scholarly journals Evaluation of air pollutants (PM10 and SO2) in the first year of the COVID-19: A city sample from Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 041-047
Author(s):  
Ömer Faruk Tekin
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
First Year ◽  
Air Quality Monitoring ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

The aim of this study is to evaluate the change of air pollutants in the province of Van compared to the previous year during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study is a cross-sectional study conducted in Van where is a city in eastern Turkey. PM10 and SO2 values obtained from the National Air Quality Monitoring Network website. The lockdowns imposed in the province of Van within the scope of combating COVID-19 have been recorded by examining the decisions of the Sanitary Board on the Van Governorship's official website. The mean of PM10 measurement values in the period before and after COVID-19 were 40.89±19.6 µg/m3 and 41.3±20.39 µg/m3, respectively. The mean of SO2 measurement values were 17.76±18.48 µg/m3 and 23.49±20.96 µg/m3 before and after COVID-19, respectively. When one year after and before COVID-19 was evaluated, there was no difference in PM10 values in terms of year averages, while SO2 value was found to be increased compared to the previous year. However, when analyzed by months, there were months when PM10 values were found to be increased (March, September and October) and decreased (July, August and November) compared to the previous year.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Sleep Disturbances During COVID-19 Pandemic in a Nepalese Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-153
Author(s):  
Avinash Chandra ◽  
Pooja Prakash ◽  
Nabina Sharma ◽  
Ayush Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Insomnia Severity

Objectives: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and news of daily increasing cases inside Nepal and worldwide is adding to the fear that leads to anger, anxiety, frustration, and stress, emotions that directly affect sleep quality. This study aimed to assess sleep disturbances during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Nepalese population.Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 206 Nepali residents who completed anonymous self-administered questionnaires. The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) questionnaire was used to measure sleep disturbances before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The gathered data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics using SPSS version 20 statistical software.Results: There was a significant variation in sleep disturbances among Nepalese residents before versus after the COVID-19 pandemic (p<0.001). The prevalence of clinical moderate insomnia has increased tremendously in Nepalese individuals. Before the pandemic’s onset, only 3.9% of the participants had moderate to severe levels of clinical insomnia; after its onset, this value increased to 17.5%. The mean ISI scores were 6.35±4.65 and 8.01±6.01 before and after the pandemic’s onset, respectively.Conclusions: Our study findings suggest that people are suffering tremendously with sleep disturbances and calls for further research and active measures to help increase sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic.

CLINICAL OUTCOME OF MEASLES AND RUBELLA WITH MACULOPAPULAR RASH AT CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL, PIMS, ISLAMABAD

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Jai Kirshin ◽  
Sameena Afghan ◽  
Aqeela Ayub ◽  
Kishor Shah ◽  
Maqbool Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Maculopapular Rash ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Demographic Profiles ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

BACKGROUND: Measles is highly endemic disease in Pakistan that can be prevented by vaccinating the child.Patients with rash and fever are the major syptoms of this infection. The aim of this study was to find the associationof clinical and serological outcome of measles and rubella with demographic profiles in patients hospitalised withclinical suspicion of these conditions. METHODS: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in children hospital of PIMS Islamabad where allchildren presenting with maculopapular rash in outdoor patient, indoor patient and accident and emergencydepartment were enrolled. The study duration was one year or the completion of required sample size. A total of 73children who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. A purposive sampling technique was used toselect cases. Data was collected through a structured proforma especially designed for this study. Permission wastaken from the Hospital Ethical Committee before the commencement of the study. A written consent was also takenfrom the parents of children prior to conduct the study. RESULTS: All the children in this study was 46.5 (± 40.1) months of age, the mean (SD) age was 4 years and 10months (± 3 years and 4 months). The median age of all children was 24 months (2 years). The youngest child was 7months old while the eldest child was 12 years (144 months) of age. Out of 73 children enrolled in the current studywho presented with maculopapular rash and their serological outcome was assessed, 50 (68.5 percent) were boyswhereas 23 (31.5 percent) were girls. Koplik's spots were present among 56 (76.7 percent) children whereas 17(23.3 percent) did not have Koplik's spots at the time of enrolment. lymphadenopathy was assessed in 35 (47.9percent) children while 38 (52.1 percent) did not have lymphadenopathy at the time of enrolment. CONCLUSION: Study concluded that a higher proportion of children presenting with maculopapular rash werediagnosed to have measles on the basis of serology.

scholarly journals Depression Literacy among First-Year University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Yasir Arafat ◽  
M A Al Mamun ◽  
Md. Saleh Uddin
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
University Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Depression Literacy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Year University

AbstractObjectivesEarly detection of depression has been assumed to lead to its earlier and better care. Increased depression literacy among the general population might play a vital role in the early and successful detection and treatment. We aimed to investigate depression literacy among the first year university students, to be able to compare their depression literacy with those of other previously investigated groups, we hypothesized that depression literacy might be different from other groups such as patients and other subjects from the general population. Knowledge about depression might also be different in female and male students.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted among the first-year students of Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh between January and May 2018. A convenience sample of 306 students was randomly identified from a list of students obtained from the authority. Relevant sociodemographic variables were collected. Students were interviewed using the Bangla Depression Literacy scale (D-Lit Bangla). This was a semi structured interview asking for the knowledge on 20 different characteristics of depression. Collected data were analysed to estimate the mean score and 95% confidence intervals of D-Lit Bangla scores.ResultsThe mean score of the correctly identified characteristics of depression was 6.55 (95% CI = 6.31 to 6.89). Only five characteristics of depression were correctly identified by more than 50% participants, that is, sleep change (76.7%), feeling of guilt (75.2%), low self-esteem (81.8%), psychomotor changes (64.6%) and identification of famous people suffering from depression (66.7%). Only a very small portion of the participants correctly knew about psychotic symptoms and different options for the treatment of depression. There were no significant differences between male and female students in the amount and pattern of knowledge of depression.ConclusionsThe study revealed poor literacy status among the first-year university students of Bangladesh. Both male and female gender have similar amount of depression literacy.

scholarly journals Vancomycin dosing in low-flux hemodialysis; is adjustment of drug dosage necessary?

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-115
Author(s):  
Niloofar Khodabandehloo ◽  
Arash Fourodi ◽  
Aria Jenabi
Keyword(s):  
Serum Level ◽  
Drug Dosage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Dialysis Session ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Vancomycin is a wide useable antibiotic against gram-positive bacteria species in different clinical setting particularly in hemodialysis patients. Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the serum level of vancomycin before and after hemodialysis. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on patients who were hospitalized and medicated by vancomycin with the loading dose of 1000 mg followed by the maintenance dose of 500 mg after each dialysis session every other day. All patients were dialyzed with a low-flux dialyzer membrane. Half an hour before and immediately after dialysis, 2 mL blood sample was taken and stored at -20°C until assaying the level of vancomycin. Results: The average reduction in the serum level of vancomycin was totally 17.65 ± 1.69%. The mean reduction in the serum level of vancomycin was significantly higher in the patients aged higher than 60 years, as compared to other ones. But the level of drug was independent to gender or body mass index. Conclusion: Using low-flux dialyzer membranes, the average reduction in the serum level of vancomycin is expected to be in the range of 12.43% to 21.56% that age was directly associated with the average reduction of the level of vancomycin. Therefore, adjusting and monitoring the serum level of drug in old ages even in the cases of using low-flux dialyzer membranes is recommended.

scholarly journals Head Circumference Features of Under One Year Old Children at Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 184-9
Author(s):  
Yulitas Bahtiar ◽  
Marisi Manurung ◽  
Manihar D. Marbun ◽  
Iskandar Z. Lubis ◽  
Bistok Saing
Keyword(s):  
Head Circumference ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Only Children ◽  
Economic Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

A descriptive cross sectional study to have normal values of the bead circumference of under one year old children in Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan had been done during january to February 1990. The sample size determined based on formula, was 356 (178 boys and 178 girls). Each sex group was devided proportionally by age in months. Only children with good nutritional status and middle to high socio economic level were included in this study. The mean value of the head circumference is still in the range of the mean of Nellhaus standard. Tbe Nellhaus standard can be used as a standard of bead circumference of under one year old children at Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan.

scholarly journals Identification of an anthropometric surrogate to low birth weight in newborns: a hospital based cross sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 2066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Neeluri ◽  
Kiran Pamarthi
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
One Year

Background: Low birth weight babies have less chances of survival during first year of life.Appropriate and timely care of a newborn especially if he is born with low birth weight is important but this is difficult in developing countries. There is a need to develop simple, inexpensive and practical methods to identify low birth weight newborns soon after birth.Methods: A hospital based Cross sectional study was carried out on 965 live born neonates who were born during one year period. All the anthropometric measurements are taken within 24 hours of birth. Pearson’s correlation was done to assess correlation of various anthropometric parameters with birth weight.Results: Out of 965 live born neonates, 510 (52.8%) were male babies and 455 (47.2%) were female babies. 289 (29.9%) babies had birth weight less than 2500 gms. The highest correlation among all measurements was observed between birth weight and mid arm circumference while the least correlation was between birth weight and crown heel length. AUC value for ROC curves is highest for Mid arm circumference (0.917) which shows that it is a better surrogate predictor of low birth weight (<2500 gms) in our study as compared to other anthropometric parameters.Conclusions: Measurement of mid arm circumference is easier, convenient and statistically superior to other anthropometrical parameters in detection of low birth weight newborn babies. 

scholarly journals Correlation between keratometry and corneal incision before and after phaco surgery

Folia Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-532
Author(s):  
Akbar Derakhshan ◽  
Shahram Bamdad ◽  
Hosssein Kheiri ◽  
Masoud Yasemi
Keyword(s):  
Vision Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Corneal Incision ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Postoperative Astigmatism ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Cataract is a common cause of vision loss and blindness in humans. After surgical management of cataract, all efforts should be focused on reducing postoperative astigmatism thus providing an excellent vision to patients. Aim: To determine the relationship between corneal incision and refraction changes before and after phacoemulsification surgery in 300 patients undergoing cataract surgery in Khatam hospital in Mashhad, Iran from January 2017 to April 2018. Materials and methods: Three hundred patients (144 women and 156 men) with cataract undergoing phacoemulsification surgery were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Refraction, keratometry and visual acuity measurement were performed before surgery. Then, a steep-based incision in the cornea was made without stitches. A 3.2 mm corneal incision was made at two supratemporal and temporal sites. The patients were followed-up for one and six months, and one year after surgery monitoring their vision and refraction, and performing keratometric measurements. Results: The mean age of the patients was 65.7&plusmn;9.54 years (age range, 42&ndash;84 years). No major complications were observed. The greatest mean of changes in corneal power was in the supratemporal incision (1.28&plusmn;0.6). Keratometry had a significant relation with the incision (p<0.04). Conclusions: An incision made along the steepest meridian leads to flatness of this meridian, this effect being more pronounced at the supratemporal incision. A temporal incision is recommended in cases where there is little difference in the keratometry of the two axes.

scholarly journals Fatal Drowning in Brazilian Toddlers and Preschoolers in the City of Campina Grande

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
Alessandro Leite Cavalcanti ◽  
Thaisy Sarmento Batista de Oliveira ◽  
Thaisy Sarmento Batista de Oliveira ◽  
Kívia Gabriella Gomes Muniz ◽  
Christiane Leite Cavalcanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
The City

Abstract Drowning is one of the accidents with the greatest impact on health. The objective of this paper was to analyze drowning deaths involving children up to four years of age in Campina Grande, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was developed using secondary data, carried out at the Forensic Medicine Unit. All autopsy reports of children 0-4 years of age, victims of drowning in the period from 2008 to 2011 were evaluated. Data referring to the year of occurrence, victims’ gender and age, time of day, day of week and place of occurrence were collected. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics (frequency distribution). Ninety-three cases of fatal drowning were identified, of which 20 (21.5%) involved children under four years of age. Most victims were male (80%), aged one year (35%). The accidents occurred predominantly during the day (85%), mostly at home (75%). The drowning victims were mostly boys in the first year of life and most cases of drowning occurred at their homes.

Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) Evaluation of Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
Md Tauhidul Islam Chowdhury ◽  
Mohammad Shah Jahirul Hoque Chowdhury ◽  
Mohammad Sadekur Rahman Sarkar ◽  
KM Ahasan Ahmed ◽  
Md Nazmul Kabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Computed Tomography Angiography ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multiple Aneurysm ◽  
Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
One Year ◽  
Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Background: In evaluation of non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage CT angiography (CTA) has 97-98% sensitivity and near 100% specificity. Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the CTA findings of CT positive non traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage. Methodology: This is an observational cross sectional study performed in Neurology department of National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital, Dhaka over one year period (January 2019 to December 2019). Total 87 CT positive subarachnoid hemorrhage cases were purposively included in this study. All CT positive patients underwent CTA of Cerebral vessels for further evaluation. The angiography were evaluated by competent neuro-radiologists blinded about the study. Result: Among 87 patients, 40.2% were male and 59.8% were female. The average age was 53.33±11.1 years. Among the studied patient the source of bleeding was found 78.16% aneurysmal and 21.84% non-aneurysmal. 85.30% patients had single aneurysm and 14.70% had multiple aneurysm. The highest number of patient had Acom aneurysm (41.17%) followed by MCA (22.05%), ICA (13.23%), ACA (7.35%) and vertebral artery (1.14%) in order of frequency. Among the multiple aneurysm group most of the patients had combination of Acom, MCA and ICA aneurysm. Conclusion: From this study, we can conclude that CTA can be used as the primary diagnostic tool in evaluation of spontaneous SAH. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2020;6(2): 78-81

Role of Fibrinolytic Therapy in Empyema Thoracis – A Hospital Based one year Cross Sectional Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-350
Author(s):  
Dr. Girish.L Dandagi ◽  
◽  
Venkat kalyana kumar. P ◽  
Dr. Dr.Isaac Mathew ◽  
Dr. Dr.G S Gaude Dr. Dr.G S Gaude
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fibrinolytic Therapy ◽  
Empyema Thoracis ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
One Year
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