Tuberculosis risk factors in children with smear-positive tuberculosis adult as household contact

Background Children in household contact of adults with smear-positive tuberculosis (TB) are at higher risk of TB infection. Screening of these children is a main strategy for eliminating childhood TB.Objective To determine risk factors of TB among children in household contact with smear-positive adult TB patients.Methods This case-control study was conducted in 5 public health centers at Batu Bara District, North Sumatera. We studied children from birth to 18 year-old living in the same house as adults with smear-positive TB. A tuberculosis scoring system was used to diagnosis TB in the children. Associations between risk factors and the incidence of TB were analyzed using Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, and logistic regression tests.Results We enrolled 145 children who had household contact with smear-positive adult TB patients. Subjects were allocated to either the case group [TB score >6; 61 subjects (42.0%)] or the control group [TB score <6; 84 subjects (58.0%)]. Bivariate analysis revealed that nutritional status, immunization status, number of people in the house, sleeping in the same bed, and duration of household contact had significant associations with the incidence of TB. By multivariate logistic regression analysis, nutritional status and duration of household contact were significant risk factors for TB, with OR 5.89 and 8.91, respectively.Conclusion Malnutrition and duration of household contact with smear-positive adult TB patients of more than 6 hours per day were risk factors for TB among children.

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Association of Hypertriglycerideamia with Ischaemic Stroke

Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience ◽

10.3329/bjn.v32i1.57411 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 34-38

Author(s):

Biplob Kumar Das ◽

Kanak Jyoti Mondal

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Ischaemic Stroke ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Serum Triglyceride ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽

Serum Triglyceride Level ◽

Analysis Model

Stroke is one of the foremost causes of morbidity, mortality and is a socioeconomic challenge. This is particularly true for developing countries like Bangladesh, where health support system including the rehabilitation system is not within the reach of common people. Hypertriglycerademia has an effective influence in the pathogenesis of Ischaemic Stroke (IS). So, the focus of this study was to evaluate and assess the association of serum triglyceride level in patients of IS. This case control study was carried out in the Department of Neurology in collaboration with Department of Biochemistry, BSMMU, Dhaka from July 2011 to June 2013. In this study, 60 diagnosed cases of ischaemic stroke patients and 60 age and sex matched healthy controls were enrolled. Risk factors of Ischemic Stroke (IS) patients were assessed ( adjusted Odds Ratio) in comparison with healthy adults. In this study, being married [OR. 1.95, 95% CI (0.40-9.42), p=0.409] , smoker [OR.1.65, 95% CI (0.57 - 4.82),p= 0.357], DM [OR. 1.48, 95% CI (0.36-6.06), p=0.582 ], IHD [OR. 1.51, 95% CI (0.29 – 7.89), p=0.624] , HTN [OR. 3.66, 95% CI (1.11–12.12), p=0.033] , overweight [OR.2.31, 95% CI (0.77 – 6.91), 0.135] and obesity [OR. 16.19, 95% CI (1.31–200.6), p=0.030] , increased level of serum TC [OR.8.24, 95% CI (2.07 – 32.83), p=0.003], TG [OR. 9.40, 95% CI (1.17 -75.86), p=0.035], LDL [OR. 0.45, 95% CI (0.10–2.05), p=0.308],and decreased level of HDL [OR. 3.37, 95% CI (1.03 - 12.25), p=0.045] were found as risk factors in developing IS. Independent t-test was done to find out the statistically significant differences of continuous variables like serum lipid profile between case and control group. The mean (SD) value of TG which is focus of this study, was found 237.67 (61.74) in case group, and 169.97 (26.95) in control group which was highly statistically significant (p < 0.0001). All of the significant variables were entered into stepwise logistic regression analysis model. From the logistic regression model, it can be finally concluded that hypertension, obesity, increased level of TC, increased level of TG and decreased level of HDL were statistically significant risk factors for development of IS. Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2016; Vol. 32 (1): 34-38

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Risk factors for mortality in children with Wilms tumor

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi56.4.2016.226-9 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 226

Author(s):

Yuni Purwanti ◽

Sutaryo Sutaryo ◽

Sri Mulatsih ◽

Pungky Ardani Kusuma

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Wilms Tumor ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Stage Iii ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Potential Risk Factors

Background Wilms tumor is the most common renal malignancy in children (95%) and one of the leading causes of death in children, with high mortality rates in developing countries. Identifying risk factors for mortality is important in order to provide early intervention to improve cure rates.Objective To identify risk factors for mortality in children with Wilms tumor.Methods We performed a case-control study of children (0-18 years of age) with Wilms tumor admitted to Dr. Sardjito Hospital between 2005 and 2012. The case group consisted of children who died of Wilms tumor, whereas the control group were children who survived. Data were collected from medical records. Statistical analyses using Chi-square and logistic regression tests were done to determine odds ratios and 95% CI of the potential risk factors for mortality from Wilms tumor.Results Thirty-five children with Wilms tumor were admitted to Dr. Sardjito Hospital during the study period. Nine (26%) children died and 26 survived. Stage ≥III was a significant risk factor for mortality in chidren with Wilms tumor (OR 62.8; 95%CI 5.6 to 70.5). Age ≥2 years (OR 1.4; 95%CI 0.1 to 14.3) and male sex (OR 1.2; 95%CI 0.1 to 10.8) were not significant risk factors for mortality.Conclusion Stage ≥III is a risk factor for mortality in children with Wilms tumor.

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HUBUNGAN STATUS GIZI DENGAN KEJADIAN PIODERMA PADA BALITA DI DESA KUOK

PREPOTIF : Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat ◽

10.31004/prepotif.v4i2.1007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 210-216

Author(s):

Siska Indriyani ◽

Alini Alini

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Case Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Group Data ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Analytical Research ◽

Nutritional Status Of Children

Children under the age of five or under five are a group that is prone to nutrition, because they are prone to malnutrition due to lack of food needed. Malnutrition in children will cause decreased immunity, which means that the ability to defend themselves against bacterial infection decreases. Children who have less nutritional status have the potential to suffer from pyoderma. Lack of the amount of food consumed both in quality and quantity can reduce the nutritional status of children. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between nutritional status and the incidence of pyoderma in toddlers (1-5 years) in Kuok Village, the working area of Puskesmas Kuok in 2020. This study used an analytical research design with a case control design. The sample in this study were 62 children (1-5 years). 31 samples for the case group and 31 samples for the control group. data collection through questionnaires. Data processing used univariate and bivariate analysis with the Chi-Square test. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between nutritional status and the incidence of pyoderma in toddlers (1-5 years) with p value = 0.001. By holding this research, the researchers expected parents of toddlers to pay more attention to the nutritional status of their children in order to avoid infectious diseases such as pyoderma.

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FAKTOR RISIKO KEPADATAN LALAT DAN SANITASI RUMAH DENGAN KEJADIAN DIARE DI KELURAHAN TANJUNG PINANG KOTA JAMBI TAHUN 2017

Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi ◽

10.33087/jiubj.v18i1.449 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 208

Author(s):

Listautin Listautin

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Health Department ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Chi Square Test

Diarrhea is one of health problem in the world including Indonesia. The Morbidity survey undertaken by Sub-Directorate of diarrhea, Health Department from 2007 to 2010is improved. According to the data gained from Puskesmas in Tanjung Pinang Jambi in 2017, it is found out that 5 different districs in Tanjung Pinang are the district which has the highest rate of diarrhea sufferers. The aim of this study is to find out the risk factors of the flies density and the dwelling sanitation to the occurance of diarrhea in Tanjung Pinang Jambi in 2017. This study is quantitative study by using case control design. The sample of this study is 68 people who consists of 34 samples of case group and 34 samples of control group. This study is analyzed through univariate and bivariate analysis by using chi-square test. The instruments of this study are the reviewed document, ceklist, and the measurement through fly grill. The result of analysis are found out that toilet is the main risk factor for the occurance of diarrhea with odds ratio (OR) value is 3,519. Sewerage (SPAL) is one the risk factor of the diarrhea occurance with odds ratio (OR) value is 3,361. The waste is the other risk factors for the occurance of diarrhea with odds ratio (OR) value is 4,418. The flies density is the protective factor for the diarrhea occurance with odds ratio (OR) value is 0,773.Based on the result of this study, it can be concluded that it is necesarry to do the coorporation across program to optimize the noticing of information to public concerning on the importance of good dwelling sanitation and the low flies density in order to avoid from the occurance of diarrhea.Keyword : Diarrhea, Dwelling Sanitation, Flies Density

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ANALISIS FAKTOR RESIKO PAPARAN PESTISIDA PADA KEHAMILAN DENGAN KEJADIAN BERAT BADAN LAHIR RENDAH (BBLR) DI KOTA PADANGSIDIMPUAN TAHUN 2019

JURNAL KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT & GIZI (JKG) ◽

10.35451/jkg.v3i1.477 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 39-47

Author(s):

Fithri Handayani Lubis

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Pesticide Exposure ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

History Of ◽

Agricultural Areas ◽

And Storage

Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the main causes of infant mortality. The problem that arises is whether there is a relationship between risk factors for pesticide exposure during pregnancy and the incidence of LBW in agricultural areas. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors for pesticide exposure associated with LBW incidence. This research is a case control study. Subjects were divided into two groups: a case group of 25 farmers with a history of giving birth to LBW and a control group who were neighbors of case subjects without a history of giving birth to LBW, a total of 25 farmers. This research data collection using interviews and observations. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate analysis (chi square and fisher as alternatives). Research results: risk factors for exposure to pesticides that have been shown to be associated with the incidence of LBW in Padangsidimpuan, include: occupation of pregnant women related to pesticides (OR = 6,769) completeness of personal protective equipment (PPE) while doing activities in the fields (OR = 18,857) and storage pesticides (OR = 12,667). The recommended advice is to avoid work that is directly related to pesticides during pregnancy, if you have to participate in agricultural activities, pregnant women should use complete PPE.

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Prognostic Analysis and Risk Factors Associated with Fetal Ventriculomegaly

Pediatric Neurosurgery ◽

10.1159/000516378 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Qi-Ming Li ◽

Hong-Zhan Liao ◽

Wen-Bo Wang ◽

Shi-Yi Zeng ◽

Xian-Sheng Qiu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Width Ratio ◽

Case Group ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Prognostic Analysis ◽

Fetal Ventriculomegaly

Background: This study aimed to investigate the clinical outcome and related risk factors of fetal lateral ventriculomegaly (VM). Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 255 cases diagnosed as fetal VM. Prenatal imaging examination was carried out. The pregnancy outcomes were investigated through follow-up. According to the prognosis of children, they were divided into case group and control group. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing the prognosis of hydrocephalus. Results: After excluding the cases with either loss of follow-up or incomplete information, 102 cases were followed up. Twelve cases with poor prognosis were set as the case group. According to the maternal age, gestational age, gender of children, and follow-up time, 3 cases were selected from the other 90 cases for each child in the case group, respectively, and selected as the control group. Paired comparative analysis was performed on 48 cases. Using prognosis as a dependent variable, multivariate logistic regression analysis of the statistically significant factors indicated that the change speed of width ratio (CSWR) and maximum lateral ventricular width (MW) were associated with fetal prognosis. Conclusions: Our results suggested that CSWR and MW may have the value of predicting fetal prognosis.

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Faktor Risiko Kegagalan Pengobatan Ulang Pasien Tuberkulosis di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat ◽

10.22146/bkm.18137 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 33 (9) ◽

pp. 433

Author(s):

Suharna Suharna ◽

Ning Rintiswati

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Tracking System ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

District Health ◽

Chi Square ◽

Tuberculosis Patients ◽

Complete Treatment

Risk factors of unsuccess retreatment among tuberculosis patients in YogyakartaPurposeThe purpose of this study was to identify risk factors related to unsuccessful retreatment of tuberculosis cases in Yogyakarta. MethodsA case-control study was conducted at the health offices of five districts from the tuberculosis registry (TB 03 and TB 01) since 2008-2014. Case group criterion was defined as unsuccessful retreatment of tuberculosis patients, whereas the control group consisted of successful retreatment of tuberculosis patients (cure or complete treatment). A total of 142 cases and 142 controls were analysed with univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. Chi-square tests were conducted with p<0.05 and odds ratio (OR) at confidence interval 95%. Results Bivariate analysis showed that regular taking of a drug, conversion of acid-fast bacilli, and type of health services were statistically related to unsuccessful retreatment tuberculosis. Logistic regression showed that regular taking of a drug (p=0.000; OR=29.52; 95%CI=10.97-79.4) was the strongest risk factor related to unsuccessful retreatment of tuberculosis. ConclusionThe strongest risk factor was regularly taking of a drug. District health offices need to conduct a tracking system of patients who do not take medication on schedule, ensuring regular tuberculosis medication, correct medication, and sputum examination of late-stage intensive tuberculosis patients.

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Risk Factors of Stunting in Kedisan, Gianyar District, Bali, Indonesia

Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi ◽

10.20473/jbe.v9i32021.266-274 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 266

Author(s):

Luh Gede Pradnyawati ◽

Dewa Ayu Putu Ratna Juwita ◽

Nia Reviani

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

High School ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

School Education ◽

High School Education ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Complementary Foods

Background: Stunting is a nutritional status based on measurements of the Length-for-Age or Height-for-Age index of the anthropometric standards assessment of nutritional status of children. The report of the Public Health Center (PHC) of Tegallalang I revealed the largest number of stunting cases in Kedisan Village, with 28 toddlers suffering from stunting based on 2017 data. Purpose: This study aims to investigate the risk factors associated with stunting at Kedisan Village, Tegallalang Sub-district, Gianyar District. Methods: This is an analytic study employing a case-control approach. Sampling was carried out using a total sampling technique; that is, by utilizing all cases of children under five who were declared stunted in the village in question (a total of 28 cases). The case:control ratio used was 1:1; thus, the total sample used in the study was 56 samples from May 2017. Bivariate analysis was conducted using a chi-square test. Results: The majority of respondents were employed (i.e., 67.80% in the case group and 53.50% in the control group); in terms of the most recent level of education, 35.70% of respondents in the case group had a junior high school education, while 46.40% in the control group had a senior high school education. The results of the bivariate analysis found that the risk factor that was most significantly related with the incidence of stunting was complementary foods with breast milk (p = 0.03; OR: 4.63), while other risk factors were not related to the occurrence of stunting. Conclusions: The factor that influenced the occurrence of stunting in Kedisan Village was complementary foods with breast milk.

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Berat Badan, Panjang Badan dan Faktor Genetik sebagai Prediktor Terjadinya Stunted pada Anak Sekolah

JURNAL NUTRISIA ◽

10.29238/jnutri.v19i2.257 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 95

Author(s):

Hetriana Leksananingsih ◽

Slamet Iskandar ◽

Tri Siswati

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

School Children ◽

Genetic Factors ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Chi Square ◽

Normal Birth ◽

Chi Square Test

Background: Riskesdas in 2013 showed that Yogyakarta (DIY) had a prevalence of stunted new kid in school is less than the national average, which is 14.9% (MOH, 2013). Stunted or short, is a linear growth retardation has been widely used as an indicator to measure the nutritional status of individuals and community groups. Stunted can be influenced by several factors: birth weight, birth length match and genetic factors. Objective: To determine the weight, length of low birth weight and genetic factors as predictors of the occurrence of stunted on elementary school children. Methods: The study was a case control analytic. Research sites in SD Muhammadiyah Ngijon 1 Subdistrict Moyudan. The study was conducted in May and June 2015. The subjects were school children grade 1 to grade 5 the number of cases as many as 47 children and 94 control children. With the inclusion criteria of research subjects willing to become respondents, was present at the time of the study, they have a father and mother, and exclusion criteria have no data BB and PB birth, can not stand upright. The research variables are BBL, PBL, genetic factors and TB / U at this time. Data were analyzed by chi-square test and Odd Ratio (OR) calculation. Results: In case group as much as 91.5% of normal birth weight and length of 80.9% of normal birth weight, most of the height of a normal mother and father as many as 85.1%. In the control group as much as 78.7% of normal birth weight and 61.7% were born normal body length, height mostly normal mom and dad that 96.7% of women and 90.4% normal normal father. Statistical test result is no significant correlation between height mothers with stunted incidence in school children, and the results of chi-square test P = 0.026 with value Odd Ratio (OR) of 3.9 and a range of values from 1.091 to 14.214 Cl95%. Conclusion: High maternal body of mothers can be used as predictors of the occurrence of stunted school children and mothers with stunted nutritional status have 3.9 times the risk of having children with stunted nutritional status.

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Risk Factors of Recurrent Ischemic Events after Acute Noncardiogenic Ischemic Stroke

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612825666191029103756 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (45) ◽

pp. 4827-4834 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Limin Zhang ◽

Xingang Li ◽

Dongzhi Wang ◽

Hong Lv ◽

Xuezhong Si ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Operating Characteristic ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Clopidogrel Therapy ◽

Ischemic Events

Background: A considerable proportion of acute noncardiogenic ischemic stroke patients continue to experience recurrent ischemic events after standard therapy. Aim: We aimed to identify risk factors for recurrent ischemic event prediction at an early stage. Methods : 286 non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke patients with the onset of symptoms within 24 hours were enrolled. Vascular risk factors, routine laboratory data on admission, thromboelastography test seven days after clopidogrel therapy and any recurrent events within one year were assessed. Patients were divided into case group (patients with clinical adverse events, including ischemic stokes, transient ischemic attack, myocardial infarction and vascular related mortality) and control group (events-free patients). The risk of the recurrent ischemic events was determined by the receiver operating characteristic curve and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: Clinical adverse events were observed in 43 patients (case group). The mean levels of Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), Platelet/Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), Lymphocyte Count (LY) and Fibrinogen (Fib) on admission were significantly higher in the case group as compared to the control group (P<0.001). Seven days after clopidogrel therapy, the ADP-induced platelet inhibition rate (ADP%) level was lower in the case group, while the Maximum Amplitude (MA) level was higher in the case group as compared to the control group (P<0.01). The Area Under the Curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve of LY, PLR, , Fib, MA, ADP% and MPV were 0.602, 0.614, 0.629, 0.770, 0.800 and 0.808, respectively. The logistic regression analysis showed that MPV, ADP% and MA were indeed predictive factors. Conclusion: MPV, ADP% and MA were risk factors of recurrent ischemic events after acute noncardiogenic ischemic stroke. Urgent assessment and individual drug therapy should be offered to these patients as soon as possible.

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