospects in Russia and the world

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 885-904
Author(s):  
M.E. Frai
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Energy Complex ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Governmental Institutions ◽  
Key Steps

Subject. The article discusses limited sources of energy nowadays and an ongoing survey of new ones. I focus on fuel and energy complexes worldwide and in Russia. Objectives. The study is to analyze the future use of alternative energy sources in the fuel and energy complex nationwide and worldwide. I review the existing energy sources of the fuel and energy complex in the global and regional markets, specifically the alternative ones. Methods. The study relies upon methods of statistics, analysis and systems approach. Results. The article demonstrates that the fuel and energy complex strongly depends on the current situation in the energy resource market, which is difficult to forecast. If we continue relying on traditional energy resources, we get exposed to some risks affecting the sustainable development of the economy. Russia should diversify the power engineering sector by developing alternative energy sources. The article sets forth the economic rationale for alternative sources and key steps Russia shall make. Conclusions and Relevance. Considering the current situation in the energy balance, alternative energy is what any advanced society seeks for, being supported by manufacturers, governmental institutions, and researchers, though low profitability and high infrastructure costs impede its development. In Russia, these challenges are even more palpable. However, even now Russia is able to find alternative energy solutions. In addition to advantages of alternative energy, which is globally proclaimed, they will also help Russia diversify and update the economic system.

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