scholarly journals A importância de unidades de conservação na proteção de aves da floresta atlântica frente à fragmentação

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-29
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Zimmermann ◽  
Joaquim Olinto Branco ◽  
Rosemeri Carvalho Marenzi ◽  
Matheus Allan Kurtz Willrich
Keyword(s):  
Form Factor ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Shape Factor ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Forest Birds ◽  
Circular Area ◽  
Representative Species ◽  
Area And Perimeter ◽  
Biological Reserve

Due to the few studies in ornithology in the gleba menor of the Sassafras and Canela Preta Biological, the objective of this study was to evaluate the role of these Units for the preservation of forest birds. In the field, a monthly quantitative inventory was carried out, covering all seasons and periods of the day. The specimens were identified by sonic and visual evidences using a 7 X 35 mm binocular. The displacement in each area was one hour, carried out by walking at a constant speed (± 3.0 km / h) on pre-existing tracks, covering the largest area and possible environments. For each unit with the area and perimeter values, the form factor was calculated. With a sample effort of 65 and 71 hours of observation for the Canela Preta Biological Reserve and for the gleba menor, it was possible to record 182 and 190 species respectively. The richness in the areas can be considered high when compared to the richness in the greater area in the Sassafras Rebio (3,840 ha), where 237 species were registered. Among the species are those considered endemic, which for the two areas add up to 84 species, such as Lipaugus lanioides (Lesson, 1844). It was possible to record the presence of species characteristic of altitudes such as: Pyrrhocoma ruficeps (Strickland, 1844). Among species of conservation interest we have Amazona vinacea (Kuhl, 1820) considered threatened (EN). The most representative species was the Critically Endangered (CR) Primolius maracana (Vieillot, 1816). For the shape factor we obtained values of 0.21 (Sassafras) and 0.18 (Canela-Preta). Values less than 1 indicate a more circular area and, consequently, less edge effect. From the above, it is evident the importance of these protected areas  for the conservation of bird species against the fragmentation of the Atlantic Forest in Santa Catarina.

Living in a fragmented world: Birds in the Atlantic Forest

The Condor ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco A Pizo ◽  
Vinicius R Tonetti
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Forest Birds ◽  
Movement Behavior ◽  
Fragmented Landscape ◽  
Bird Conservation ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
History Of ◽  
Original Vegetation

Abstract The Atlantic Forest is the second largest tropical moist forest domain in South America after the Amazon, home to over 800 bird species (223 endemics or 27% of the avifauna). With only 28% of the original vegetation left, mostly fragmented and altered, the Atlantic Forest is a hotspot for bird conservation. We first introduce the extent, vegetation types, and exploitation history of the domain, and the composition and biogeographic affinities of its birds. We then provide an overview of the knowledge gathered so far on the ways Atlantic Forest birds thrive in the often-fragmented landscape, highlighting the landscape features that influence their occurrence and movement behavior. We end with the conservation issues affecting the Atlantic Forest birds and the actions hitherto taken to address them, including the establishment of conservation units, forest restoration, and rewilding.

scholarly journals Distribution of birds along an elevational gradient in the Atlantic forest of Brazil: implications for the conservation of endemic and endangered species

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaqueline M. Goerck
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Forest Birds ◽  
Serra Do Mar ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Forest Remnant ◽  
The Many

SummaryIn this study I compare bird communities along an elevational gradient in an Atlantic forest remnant (Pico do Corcovado in Ubatuba) in coastal Sao Paulo state, Brazil. Forests at low elevations are structurally more complex and more diverse in plant species than those along the slopes and at higher elevations in this remnant. Consequently it is hypothesized that low elevation forests contain a greater diversity of bird species. Results from the study in the Corcovado area show clear differences in the distribution of forest birds along the elevational gradient from both qualitative and quantitative aspects. The structurally more complex forest at low elevations contains the most diverse avifauna, including several of the rarest and most threatened species. The importance of this remnant as a whole is apparent due to the high diversity observed (254 species), the high proportion of endemic species, and the extent to which the avifauna is endangered. Protection of forests at all elevations along the Serra do Mar is required to maintain diversity of bird species, particularly the many endemic and endangered species restricted to specific elevations.

How do fruit productivity, fruit traits and dietary specialization affect the role of birds in a mutualistic network?

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 213-222
Author(s):  
Marcia L. Malanotte ◽  
Tiago Machado-de-Souza ◽  
Ricardo P. Campos ◽  
Carmen L.O. Petkowicz ◽  
Isabela G. Varassin
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Generalized Linear Model ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Fruit Traits ◽  
Dietary Specialization ◽  
Fruit Productivity ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractMany plant traits might explain the different ecological and network roles of fruit-eating birds. We assessed the relationship of plant productivity, fruit traits (colour, seed size and nutritional quality) and dietary specialization, with the network roles of fruit-eating birds (number of partners, centrality and selectivity) in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil. We classified bird species according to their dietary specialization into three categories: obligate, partial and opportunistic fruit-eating birds. To test if network roles changed according to dietary specialization, fruit productivity and traits, we used a generalized linear model analysis. The selected 14 species of plant interacted with 52 bird species, which consumed 2199 fruits. The most central and generalist fruit-eating bird, Turdus albicolis, interacted with plants that produced more fruits, such as Miconia cinerascens, and had, on average, larger seeds, such as Myrcia splendens. The most selective birds interacted with fruits with a higher concentration of lipids and less intense colour, and plants that produced fewer fruits. Obligate fruit-eating birds, such as Patagioenas plumbea, were more selective than partial and opportunistic birds. Different plant traits are therefore related to the different network roles of fruit-eating birds in the Atlantic Forest, which are also dependent on bird dietary specialization.

scholarly journals Molecular characterisation of haemoparasites in forest birds from Robinson Crusoe Island: Is the Austral Thrush a potential threat to endemic birds?

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAVIER MARTÍNEZ ◽  
RODRIGO A. VÁSQUEZ ◽  
CRISTOBAL VENEGAS ◽  
SANTIAGO MERINO
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Forest Birds ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Robinson Crusoe ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Endemic Birds ◽  
Sephanoides Fernandensis ◽  
Sephanoides Sephaniodes

SummaryThe Juan Fernández Firecrown Sephanoides fernandensis and Juan Fernández Tit-Tyrant Anairetes fernandezianus are two endemic forest birds inhabiting Robinson Crusoe Island and are classified as ‘Critically Endangered’ and ‘Near Threatened’ respectively by IUCN. Previous research concluded that the two main factors involved in the decline of these birds were habitat degradation and the introduction of predator / competitor species. However, the potential role of parasitic diseases has not yet been explored. In order to explore hypothetical host-switching phenomena, we genetically identified the haemoparasites present in four bird species, the two endemic species mentioned above and two recent colonisers, Green-Backed Firecrown Sephanoides sephaniodes and Austral Thrush Turdus falcklandii. We failed to find infections by different blood parasites (Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon, Trypanosoma, Babesia and Isospora) in the endangered Juan Fernández Firecrown. However, the Juan Fernández Tit-Tyrant was infected with some parasites shared with the Austral Thrush. The latter species may function as a key-host species on the island as it showed both the higher hemoparaasitic diversity and prevalence. The role of Green-Backed Firecrowns is apparently of lower importance because only one individual was found parasitized. The Austral Thrush could be responsible of the introduction of some parasites also isolated from the Juan Fernández Tit-Tyrant and represent a potential threat to the endemic firecrown due to its role as a reservoir. The spread of Austral Thrushes could increase the contact between species, increasing the probability of a switching event.

scholarly journals ENDOPARASITES IN BIRDS OF GUARIBAS BIOLOGICAL RESERVE, ATLANTIC FOREST, PARAÍBA STATE, BRAZIL

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camile Lugarini ◽  
Maria Clara Feitosa de Albuquerque ◽  
Ralph Eric Thijl Vanstreels ◽  
Andrei Langeloh Roos ◽  
Jean Carlos Ramos Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Forest Birds ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Biological Reserve

Abstract This paper describes the findings on endoparasites in Atlantic forest birds at Guaribas Biological Reserve, Paraíba State, Northeast of Brazil. We captured 151 birds with mist nets in ten field expeditions between July 2010 and June 2011 and studied bird endoparasites through blood and excreta samples. Blood samples were collected from 131 birds and excreta were collected from 48 birds. In blood smears, only Haemoproteus columbae was detected in three Columbiformes (2.29%) of the species Columbina talpacoti. Fecal samples were collected from 48 birds, and eggs of nematodes and oocysts of coccidian were detected in 6.25% of the samples: Spirurida (Nematoda) in Lanio cristatus (Thraupidae); Strongyloides sp. (Nematoda) in Momotus momota (Momotidae) and Isospora sp. (Protozoa, Eimeriidae) in Neopelma pallescens (Pipridae). There is limited information about the parasites of wild birds in the remaining fragments of Atlantic forest in Northeast of Brazil; however, such knowledge can help understanding these host-parasite interactions.

Does the invasion of Northern Red Oak Quercus rubra in parkland influence the diversity of birds?

Biologia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Grzędzicka ◽  
Katarzyna Kowalik ◽  
Barbara Bacler-Żbikowska
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
Forest Birds ◽  
Bird Diversity ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Alien Plant Species ◽  
Alien Plant

AbstractInvasive plants are non-native, but in most cases naturalised, species that have successfully spread outside of their native range. Aliens invaded all habitats, are competing with native plants, thus, after the direct destruction of habitats, invasions are recognised as the second largest danger for biodiversity. Northern Red Oak is one of the most common invasive tree species dispersed primarily by birds, but new studies have shown that it is also spread continuously in a forest stand. The main aim of our research was to check how strong is the invasion of Northern Red Oak in Silesia Park, where it was introduced together with other alien plant species, and how this invasion interacts with bird diversity. Silesia Park was created 65 years ago on the surface largely ravaged by coal industry. Because many studies indicate birds as vectors of alien plants invasion, we examined the bird fauna in a described area, looking for species that can contribute to spreading oaks. Research showed the diversity of 50 bird species. Surface with a presence of Northern Red Oak was characterised by greater participation of alien plant species than the patch of natural forest, which existed there long before the park creation. The greatest bird diversity was found in the most natural part of Silesia Park, and the lowest in the area of invasion, especially in the case of species classified as “forest birds”. The presence of alien plants increased number of “non-forest” birds, mostly synanthropic species. We also found that Northern Red Oak spreads by spontaneous seed dispersal.

First record of albino lowland tapirs (Tapirus terrestris Linnaeus 1758) in an important Brazilian Atlantic Forest hotspot

Mammalia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-604
Author(s):  
Mariana Bueno Landis ◽  
Luciano Candisani ◽  
Leticia Prado Munhoes ◽  
João Carlos Zecchini Gebin ◽  
Frineia Rezende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
First Record ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
Tapirus Terrestris

AbstractAlbinism is the absence of pigmentation or coloration and is rarely found in nature. In this study we examined photos and videos obtained by cameras traps in the Legado das Águas Reserve. In the images, we identified two albino lowland tapirs. The results highlight the necessity of understanding the genetic diversity of lowland tapir populations and the important role of the professional photography associated with scientific research.

scholarly journals Evaluating the role of contracting and expanding rainforest in initiating cycles of speciation across the Isthmus of Panama

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1742) ◽  
pp. 3520-3526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Tilston Smith ◽  
Amei Amei ◽  
John Klicka
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Isthmus Of Panama ◽  
Species Pairs ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
High Species Richness ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
The Impact

Climatic and geological changes across time are presumed to have shaped the rich biodiversity of tropical regions. However, the impact climatic drying and subsequent tropical rainforest contraction had on speciation has been controversial because of inconsistent palaeoecological and genetic data. Despite the strong interest in examining the role of climatic change on speciation in the Neotropics there has been few comparative studies, particularly, those that include non-rainforest taxa. We used bird species that inhabit humid or dry habitats that dispersed across the Panamanian Isthmus to characterize temporal and spatial patterns of speciation across this barrier. Here, we show that these two assemblages of birds exhibit temporally different speciation time patterns that supports multiple cycles of speciation. Evidence for these cycles is further corroborated by the finding that both assemblages consist of ‘young’ and ‘old’ species, despite dry habitat species pairs being geographically more distant than pairs of humid habitat species. The matrix of humid and dry habitats in the tropics not only allows for the maintenance of high species richness, but additionally this study suggests that these environments may have promoted speciation. We conclude that differentially expanding and contracting distributions of dry and humid habitats was probably an important contributor to speciation in the tropics.

Bird distributional patterns support biogeographical histories and are associated with bioclimatic units in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4337 (2) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
CRISTIANO DE SANTANA CARVALHO ◽  
NAYLA FÁBIA FERREIRA DO NASCIMENTO ◽  
HELDER F. P. DE ARAUJO
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Forest Birds ◽  
Distributional Pattern ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Distributional Patterns ◽  
Parsimony Analysis Of Endemicity

Rivers as barriers to dispersal and past forest refugia are two of the hypotheses proposed to explain the patterns of biodiversity in the Atlantic Forest. It has recently been shown that possible past refugia correspond to bioclimatically different regions, so we tested whether patterns of shared distribution of bird taxa in the Atlantic Forest are 1) limited by the Doce and São Francisco rivers or 2) associated with the bioclimatically different southern and northeastern regions. We catalogued lists of forest birds from 45 locations, 36 in the Atlantic forest and nine in Amazon, and used parsimony analysis of endemicity to identify groups of shared taxa. We also compared differences between these groups by permutational multivariate analysis of variance and identified the species that best supported the resulting groups. The results showed that the distribution of forest birds is divided into two main regions in the Atlantic Forest, the first with more southern localities and the second with northeastern localities. This distributional pattern is not delimited by riverbanks, but it may be associated with bioclimatic units, surrogated by altitude, that maintain current environmental differences between two main regions on Atlantic Forest and may be related to phylogenetic histories of taxa supporting the two groups. 

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