scholarly journals Detection of efficiency of microwave-enhanced sludge treatments by dielectric measurements

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Laura Haranghy ◽  
Zoltán Jákói ◽  
Cecilia Hodúr ◽  
Sándor Beszédes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Dielectric Measurement ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Dielectric Measurements ◽  
Physicochemical Changes ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Aerobic Biodegradability

Microwave irradiation is a promising pre-treatment method for sludge stabilisation, but there are few studies focusing its effect on organic matter solubility and biodegradability of wastewater and sludge originated from the food industry. In our research, microwave irradiation was applied standalone and in combination with alkaline treatment to enhance the solubilisation and biodegradation of organic matter content of meat industry wastewater and municipal sludge, respectively. The energy efficiency was investigated, as well. Dielectric measurement is a suitable method to detect physicochemical changes, therefore our research work covered the determination of dielectric properties of the investigated materials. Our experimental results have revealed that the lower power and energy intensity microwave-alkaline treatments were the most efficient pre-treatment process from energetically aspects to increase the organic matter solubility and biodegradability of wastewater and sludge. Furthermore, a strong linear correlation was found between the dielectric constant and the indicators of the solubility of organic matter (SCOD/TCOD) and aerobic biodegradability (BOD/COD) in both treated materials, respectively. Our results show that the dielectric measurements can be applied for detection of physicochemical changes, predict the improvement of biodegradability, and considered as a promising method to estimate the efficiency of sludge pre-treatment methods.

Evaluating the Integral Suspension Pressure method for measuring the particle size distribution in soils with high organic matter content

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Contreras ◽  
Sara Acevedo ◽  
Sofía Martínez ◽  
Carlos Bonilla
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
New Methodologies ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Standard Techniques

<p>Typical information in soil databases is the soil texture and particle size distribution. These properties are used for soil description or predicting other soil properties such as bulk density or hydraulic conductivity. Measuring particle size distribution with standards methods such as the pipette or hydrometer is time-consuming because of the sample pre-treatment used to remove organic matter or iron and the sample post-treatment. Nowadays, there are new methodologies for determining soil particle size distribution, such as the Integral Suspension Pressure (ISP) method, which measures the silt content in a semi-automatized process. Thus, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the suitability of the ISP method compared to standard techniques used in soil analysis and evaluate the effect of organic matter content in the ISP measurements. The main results showed that the ISP method is equivalent in accuracy to the pipette, especially for soils rich in silt or sand content. Also, the results demonstrate the convenience of removing the soil organic matter when using the ISP for soils with more than 1.5% organic matter.</p>

Photo-Fenton processes assisted by solar light used as preliminary step to biological treatment applied to winery wastewaters

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mosteo ◽  
M.P. Ormad ◽  
J.L. Ovelleiro
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Fenton Process ◽  
Organic Matter Concentration ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Matter Concentration

Winery wastewaters are difficult to treat by conventional biological processes, because they are seasonal and experience substantial flow variations. Photocatalytic advanced oxidation is a promising technology for wastewaters containing high amounts of organic matter. In this research work, solar assisted photo-Fenton processes of both heterogeneous and homogeneous phase are used in the pre-treatment of winery wastewaters. The results of these experiments have confirmed the suitability of the photo-Fenton processes, due to these treatments achieving purification levels of up to 50% (measured as total organic carbon). The intermediate effluents are treated adequately by aerobic biological treatment (activated sludge process), due to the decrease in organic matter concentration present in winery wastewaters. The possibility of a combined photo-Fenton process, based on the use of sunlight, and aerobic biological treatment (activated sludge) is suggested.

scholarly journals Enhanced biodegradability of dairy sludge by microwave assisted alkaline and acidic pre-treatments

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
Sándor Beszédes ◽  
Zoltán Jákói ◽  
Balázs Lemmer ◽  
Cecilia Hodúr
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Acidic Condition ◽  
Alkaline Condition ◽  
Thermal Methods ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Aerobic Biodegradability

Considering the rapid, volumetric and selective heating effects of microwaves the microwave assisted chemical methods could provide appropriate alternatives for conventional thermal methods in sludge processing. Microwave irradiation alone is suitable to accelerate the hydrolysis stage of anaerobic decomposition of sludge resulted in accelerated biogas production rate and in higher biogas yield. Alkaline pre-treatments increase the organic matter solubility and suitable for disintegration of sludge particles. In some study are concluded that acidic conditions help the disintegration of waste activated sludge and assist in the solubilisation of carbohydrates and proteins which led to increased higher biogas production, as well. Beside the promising results related to effects of microwave pre-treatments on anaerobic digestion of sludge there are very few reports on the investigation of combined acidic/alkali-microwave pre-treatment method for food industry originated sludge. Hence, our study focused on the examination of the effects of combined microwave-alkali and microwave-acidic pre-treatment on aerobic and anaerobic biodegradability of sludge produced in dairy industry Our experimental results verified, that microwave irradiation with alkaline dosage improve the solubility of organic matters in the pH range of 8-12. But enhancement of disintegration was not correlated linearly with biodegradability. During pre-treatment stage, applying pH over 10, the aerobic biodegradability show decreasing tendency. Applying of acidic condition during microwave irradiation resulted in lower disintegration degree than obtained for microwave-alkaline sludge pre-treatment method. But with microwave assisted acidic pre-treatments a higher aerobic biodegradability could be achieved than with alkaline dosage. In microwave pre-treatments acidic condition was preferable to increase the shorter aerobic biodegradability; the alkaline condition was favourable to intensify the anaerobic digestion process.

scholarly journals Spectroscopic multi-relaxation dielectric model of thawed and frozen arctic soils considering dependence on temperature and organic matter content

2019 ◽  
pp. 62-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. L. Mironov ◽  
I. V. Savin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dielectric Measurements ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Arctic Soils ◽  
Dielectric Model ◽  
Radar Sensing ◽  
Humidity Range ◽  
Good Agreement

The article presents the temperature spectroscopic dielectric model of moist soils, developed on the basis of measurements of six thawed and frozen Arctic soils with different contents of organic matter, from 30 to 90%. This model allows predicting the complex permittivity values of moist soil, which are in good agreement with the data of dielectric measurements. The model is applicable in the frequency range from 0.05 to 15 GHz, the temperature range from –30° to +25 °C, the humidity range from 0.009 to 1.001 g/g. The model for use in remote sensing algorithms of humidity and soil temperature using space radiometric and radar sensing data can be recommended.

scholarly journals Possibilities for detection of the change of biodegradability of wastewater by dielectric constant measurements

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-146
Author(s):  
Laura Haranghy ◽  
Réka Dobozi ◽  
Zoltán Jákói ◽  
Sándor Beszédes
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Chemical Change ◽  
Dielectric Behavior ◽  
Dielectric Measurement ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Aerobic Biodegradability

Nowadays, the development of rapid and non-destructive measurement methods have high importance. The dielectric measurement is a promising technique to detect the chemical and physicho-chemical change of different materials. The dielectric behavior of pure water is widely investigated for decades, but there is very few information available related to the dielectric parameters of wastewater. Our study aims to investigate the applicability of dielectric measurements for the detection of the change of biodegradability of wastewater. In the experiments the change of organic matter solubility and biodegradability of sugar beet processing wastewater, meat processing wastewater, dairy industry wastewater and municipal wastewater was examined. Our results show that dielectric constant - measured at the frequency of 2400 MHz - has a strong linear correlation with the soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), which makes possible the fast detection of disintegration efficiency of different wastewater and sludge treatment processes, or the organic matter removal efficiency of wastewater purification technologies. Furthermore, our results verified that the change of aerobic biodegradability (expressed in BOD5/SCOD ratio) show also good linear correlation with the dielectric constant. These preliminary results enable to develop a dielectric behavior based detection method for the estimation of the efficiency of wastewater treatment processes.

Justification of the need to increase the fertility of reclaimed alluvial soils of JSC «Moskovskoe»

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
Andrey ilinsky ◽  
Alexander Nefedov ◽  
Konstantin Evsenkin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Alluvial Soils ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Reclaimed Land ◽  
Adverse Weather

Global climatic changes, technogenic pollution by pollutants, violations of technologies of exploitation of reclaimed land lead to a decrease in fertility and soil degradation of agricultural land. Adverse weather conditions, resulting in a lack of adequate flood water, and economic difficulties in agriculture make it difficult to fill the deficit of organic matter and macronutrients in reclaimed alluvial soils. The monitoring of agrochemical properties of alluvial meadow medium-loamy soil of the stationary site (reclaimed lands of JSC «Moskovskoye» of Ryazan region), located in the floodplain of the Oka river, conducted by the Meshchersky branch of Vniigim, showed the presence and intensification of degradation changes in the soil. Thus, comparing the agrochemical indicators in the layer 0–20 cm, carried out in 1995, with the indicators of 2019, it should be noted a decrease in soil fertility. The decrease in soil quality was expressed in a decrease in the amount of mobile phosphorus by 37.6 %, mobile potassium by 53.3 %. Also, during this time there was a decrease in organic matter by 9.1 %, and an increase in soil acidity was 0.6 pH. As a result of such changes, soils lose ecological stability and become more vulnerable to adverse weather and negative anthropogenic impacts. In such a situation, advanced agricultural techniques should be actively used to obtain guaranteed, environmentally safe crop yields and restore the fertility of degraded reclaimed soils. In this regard, there is a need to develop innovative methods of fertility restoration of degraded alluvial soils in reclaimed lands using multi-component organic-mineral ameliorants. Meshchersky branch performs research work in addressing this issue.

HEAVY METAL SPECIATION IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF THE VYSHNEVOLOTSKY RESERVOIR

2018 ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
O. A. Lipatnikova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Metal Speciation ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Speciation ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Manganese Hydroxides

The study of heavy metal speciation in bottom sediments of the Vyshnevolotsky water reservoir is presented in this paper. Sequential selective procedure was used to determine the heavy metal speciation in bottom sediments and thermodynamic calculation — to determine ones in interstitial water. It has been shown that Mn are mainly presented in exchangeable and carbonate forms; for Fe, Zn, Pb и Co the forms are related to iron and manganese hydroxides is played an important role; and Cu and Ni are mainly associated with organic matter. In interstitial waters the main forms of heavy metal speciation are free ions for Zn, Ni, Co and Cd, carbonate complexes for Pb, fulvate complexes for Cu. Effects of particle size and organic matter content in sediments on distribution of mobile and potentially mobile forms of toxic elements have been revealed.

Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil Collected from Chandrabhaga River in Kalmeshwar, Nagpur, Maharashtra

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Amita M Watkar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Attributes ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Agricultural Land Management ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Soil, itself means Soul of Infinite Life. Soil is the naturally occurring unconsolidated or loose covering on the earth’s surface. Physical properties depend upon the amount, size, shape, arrangement, and mineral composition of soil particles. It also depends on the organic matter content and pore spaces. Chemical properties depend on the Inorganic and organic matter present in the soil. Soils are the essential components of the environment and foundation resources for nearly all types of land use, besides being the most important component of sustainable agriculture. Therefore, assessment of soil quality and its direction of change with time is an ideal and primary indicator of sustainable agricultural land management. Soil quality indicators refer to measurable soil attributes that influence the capacity of a soil to function, within the limits imposed by the ecosystem, to preserve biological productivity and environmental quality and promote plant, animal and human health. The present study is to assess these soil attributes such as physical and chemical properties season-wise.

Behaviour of the fecal pollution indicators in a soil irrigated with treated wastewater under onsurface and subsurface drip irrigation

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Campos ◽  
G. Oron ◽  
M. Salgot ◽  
L. Gillerman
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Fecal Pollution ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Pollution Indicators ◽  
Subsurface Drip

A critical objective for any wastewater reuse programme is to minimise health and environmental hazard. When applying wastewater to soil–plant systems, it is to be noted that the passage of water through the soil considerably reduces the number of microorganisms carried by the reclaimed wastewater. Factors that affect survival include number and type of microorganisms, soil organic matter content, temperature, moisture, pH, rainfall, sunlight, protection provided by foliage and antagonism by soil microflora. The purpose of this work was to examine the behaviour of fecal pollution indicators in a soil irrigated with treated wastewater under onsurface and subsurface drip irrigation. The experiment was conducted in a vineyard located at a commercial farm near the City of Arad (Israel). Wastewater and soil samples were monitored during the irrigation period and examined for fecal coliforms, somatic and F+ coliphages and helminth eggs. Physico-chemical parameters were controlled in order to determine their relationship with removal of microorganisms. The results showed high reduction of the concentration of microorganisms when wastewater moves through the soil; and a good correlation between the reduction of fecal pollution indicators and moisture content, organic matter concentration and pH. The application of secondary treated domestic wastewater in this specific soil and under these irrigation systems affect the survival of microorganisms, thus reducing the health and environmental risk.

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