scholarly journals Head Circumference Features of Under One Year Old Children at Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 184-9
Author(s):  
Yulitas Bahtiar ◽  
Marisi Manurung ◽  
Manihar D. Marbun ◽  
Iskandar Z. Lubis ◽  
Bistok Saing
Keyword(s):  
Head Circumference ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Only Children ◽  
Economic Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

A descriptive cross sectional study to have normal values of the bead circumference of under one year old children in Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan had been done during january to February 1990. The sample size determined based on formula, was 356 (178 boys and 178 girls). Each sex group was devided proportionally by age in months. Only children with good nutritional status and middle to high socio economic level were included in this study. The mean value of the head circumference is still in the range of the mean of Nellhaus standard. Tbe Nellhaus standard can be used as a standard of bead circumference of under one year old children at Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan.

scholarly journals Factors influencing the dental caries in pregnant women: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e32810111226
Author(s):  
Gabriela Bohrer Bolsson ◽  
Jessica Klöckner Knorst ◽  
Marília Cunha Maroneze ◽  
Maísa Casarin ◽  
Patrícia Pasquali Dotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The City ◽  
Santa Maria

Objective: To assess factors associated with the average number of dental caries in pregnant women. Method: Basic research design: This cross-sectional study was performed between January 2017 and December 2018 in Santa Maria, Brazil. Clinical setting and participants: Multistage random sampling resulted in the recruitment of 256 pregnant women from public health centers across the city. Clinical exams and semi-structured questionnaires including demographic, socioeconomic and behavioral questions were performed by trained interviewers. Main outcome measure: The experience of dental caries was evaluated through the mean value of the Decay, Missing, and Filled Surface Index (DMFS) by 4 trained and calibrated examiners. Multilevel Poisson regression models were used to evaluate the influence of different variables on the average number of dental caries. Rate ratio (RR) and respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated (CI 95%). Results: The prevalence of untreated dental caries was 62.7% in the sample, while the mean DMFS index was 10.27 (± 10.92). Women who smoked during pregnancy had a higher mean DMFS (RR 1.41; 95% CI 1.25-1.57). Furthermore, pregnant women who had poor self-ratings of oral health had a higher average DMFS (RR 1.21; 95% CI 1.10-1.32). Conclusions: The results showed that older age, ethnicity, fewer years in education and the presence of dental plaque resulted in higher means of DMFS.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study on the correlation between postnatal foot length and various other anthropometric parameters along with the gestational age

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 414-419
Author(s):  
Dr. Abhinaya Arun Raj ◽  
◽  
Dr. K. Maheswari ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chest Circumference ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
The Mean ◽  
R Value

Introduction: This study was done to assess the utility of foot length in determining theanthropometric parameters of a newborn in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Materials andMethods: This cross-sectional study among 270 newborns were done at Sri Venkateswaraa medicalcollege hospital and research centre, from Nov 2018 to May 2020. All the healthy live newbornswere taken into the study and newborns with congenital lower limb anomalies were excluded.Results: The mean birth weight of the neonate 2.948+0.344 kg which ranged from 2.050 kg to3.750kg. The mean foot length, head circumference and chest circumference of the foot length was8.113+0.468 cm, 48.989+1.093 cm, 34.437+0.659 cm and 32.372+0.734 cm respectively. The footlength had a maximum correlation with birth weight (r-value=0.905) followed by gestational age (r-value=0.809), length (r-value=0.786), head circumference (r-value=0.719) and chest circumference(r-value=0.603). Conclusion: Foot length had a significant correlation with birth weight andgestational age of the neonates. Foot length also correlated significantly with other anthropometricvariables like length, head circumference and chest circumference.

scholarly journals Gonial Angle by Lateral Cephalogram in Orthodontic Patients of a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (237) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manju Bajracharya ◽  
Anjana Rajbhandari ◽  
Resina Pradhan ◽  
Pushkar Manandhar ◽  
Surendra Maharjan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Lateral Cephalogram ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gonial Angle ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: The Gonial angle is an important parameter of the craniofacial complex for growth Patterns prediction. The gonial angle on lateral cephalometric radiograph represents the mandibular morphology concerning mandibular body and ramus. The objective of this study was to find out the mean value of gonial angle in lateral cephalometric radiographs of patients of orthodontic department in a tertiary care center. Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients from the Department of Orthodontics at People’s Dental College and Hospital between 8th December 2020 to 8th February 2021 at People’s Dental College and Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal after obtaining Ethical approval (Reference Number. 01, CH100 09,2077/2078) by the Institutional Review Committee. A convenience sampling technique was used to collect 166 pre-treatment lateral cephalograms radiographs of patients between 17-30 years. Data were collected and entered using Statistical Package of Social Science 16. Results: The mean value of gonial angle on lateral cephalogram radiographs was 132.84±3.70 in hyperdivergent, 119.94±5.57 in hypodivergent and 124.06±3.88 in normodivergent vertical skeletal patterns and between male and female were 132.52±4.32, 133.07±3.28 in hyperdivergent, 121.46±3.78, 119.14±6.42 in hypodivergent and 123.74±5.14, 123.94±3.90 in normodivergent vertical skeletal patterns of Orthodontic Patients. Conclusions: The gonial angle value on lateral cephalometric radiographs was greater in hyperdivergent than hypodivergent and normodivergent vertical skeletal patterns. The hyperdivergent vertical skeletal pattern of female was greater than of male patient’s lateral cephalometric radiographs while hypodivergent and normodivergent vertical skeletal patterns of males were greater than female lateral cephalogram radiographs of Nepalese orthodontic patients.

scholarly journals Comparing School-Aged Refraction Measurements Using the 2WIN-S Portable Refractor in Relation to Cycloplegic Retinoscopy: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ziming Liu ◽  
Emmanuel Eric Pazo ◽  
Hong Ye ◽  
Cui Yu ◽  
Ling Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Altman Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bland Altman Analysis ◽  
The Mean

Purpose. To assess the repeatability and agreement of refractive measurements using 2WIN-S photoscreening with the gold-standard cycloplegic retinoscope refraction. Design. Single centre, cross-sectional study. Methods. Spherical, cylindrical, axis, and spherical equivalent of 194 bilateral eyes of 97 children were assessed using a retinoscope and 2WIN-S. One week later, another operator repeated the 2WIN-S measurements. The primary outcome measures were to assess the repeatability and agreement between spherical equivalent, J0, and J45 readings of 2WIN-S. The repeatability of measurements was assessed by the within-subject standard deviation (2.77 Sw) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The agreement between devices was assessed using 95% limits of agreement. The extent of the agreement between cycloplegic retinoscopy and noncycloplegic 2WIN-S measurements was assessed using Bland–Altman analysis. Results. The mean age ± SD was 10.3 ± 2.46 year (range, 4–14 years). The sphere, cylinder, and spherical equivalent measurements were found to be consistent with both apparatus (r value >0.86). ICC for SE, J0, and J45 was 0.900, 0.666, and 0.639, respectively; Sw for SE, J0, and J45 was 0.61D, 0.30D, and 0.31D, respectively; Bland–Altman analysis of retinoscopy with cycloplegia and 2WIN-S for SE was 184/194 (95%) in 95% confidence interval, and the mean value was 0.46. J0 was 184/194 (95%), and the mean value is −0.04. J45 was 181/194 (93%), and the mean value is −0.15. Conclusion. The objective refractive measurement of 2WIN-S had good reliability and high agreement with the gold-standard retinoscopy refraction in children and adolescents. While consistency was observed, it is essential to take into consideration that it is a screening tool.

CLINICAL OUTCOME OF MEASLES AND RUBELLA WITH MACULOPAPULAR RASH AT CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL, PIMS, ISLAMABAD

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Jai Kirshin ◽  
Sameena Afghan ◽  
Aqeela Ayub ◽  
Kishor Shah ◽  
Maqbool Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Maculopapular Rash ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Demographic Profiles ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

BACKGROUND: Measles is highly endemic disease in Pakistan that can be prevented by vaccinating the child.Patients with rash and fever are the major syptoms of this infection. The aim of this study was to find the associationof clinical and serological outcome of measles and rubella with demographic profiles in patients hospitalised withclinical suspicion of these conditions. METHODS: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in children hospital of PIMS Islamabad where allchildren presenting with maculopapular rash in outdoor patient, indoor patient and accident and emergencydepartment were enrolled. The study duration was one year or the completion of required sample size. A total of 73children who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. A purposive sampling technique was used toselect cases. Data was collected through a structured proforma especially designed for this study. Permission wastaken from the Hospital Ethical Committee before the commencement of the study. A written consent was also takenfrom the parents of children prior to conduct the study. RESULTS: All the children in this study was 46.5 (± 40.1) months of age, the mean (SD) age was 4 years and 10months (± 3 years and 4 months). The median age of all children was 24 months (2 years). The youngest child was 7months old while the eldest child was 12 years (144 months) of age. Out of 73 children enrolled in the current studywho presented with maculopapular rash and their serological outcome was assessed, 50 (68.5 percent) were boyswhereas 23 (31.5 percent) were girls. Koplik's spots were present among 56 (76.7 percent) children whereas 17(23.3 percent) did not have Koplik's spots at the time of enrolment. lymphadenopathy was assessed in 35 (47.9percent) children while 38 (52.1 percent) did not have lymphadenopathy at the time of enrolment. CONCLUSION: Study concluded that a higher proportion of children presenting with maculopapular rash werediagnosed to have measles on the basis of serology.

Geographical and Socioeconomic Distribution of Overweight and Morbidity in a Rural Swedish County

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo J. A. Haglund
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

This report on overweight is based on a cross-sectional study in Skaraborg County, Sweden, in 1977. Mean values of Body Mass Index (BMI) are higher in this county than in other areas studied in Sweden and abroad. In correlation analysis the strongest association was found between overweight and hypertension. This is of particular interest since other studies have shown that Skaraborg county, has one of Sweden's highest proportions of treated hypertensives and also higher mortality during the 1970s in hypertension and obesity related diseases. The BMI varied between the municipalities of the county. Overweight was most common in the agricultural municipalities. The mean value of the BMI was higher among workers and persons with less formal education. This is contradictory to earlier Swedish studies with regard to men but not women. Physically demanding jobs accounted for more overweight individuals whereas high physical activity during leisure time was correlated with low body weight.

scholarly journals The Level of Ca125 in Preand Postoperative of Endometriosis

2017 ◽  
pp. 142-146
Author(s):  
Asriyanti Amsir ◽  
Andi M Tahir ◽  
Nusratuddin Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

Objective: To determine the Ca-125 level in pre- and post-operative of endometriosis and its correlation to endometriosis stage and severity of dysmenorrhea. Method: This was a cross-sectional study design conducted at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo dan some affiliated hospitals. We took the patients undergoing laparoscopy or laparotomy consecutively. Result: The mean value of preoperative Ca-125 level in stage I-II was 21.53 (SD 12.64) IU/ml vs 72.52 (SD 8.52) IU/ml in stage III-IV. The mean value of postoperative Ca-125 level was 14.82 (SD 10.00) IU/ml (stage I-II) vs 61.03 (SD 8.43) IU/ml (stage III-IV); they were significantly different (p

scholarly journals Evaluation of air pollutants (PM10 and SO2) in the first year of the COVID-19: A city sample from Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 041-047
Author(s):  
Ömer Faruk Tekin
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
First Year ◽  
Air Quality Monitoring ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

The aim of this study is to evaluate the change of air pollutants in the province of Van compared to the previous year during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study is a cross-sectional study conducted in Van where is a city in eastern Turkey. PM10 and SO2 values obtained from the National Air Quality Monitoring Network website. The lockdowns imposed in the province of Van within the scope of combating COVID-19 have been recorded by examining the decisions of the Sanitary Board on the Van Governorship's official website. The mean of PM10 measurement values in the period before and after COVID-19 were 40.89±19.6 µg/m3 and 41.3±20.39 µg/m3, respectively. The mean of SO2 measurement values were 17.76±18.48 µg/m3 and 23.49±20.96 µg/m3 before and after COVID-19, respectively. When one year after and before COVID-19 was evaluated, there was no difference in PM10 values in terms of year averages, while SO2 value was found to be increased compared to the previous year. However, when analyzed by months, there were months when PM10 values were found to be increased (March, September and October) and decreased (July, August and November) compared to the previous year.

scholarly journals Mid-arm circumference and mid-arm/head circumference ratio in term newborns

2004 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Barbosa Duque Figueira ◽  
Conceição Aparecida de Mattos Segre
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Term Newborns ◽  
The Mean

CONTEXT: Mid-arm circumference of the newborn is strongly associated with birth weight and is a very good indicator of low and insufficient birth weight. However, there are few Brazilian studies on the relationship between mid-arm and head circumferences and, thus, this does not form part of the routine evaluation for newborns. OBJECTIVES: To establish the mid-arm circumference and mid-arm/head circumference ratio in a population of term newborns. TYPE OF STUDY: Cross-sectional study carried out between June 1997 and August 1999. SETTING: Hospital Maternidade Leonor Mendes de Barros, São Paulo. PARTICIPANTS: Term newborns (66 males and 65 females) of appropriate growth for gestational age, whose mothers were healthy, were included in the study. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Arm circumference, arm circumference/head circumference ratio, birth weight and gestational age were measured within 48 hours of birth. Data were considered significant when p < 0.01. RESULTS: The mean values for the mid-arm circumference were 10.76 cm (standard deviation, SD = 0.68) for females and 10.76 (SD = 0.81) for males. The mean value for the mid-arm/head circumference ratio was 0.31 (SD = 0.02) for both sexes. Mid-arm circumference values were significantly related to birth weight and gestational age, whereas mid-arm/head circumference ratio was related only to birth weight. CONCLUSIONS: Mid-arm circumference and mid-arm/head circumference ratio values were established for the studied population. It was possible to obtain curves for both mid-arm circumference and mid-arm/head circumference ratio in relation to birth weight. However, for mid-arm circumference, it was only possible to obtain curves in relation to gestational age. The use of the regression curves did not seem powerful enough to predict the mid-arm circumference and mid-arm/head circumference ratio in this population of term newborns. There were no gender differences for either of the measurements studied.

scholarly journals A Sonographic Study of Kidney Dimensions Among Nepalese Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-171
Author(s):  
Dil Islam Mansur ◽  
Subindra Karki ◽  
Pragya Shrestha ◽  
Sunima Maskey
Keyword(s):  
Normal Values ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nepalese Children ◽  
Kidney Dimensions ◽  
Renal Length

Introduction: Any variations in shape or size of either one or both kidneys may indicate sign of its pathology. The study was aimed to determine normal values for renal dimensions among Nepalese children. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of the renal dimensions among 211 children. The length, breadth and thickness of kidneys were measured by computerised in built calliper in centimetre by using ultrasound and volume of the kidney was calculated. Results: The mean values of length, breadth, thickness and volume were 7.05 ± 1.80 cm, 2.95 ± 0.48 cm, 1.35 ± 0.15 cm and 15.09 ± 5.91 cc for right kidneys respectively; and 7.36 ± 1.89 cm, 2.98 ± 1.89 cm, 1.35 ± 0.18 cm and 15.98 ± 6.44 cc for left kidneys respectively. The mean values for length, breadth, thickness and volume of right kidney was 7.57 ± 1.99 cm, 3.11 ± 0.46 cm, 1.38 ± 0.14 cm and 17.38 ± 6.20 cc among boys respectively; and 6.50 ± 1.39 cm, 2.78 ± 0.44 cm, 1.31 ± 0.17 cm and 12.69 ± 4.43 cc among girls respectively. Similarly, these values for length, breadth, thickness and volume of left kidneys were 7.91 ± 2.04 cm, 3.13 ± 0.49 cm, 1.39 ± 0.18 cm and 18.46 ± 6.89 cc among boys respectively; and 6.78 ± 1.52 cm, 2.83 ± 0.45 cm, 1.31 ± 0.17 cm and 13.38 ± 4.73 cc among girls respectively. Conclusions: It was concluded that mean values for renal length and volume was found to be higher on left side than right side in all age groups. These values for renal breadth and thickness were observed almost same on both sides in all age groups. All measurements of renal dimensions were found significantly higher among boys than girls on both sides. This study has provided the reference values for renal sizes among Nepalese children.

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