Prevalence of urinary tract infection in 2-8-week-old infants with jaundice

Background Urinary tract infections (UTI) in infants may manifest in various ways and often appear without symptoms. Previous studies have reported that j aundice has been observed in infants aged less than 8 weeks 'With UTIs. However, a prospective study on the prevalence of UTI in infants with jaundice aged 2􀁂8weeks is warranted in order to improve diagnosing capability and provide prompt treatment.Objective To investigate the prevalence and profiles of UTI in infants with jaundice aged 2􀁂8 weeks.Methods This cross􀁂sectional study was carried out in June-December 2011 in infants with jaundice aged 2􀁂8 weeks. Subjects were patients from the Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (CMS), as well as the Pediatric Polyclinics ofBudi Kemuliaan and Thamrin Hospitals. All subjects underwent total, direct and indirect bilirubin examinations, urinalyses and urine cultures.Results Of the 110 subjects recruited, the prevalence of UTI was 18.2%. More boys than girls had UTIs (13 boys, 7 girls). The microorganisms found in subjects v.ith UTIs were Escherichia coli (10/20), Klebsiella pneumoniae (8/20), and Enterobacter aerogenes (2120). Indirect hyperbilirubinemia was found in 5/20 subjects. There were more subjects with UTIs in the non􀁂exclusively breastfed (8/20) and non􀁂breastfed (8/20) groups than in the exclusively breastfed group (4/20), the full term gestational age (GA) group (17/20) than the pretenn GA group (3/20), and the normal birth weight group (15/20) than the low birth weight group (5/20). The median age of jaundice onset was 3.5 days (range lAO days), and the median duration of jaundice was 13.5 days (range 3-56 days).Conclusion The prevalence of UTI in infants aged 2􀁂8 weeks v.ith jaundice was 18.2%. More boys than girls had UTIs. The most common infecting microorganism found in our subjects was Escherichia coli. In daily medical practice, infants with prolonged jaundice of more than 2 weeks should be tested byurin alysis and urine cultures for the presence of UTIs. [Paediatr Indones.2012;52:304-8].

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Local characteristics associated with higher prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in community-acquired urinary tract infections: an observational, cross-sectional study

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy ◽

10.1093/jac/dkaa514 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Stéphanie Larramendy ◽

Aurélie Gaultier ◽

Jean-Pascal Fournier ◽

Jocelyne Caillon ◽

Leïla Moret ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

E Coli ◽

Animal Farming ◽

Tract Infections

Abstract Objectives The prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-E. coli) in community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTI) has been increasing worldwide since 2000, but with large geographical variations. The aim of this study was to determine whether the ESBL-E. coli rate in urine samples from individuals with community-acquired UTI was associated with the local socio-economic, environmental, agricultural and healthcare characteristics. Methods This was a cross-sectional study in western France using data on antibiotic susceptibility of E. coli isolated from urine samples of individuals with community-acquired UTI analysed in non-hospital laboratories from 2015 to 2017. The ESBL-E. coli rate was calculated for each laboratory. Data on socio-economic characteristics, human antibiotic consumption, hospital bed density, animal farming density and percentage of agricultural land and surface water were retrieved at the municipality level and aggregated by study area. Their association with ESBL-E. coli prevalence was quantified using multivariate linear regression models with a backward selection. Results From 358 291 E. coli isolates from urine samples tested in 92 laboratories, the mean ESBL-E. coli prevalence for the study period was 3.30%. In an adjusted model, the ESBL-E. coli rate was significantly (P < 0.05) and positively associated with the local percentage of people >65 years old, third-generation cephalosporin use (DDD/1000 inhabitants), number of hospital beds/km2, poultry density, pig density and percentage of agricultural land. Lower deprivation was associated with a higher ESBL-E. coli rate. Conclusions Several anthropogenic factors (primary care, hospitals and animal farming) are associated with the local ESBL-E. coli rate in community-acquired UTI. These results could contribute to improve risk management, including identification of at-risk patient groups.

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Prevalence of E. Coli in Urinary Tract Infection of Children Aged 1-15 Years in A Medical College of Eastern Nepal

Journal of Nepal Medical Association ◽

10.31729/jnma.4796 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 58 (221) ◽

Author(s):

Arun Giri ◽

Raju Kafle ◽

Ganesh Kumar` Singh ◽

Niraj Niraula

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Presenting Symptoms ◽

Tract Infections

Introduction: Urinary tract infection is one of the commonest causes of childhood morbidity. Earlydiagnosis and appropriate choice of antimicrobials is essential. Hence, this study aims to identify theprevalence of Escherichia coli in childhood urinary tract infections. Methods: This was a hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in Nobel MedicalCollege, Biratnagar over a period of one year. A total of 163 cases aged 1-15 years were included andclinical profile, laboratory reports including bacterial isolates in urine cultures and their sensitivitypatterns were documented. Results: The prevalence of Escherichia coli is 45 (53.57%) C.I. Escherichia coli was the most commonorganism isolated in bacterial cultures followed by Klebsiella 12 (14.29%), Enterococcus 10 (11.90%).Urinary tract infection was common among females with male: female ratio of 1:2.3. Fever 152(93.2%) and abdominal pain 113 (69.3%) were the most common presenting symptoms. Escherichiacoli was found most sensitive to Nitrofurantoin 43 (95.5%) followed by Ciprofloxacin 41 (91.1%) andAmikacin 40 (88.8%). Conclusions: Urinary tract infections in childhood require prompt attention and treatment to preventsignificant morbidity and mortality. From this study it can be concluded that Escherichia coli is oneof the most common isolates in urine culture and Aminoglycosides and Fluoroquinolones can beaccepted as empirical treatment regimens for childhood Urinary tract infections.

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Prevalence of urinary tract infections and antibiogram of uropathogens isolated from children under five attending Bagamoyo District Hospital in Tanzania: A cross-sectional study

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.52652.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 449

Author(s):

Raphael Z. Sangeda ◽

Franco Paul ◽

Deus M. Mtweve

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

District Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Children Under Five ◽

Under Five ◽

Tract Infections

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common condition in children that recurs frequently. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of UTIs among children under five attending Bagamoyo District Hospital and determine its association with nutritional status. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that enrolled 214 children under five years old attending Bagamoyo District Hospital in Tanzania. Midstream urine was collected in sterile conditions and bottles. Samples were transported to the laboratory to isolate bacteria using cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient (CLED) agar. Identification was undertaken using Gram staining, single iron agar test, sulfide-indole motility (SIM) test, and catalase and oxidase tests. A susceptibility test was done using the disc diffusion method. Anthropometric measurements were employed to assess malnutrition status and body mass index was determined using each child's weight and height. Results: Of the 214 children under five enrolled in the study, 123 (57.4%) were girls and 91 (42.6%) were boys. A total of 35 children were confirmed UTI-positive, making the prevalence 16.4%. Of positive children, 17 (7.9%) were girls and 18 (8.4%) were boys. The UTI prevalence was higher in boys than in girls but not statistically significant (p=0.244). Among the isolated uropathogens, Escherichia coli were common bacteria accounting for 65.7% of all isolates. The rate of other uropathogens isolated was Klebsiella spp. (17.1%), Pseudomonas spp. Proteus spp (11.4%) and (2.9%) and Staphylococci spp. (2.9%). The antibiogram of the isolated bacterial uropathogens showed high in-vitro resistance ranging from 90-95% to erythromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and ampicillin. Conclusion: The prevalence of UTI for children under five was 16.4%. The most common causative agent of UTI was Escherichia coli. There was no association between UTI status and malnutrition status of the children. High resistance to antibiotics calls for antimicrobial stewardship and surveillance to preserve antibiotics' effectiveness in treating uropathogens.

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An evaluation of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates in urinary tract infections from Aguascalientes, Mexico: cross-sectional study

Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials ◽

10.1186/s12941-018-0286-5 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Flor Y. Ramírez-Castillo ◽

Adriana C. Moreno-Flores ◽

Francisco J. Avelar-González ◽

Francisco Márquez-Díaz ◽

Josée Harel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tract Infections

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Adherence to guideline recommendations for urinary tract infections in adult women: a cross-sectional study

Primary Health Care Research & Development ◽

10.1017/s1463423621000116 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

Author(s):

Rian Lelie- van der Zande ◽

Marcel Bouvy ◽

Martina Teichert

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Clavulanic Acid ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Adult Women ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

First Choice ◽

Febrile Uti ◽

Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽

Tract Infections

Abstract Aim: To study whether changes in drug preferences in the Dutch guideline for the treatment of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) for General Practitioners (GPs) in 2013, resulted in corresponding changes in antibiotic dispensing. Background: For the treatment of uncomplicated UTI, nitrofurantoin remained the first choice, while fosfomycin became the second choice and changed ranks with trimethoprim. For a subsequent febrile UTI, ciprofloxacin became the first choice and changed ranks with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, co-trimoxazole remained the third choice. Methods: In this observational cross-sectional study, routinely collected dispensing data from the Dutch Foundation of Pharmaceutical Statistics from 2012 to 2017 were used. The number of women 18 years and older, treated with one of the guideline antibiotics for uncomplicated UTI and subsequent febrile UTI were analysed annually. Proportions were calculated. Data were stratified for age categories. Failure of uncomplicated UTI treatment was defined as the dispensing of an antibiotic for febrile UTI within 14 days after the dispensing of an antibiotic for uncomplicated UTI. Findings: Data were available from 81% of all pharmacies in 2012 to 89% in 2017. Percentages of women dispensed nitrofurantoin were relatively stable with 87.4% in 2012 and 84.4% in 2017. Percentages of women dispensed fosfomycin increased from 5.4% in 2012 to 21.8% in 2017, whereas percentages of women dispensed trimethoprim decreased from 17.8% to 8.0%. Within age categories, the percentage of women dispensed fosfomycin increased from 12.4% in women 18–30 years old to 36.7% in women above 80 years old. Percentages of women dispensed antibiotics for febrile UTI remained stable at 5% annually. Percentages of women receiving ciprofloxacin increased from 1.9% in 2012 to 3.3% in 2017, while those receiving amoxicillin/clavulanic acid decreased from 2.9% to 1.8%. New guideline recommendations resulted in corresponding changes in dispensed antibiotics for uncomplicated UTI and subsequent febrile UTI. Drug choices differed for age categories.

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Chlamydia trachomatis,Ureaplasma urealyticumandNeisseria gonorrhoeaeamong Chinese women with urinary tract infections in Shanghai: A community-based cross-sectional study

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research ◽

10.1111/jog.13526 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 495-502 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wei-Hong Xu ◽

Jia-Jie Chen ◽

Qing Sun ◽

Li-Ping Wang ◽

Yi-Fei Jia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Chinese Women ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tract Infections

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Urinary tract infections and antibiotic susceptibility among the patients attending B & D hospital of Lalitpur, Nepal

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v7i5.14908 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 47-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yadav Prasad Joshi ◽

Shreejeet Shrestha ◽

Russell Kabir ◽

Anita Thapa ◽

Parbati Upreti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tract Infections

Background:Urinary tract infection is the most common bacterial infections in humans and serious health problem in many parts of the world. It has become more complicated in treatment due to different pathogens and increasing resistant to antimicrobial agents. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of urinary tract infection and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of pathogens among the patients attending in B & B hospital Nepal.Materials and Methods:A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted in between April 2010 to March 2011. Urine samples were collected from clinically suspected patients and tested bacteriologically using standard procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed for isolated pathogen using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.Results:Out of 1260 examined specimens 25.24 % were positive and majority 61.64% were females. The most common pathogens isolated were Escherichia coli (66.67%), Enterococcus (7.55%) and Staphylococcus (6.60 %). The drug resistant among the positive cases were reported. The highest resistant of positive cases was found with Cefexime (87.88%) and Enterococcus with Ampicillin (66.67%) and Staphyllococcus with Cloxacillin (66.67%). The highest susceptibility was for Vancomycin and Ampicillin i.e. 33.33% in each.Conclusion:The findings showed that E. coli isolates were the predominant pathogen and the presence of bacterial isolates with very high resistance to the commonly prescribed drugs. As drug resistance among bacterial pathogens is an evolving process and serious issue. Therefore, routine surveillance and monitoring studies should be conducted to provide physicians knowledge on the updated and most effective empirical treatment of UTIs. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(5) 2016 47-51

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The Prevalence of Bacterial Pathogens associated with Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) among Patients attending Kam Medical Consult Clinic, Uganda.

10.51168/sjhrafrica.v2i6.35 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Gerald Turyatunga

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Bacterial Pathogens ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Etiological Agents ◽

Tract Infections

Background: A urinary tract infection (UTIs) is a common type of infection caused by bacteria that travel up the urethra to the bladder. Globally, it is reported that 150 million people are diagnosed with a UTI annually, costing the world economy over 6 million US dollars in treatment and work loss. Studies conducted in the in-patients pediatric ward of Muhimbili Hospital in Tanzania and Mulago National Referral Hospital in Uganda between five to ten years reported the prevalence of UTI to be 16.8% and 14.6% respectively. On average at Kam Medical Consult Clinic, patients who turn up in the laboratory are about 20%, and 50% of patients present with recurring UTIs clinically. Therefore, there is a need to establish and investigate the prevalence of bacterial pathogens associated with UTI and multiple pathogens that are not known. Methodology: The cross-sectional study was carried out at Kam medical consult clinic (KMCC) located in Kafeero zone Mulago II Kawempe division. The study population was adults and children presenting with symptoms of urinary tract infection. 120 Midstream urine Samples were collected from patients presenting clinical signs of UTI. The diagnosis was done through macroscopy dry chemistry, microscopy, and culture. Results Among the sampled population, 33% of males had urinary tract infections while 67% of females had urinary tract infections. 88.5% were outpatients while 11.5 % were in-patients The overall prevalence of UTI among patients was 63.3% with children aged (1-10) having a prevalence of 5.8 %. Conclusion and recommendation: E.coli is an etiological agent causing UTIs in male and female patients presenting UTI at Kam Medical Consult Clinic. Other etiological agents included Klebsiella, Coliform, Enterococcus species, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas species, and candida species. There is a need to monitor the profile of etiological bacteria of UTI through culture and sensitivity regularly.

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Association between the frequency of disposable diaper changing and urinary tract infection in children

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi53.2.2013.70-5 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 70

Author(s):

Meirina Daulay ◽

Rosmayanti Siregar ◽

Oke Rina Ramayani ◽

Supriatmo Supriatmo ◽

Rafita Ramayati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Urine Culture ◽

Bacterial Count ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Disposable Diaper ◽

Disposable Diapers ◽

Tract Infections

Background Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most commoncause of fever in children. Less frequent disposable diaper changingis thought to be a cause ofUTI in children. While wearing a diapei;the perinea! area becomes damp with urine allowing bacteria tomigrate from the anus to the external urethral orifice.Objective To assess for an association between the frequencyof disposable diaper changing and urinary tract infections inchildren.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in thechildren's outpatient clinic of Haji Adam Malik Hospital fromApril to June 2010. Urine culture was performed in children withsuspected UTI who wore disposable diapers every day. Subjects'ages ranged from 2 months to 2 years 6 months, with samplesmatched and collected by consecutive sampling. Diagnosis ofUTIwas based on urine cultures with bacterial count 2:: 105/mL. Eightychildren were followed in this study and divided into two groups:positive (n=40) and negative (n=40) urine cultures. Chi squaretest was use d to analyze the association between the frequency ofdaily disposable diapers changing during a one week period andthe urine culture results.Results The frequency of daily disposable diapers changing in80 subjects was as follows: < 4 times (22.5%), 4-5 times (40%),and 2::6 times (37.5%) . The frequency of daily disposable diaperchanging in children with positive urine culture was as fo llows:< 4 times (1 8 out of 40), 4-5 times (22 out of 40), and 2::6 times(O out of 40); (P < 0.0001). The most common bacterial speciesfound in urine cultures was Escherichia coli.Conclusion Lower frequency of daily disposable diaper changingis significantly associated with higher UTI incidence in children.

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