Consanguinity and congenital heart disease in offspring

Background Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a common congenital abnormality in children. Consanguineous marriage has been identified as a risk factor of CHD. There was an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance seen in children with some forms of congenital heart disease.Objective To assess the possible association between consanguineous marriage and congenital heart disease incidence in the offspring.Methods A case-control study was conducted from March to May 2016 on pediatric patients at H. Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan. Subjects were allocated into two groups, 100 children with CHD in the case group, and the rest in the control group. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and logistic regression tests. In the present study, P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results In the case group, 14 patients (14%) were born of consanguineous marriages. In the control group, only 5 patients (5%) were born of consanguineous marriages. There was a significant association between consanguineous marriage and CHD (OR 1.551; 95%CI 1.138 to 2.113). Based on the result of multivariate analysis, consanguineous marriage was a risk factor for CHD in offspring (Wald=4.525; P=0.033).Conclusion Consanguineous marriage is a risk factor for CHD in offspring.

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Prevalence of Factors Associated with Congenital Heart Disease

Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Annals ◽

10.5812/mca.106026 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol In Press (In Press) ◽

Author(s):

Parvin Akbari Asbagh ◽

Ali Rabbani ◽

Nahid Vafaei ◽

Saeede Mohammadalizadeh Rastegar ◽

Ehsan Aghaei Moghadam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Congenital Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Drug Use ◽

Maternal Age ◽

Congenital Heart ◽

Genetic Factors ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Factors Associated ◽

History Of

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital disorder in neonates. Many factors are associated with the occurrence of the CHD, including genetic factors, teratogenic exposure and several other unrecognized factors. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the role of several potential factors associated with the occurrence of CHD. Methods: This study was conducted as a cross-sectional case-control study, in Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran. A total of 1338 known cases of CHD, diagnosed by echocardiography or angiography and 1201 healthy children as the controls were included in this study. Factors that could have an association with CHD were investigated by a questionnaire from all participants. Results: Maternal age above 30 years (P-value < 0.001), positive parents’ consanguinity (P-value < 0.001) and previous maternal history of abortion (P-value < 0.001) was significantly higher among patients with CHD; furthermore, positive history of CHD among siblings of the known cases of CHD was higher than healthy ones (P-value < 0.001). The mean birth weight in case and control group were 3 (+ 0.648) and 2.9 (+ 0.707) kilograms, respectively. The maternal age in 983 (73.4%) cases and 960 (79.93%) controls was below the 30 years, the maternal age for other participants was above the 30 years (P-value < 0.001). Conclusions: All factors except the history of stillbirth, maternal underlying disease and drug use during pregnancy in the case group were significantly different with the control group. It seems that the causes of CHD in Iran are most commonly related to the hereditary genetic factors, and the increased maternal age, drug use, and underlying diseases in the mother are a matter of less importance.

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A multicenter case-control study on non-genetic risk factors in infants with congenital heart disease

10.21203/rs.2.16559/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Wei Ye ◽

Xiao-Long Deng ◽

Sheng Huang ◽

Tong-Qiang Zhang ◽

Qi-Zhu Tang

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Congenital Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Genetic Risk ◽

Congenital Heart ◽

Perinatal Period ◽

Genetic Risk Factors ◽

General Situation ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group

Abstract Background: The incidence of congenital heart disease (CHD) is growing at a rapid speed worldwide, which due to changes of both environmental and lifestyle exposures. This study aimed to explore how the non-genetic risk factors of maternal and perinatal conditions influenced onset of CHD in infants.Methods: Infants with congenital heart disease diagnosed by echocardiography from May 2012 to December 2013 were recruited as positive cases, while healthy individuals without congenital heart disease recruited at the same period were regarded as controls. The general situation of parents and the exposure to environmental factors during perinatal period in the case group and the control group were investigated by questionnaires.Results: A total of424 questionnaires of infants with congenital heart disease and 362 healthy controls were finally collected. We analyzed the risk factors during perinatal period of their mothers showed that their mothers took drugs in early pregnancy (odds ratio [OR]=4.41, 95 % confidence interval [CI]:2.41-6.73), viral infection (OR = 2.97, 95% CI: 1.62-5.73), house decoration (OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.43-3.75), hair dyeing and scalding (OR = 2.24, 95% CI:1.46-4.05), parents' exposures to work environment pollution (OR = 2.77, 95% CI: 2.03-5.38) were independent risk factors for cardiovascular malformations. With the increase of exposure factors, the risk of congenital heart disease increased significantly. When pregnant women were exposed to three or more risk factors at the same time, the risk of infants with congenital heart disease in was 17.24 times higher than that of single-factor exposure.Conclusions: Together, the incidence of CHD in infants is correlated with the exposure to perinatal risk factors.

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STUDY OF CONSANGUINITY AS A RISK FACTOR FOR CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE IN PEDIATRIC AGE GROUP.

10.36106/gjra/2711379 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 126-128

Author(s):

Vinita Tiriya ◽

Aditi Lingayat ◽

Aziz Farookh ◽

Amit Rathod

Keyword(s):

Congenital Heart Disease ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Ventricular Septal Defect ◽

Congenital Heart ◽

Septal Defect ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Age Group ◽

Female Ratio

Introduction: Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are multifactorial in etiology. Consanguinity could increase the likelihood of Congenital Heart Disease. So, we studied correlation between parental consanguineous marriages with CHDs in children aged 0-12 years. Material and method:Conrmed cases of CHDs diagnosed by clinical examination and echocardiography in age group of 0- 12 years were enrolled in study group. Children without any CHDs matched for age but not for gender, ethnicity or social class were enrolled in control group. Results: During study period,50 patients (male 26, female 24) were enrolled in study group and 50 patients (male 27, female 23) in control group. In study group,43 (86%) parents of patients found to have consanguinity while in the control group, 20 (40%) parents of patients were found to have consanguinity. Most common congenital heart disease seen was Ventricular Septal Defect in 19 (38%) patients. Mortality rate was 8% in study group and 2% in control group. Conclusion:Most common age group in patients with CHD was 0-1 years. Male to female ratio was equal in (1.08:1) in patients with CHD. Commonest symptom in patients with CHD was respiratory distress and fever. Maximum CHD patient's parent had rd 3 degree consanguineous marriage. We found Consanguinity as a risk factor for congenital heart disease in Hindus and Muslims. Most common congenital heart disease was Ventricular Septal Defect. In the present study majority of the patients of CHD survived.

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Red Cell Distribution Width as a Prognostic Indicator in Pediatric Heart Disease and after Surgery

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/681679 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Vural Polat ◽

Sahin Iscan ◽

Mustafa Etli ◽

Helin El Kılıc ◽

Özgür Gürsu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Congenital Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Congenital Heart ◽

Red Cell Distribution Width ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Red Cell ◽

Cell Distribution ◽

Distribution Width

Background. Red cell distribution width (RDW) is an important marker which reflects inflammatory activity in many chronic diseases. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of RDW on morbidity and mortality before and after pediatric congenital heart surgery.Methods. 107 patients with congenital heart disease, cardiac case group, and 70 patients, control group, without heart disease were retrospectively analyzed. Pre-, and postoperative and at discharge RDW of the cardiac patients were determined. Lengths of hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stay and exited patients were determined.Results. Mean lengths of ICU and hospital stay were3.3±2.7and7.3±2.9days. In control group, mean preoperative RDW was12.6±1.4, while in cardiac case group it was significantly higher (15.1±3.5). In cardiac case group, postoperative RDW were significantly higher than preoperative period, while RDW at discharge were significantly lower than postoperative estimates. A significant and a positive correlation was detected between lengths of ICU and hospital stay and RDW. RDW of the exited patients were significantly higher than the survivors.Conclusions. This study demonstrates that RDW can be used as an important indicator in the prediction of morbidity and mortality during pre-, and postoperative period of the pediatric congenital heart disease surgery.

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The level of superoxide dismutase and catalase in acyanotic congenital heart disease children with heart failur

GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.30574/gscbps.2021.16.1.0206 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 150-156

Author(s):

Henry Wicaksono ◽

Mahrus A Rahman ◽

Roedi Irawan ◽

I Ketut Alit Utamayasa ◽

Teddy Ontoseno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Congenital Heart Disease ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Congenital Heart ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease

Background: The most common complication in acyanotic congenital heart disease (CHD) is heart failure which definitive diagnosis and therapy remain unsatisfactory. Heart failure’s progression is often associated with oxidative stress process. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is the first line antioxidant of defense against superoxide anion. While Catalase (CAT) breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen molecules which complements previous detoxification carried out by SOD. Objective: This study aimed to compare the differences of SOD and CAT levels in acyanotic CHD patients between those with and without heart failure. Methods: A case-control study was conducted on three to ten years old children with a left-to-right shunt acyanotic CHD with and without heart failure in the Pediatric Cardiology outpatient clinic, ward, and emergency room of Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya from April-July 2020. Echocardiography was used to establish the diagnosis of CHD, while Pediatric Heart Failure Score (PHFS) criteria was used to indicate heart failure. T-test was undertaken for analysing the difference between both groups. Results: The total samples were 41 children, consisted of 29 subjects in the case group (CHD with heart failure) and 12 subjects in the control group (without heart failure). The level of SOD in CHD with heart failure was lower (74.670+15.705) than those without it (109.163+3.111) (p<0.05). In contrast, level of CAT in CHD with heart failure was higher (25.895) than those without it (13.976) (p<0.05). Conclusion: There was a significant difference of SOD and CAT levels in acyanotic CHD between those with and without heart failure.

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Oral contraceptive use and conotruncal congenital heart disease

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi54.6.2014.309-13 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 54 (6) ◽

pp. 309

Author(s):

Mars Nashrah Abdullah ◽

Muhammad Ali ◽

Melda Deliana ◽

Tina Christina L. Tobing

Keyword(s):

Congenital Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Oral Contraceptive ◽

Congenital Heart ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Oral Contraceptive Use ◽

Student’S T ◽

Control Study

Background Congenital heart disease (CHD) represents some of the more prevalent malformations among live births andremains the leading cause of death from congenital malformations.Conotruncal anomalies comprise a diverse group of CHDinvolving the outflow tracts of the heart and the great vessels.Oral contraceptive exposure before pregnancy may be one of therisk factors for conotruncal CHD.Objective To evaluate the effect of oral contraceptive use beforepregnancy on the risk of conotruncal CHD in children.Methods A case-control study was conducted from July 2010until July 2011 in Haji Adam Malik Hospital, Medan. Subjectswith CHD were divided into two groups: conotruncal CHD asthe case group and non-conotruncal CHD as the control group.Both groups had mothers with and without histories of oralcontraceptive use before pregnancy. Parents were interviewedusing questionnaires. Statistical analyses were performed usingChi-square test, student’s T-test, and Mann Whitney test.Results A total of 80 subjects were eligible, with 40 subjects ineach group. The percentages of subjects whose mothers used oralcontraceptives were 62% of the conotruncal CHD group and60% of the non-conotruncal CHD group (OR 0.82; 95%CI 0.33to 1.98). The mean duration of maternal oral contraceptive usebefore pregnancy was 19.1 months for the case group and 18.8months for the control group (P=0.87).Conclusion In children with CHD, maternal oral contraceptiveuse before pregnancy does not appear to increase the risk ofconotruncal CHD.

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Genetic polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase as a potential risk factor for congenital heart disease

Medicine ◽

10.1097/md.0000000000007057 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 96 (23) ◽

pp. e7057 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ye Yuan ◽

Xia Yu ◽

Fenglan Niu ◽

Na Lu

Keyword(s):

Congenital Heart Disease ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Genetic Polymorphism ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Congenital Heart ◽

Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽

Potential Risk Factor

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Quality of life in children with congenital heart disease after cardiac surgery

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi57.6.2017.285-90 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 57 (6) ◽

pp. 285

Author(s):

Sindy Atmadja ◽

Tina Christina Tobing ◽

Rita Evalina ◽

Sri Sofyani ◽

Muhammad Ali

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

At Risk ◽

Congenital Heart Disease ◽

Cardiac Surgery ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Congenital Heart ◽

Case Group ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Social Emotional

Background Major achievements in congenital heart disease (CHD) treatment over the past 20 years have altered the course and prognosis of CHD. Improvement of quality of life (QoL) is now a major goal of CHD treatment.Objective To assess the QoL in children after cardiac surgery for CHD.Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in children aged 2 to 18 years. The case group had 20 children with a history of corrective heart surgery in the 12 months prior to the study. The control group had 20 healthy children, age-matched to the case group. The QoL of both groups was assessed by Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) Generic Core Scales. The same post-operative children were also assessed with the PedsQL Cardiac Module. Data were analyzed using T-test with P < 0.05 as the level of significance.Results This study recruited 40 subjects: 20 post-operative and 20 healthy children. PedsQL Generic Core Scales assessment showed significant differences between groups in the physical function parameter of QoL (P<0.05) in children aged 13-18 years, but there were no significant differences in the social, emotional, and school function parameters. In children aged 2-12 years, there were no significant differences in physical, social, emotional, or school parameters. The PedsQL Cardiac Module assessment revealed that 35% of post-operative children was at risk for physical appearance problems, 80% was at risk for anxiety problems, 40% was at risk for cognitive problems, and 80% was at risk for communication problems.Conclusion Thirteen to 18-year-old children with non complex CHD have poorer physical function than healthy children. Post operative children are at risk for physical appearance, anxiety, cognitive, and communication problems.

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Cyanotic congenital heart disease: Impact on growth and endocrine functions.

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2021.28.10.5471 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (10) ◽

pp. 1477-1483

Author(s):

Muhammad Sohail Arshad ◽

Waqas Imran Khan ◽

Arif Zulqarnain ◽

Hafiz Muhammad Anwar-ul-Haq ◽

Mudasser Adnan

Keyword(s):

Congenital Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Congenital Heart ◽

Pulmonary Stenosis ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease ◽

P Value ◽

Common Diagnosis ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Impact

Objective: To find out the impact of Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease (CCHD) on growth and endocrine functions at a tertiary care child healthcare facility of South Punjab. Study Design: Case Control study. Setting: Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Institute of Child’s Health (ICH), Multan, Pakistan. Period: December 2018 to March 2020. Material & Methods: During the study period, a total of 53 cases of Echocardiography confirmed CCHD were registered. Along with 53 cases, 50 controls during the study period were also enrolled. Height, weight, body mass index (BMI) along with hormonal and biochemical laboratory investigations were done. Results: There was no significant difference between gender and age among cases and controls (p value>0.05). Most common diagnosis of CCHD among cases, 24 (45.3%) were Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) followed by 9 (17.0%) transposition of the great arteries (TGA) with Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) with Pulmonary Stenosis (PS). Mean weight of CCHD cases was significantly lower in comparison to controls (21.19+6.24 kg vs. 26.48+8.1 kg, p value=0.0003). Blood glucose was significantly lower among cases in comparison to controls (77.58+14.58 mg/dl vs. 87.25+11.82 mg/dl, p value=0.0004). No significant difference was found in between cases and controls in terms of various hormone levels studied (p value>0.05) except Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) levels (p value<0.0001). Conclusion: Children with cyanotic congenital heart disease seem to have negative effects on nutrition and growth. Change in pituitary-adrenal axis is suspected while pituitary-thyroid axis seemed to be working fine among CCHD cases. Serum glucose and IGF-1 levels were significantly decreased among CCHD cases.

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