The Status and Implications of Human Antibiotics Usage in Companion Animals

Companion animals and pets can be helpful during the novel coronavirus-19 pandemic. Interactions with them and positive physical contact lead to a variety of physiological and psychological benefits. It also releases biochemicals which can further boost the immune system and enhance health and well-being. This perspective discusses the benefits of these interactions, the modes of interactions and the activities that can be used. It also highlights the individuals that should avoid this approach and the status of the animal’s health before engaging with them.

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Foreword: A perspective on the role of emerging technologies for the propagation of companion animals, non-domestic and endangered species

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rd07091 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. iii ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Monique C. J. Paris ◽

Gabriela F. Mastromonaco ◽

Damien B. B. P. Paris ◽

Rebecca L. Krisher

Keyword(s):

Endangered Species ◽

Emerging Technologies ◽

Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽

Companion Animals ◽

Reproductive Technologies ◽

Reproductive Physiology ◽

In Vitro Fertilisation ◽

Genetic Management ◽

The Status

Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have been used successfully in humans, domestic and laboratory species for many years. In contrast, our limited knowledge of basic reproductive physiology has restricted the application of ART in companion animal, non-domestic and endangered species (CANDES). Although there are numerous benefits, and in some cases a necessity, for applying ART for the reproductive and genetic management of CANDES, the challenges encountered with even the most basic procedures have limited the rate of progress. In this foreword we discuss the status of conventional ART, such as artificial insemination and in vitro fertilisation, as well as their benefits and inherent difficulties when applied to CANDES. It is upon these techniques, and ultimately our knowledge of basic reproductive physiology, that the success of emerging technologies, such as those described in this special issue, are dependent for success.

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Animals as Legal Subjects

The Oxford Handbook of Animal Studies ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199927142.013.13 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 166-188

Author(s):

Paul Waldau

Keyword(s):

Companion Animals ◽

Legal Rights ◽

Legal Person ◽

Animal Protection ◽

Legal Personhood ◽

Nonhuman Animals ◽

The Status ◽

Intelligence Support ◽

Legal Subjects ◽

Education And Society

This chapter contrasts the dominant sense of the phrase “animals as legal subjects,” which minimizes fundamental protections for nonhuman animals, with alternative senses of the same phrase that focus on nonhuman animals’ realities, such as consciousness and intelligence. Support for the alternatives comes from developments within different domains, including legal education and society more broadly, where the meaning of such phrases as “legal person,” “legal personhood,” and “legal rights” is being debated regarding companion animals, wildlife, and many other forms of life. The upshot of the debate taking place over the status of nonhuman animals in law and broader phenomenon of human exceptionalism is a wide-ranging discussion of additional forms of animal protection.

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Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance in Serratia spp. and Citrobacter spp. Isolates from Companion Animals in Japan: Nosocomial Dissemination of Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Citrobacter freundii

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms7030064 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 64 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kazuki Harada ◽

Takae Shimizu ◽

Hiroichi Ozaki ◽

Yui Kimura ◽

Tadashi Miyamoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Susceptibility Testing ◽

Companion Animals ◽

Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Sequence Type ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

The Status ◽

Pfge Profiles

In many countries including Japan, the status of emerging antimicrobial resistance among Serratia spp. and Citrobacter spp. in companion animals remains unknown because these genera are rarely isolated from animals. In this study, 30 Serratia spp. and 23 Citrobacter spp. isolates from companion animals underwent susceptibility testing for 10 antimicrobials. Phenotypic and genetic approaches were used to identify the mechanisms of extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC). Subsequently, ESC-resistant Citrobacter spp. strains underwent multilocus sequence typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). A significantly higher rate (34.8%) of ESC resistance was observed in Citrobacter spp. isolates than in Serratia spp. isolates (0%). ESC resistance was detected in five C. freundii strains, two C. portucalensis strains, and one C. koseri strain. All of the ESC-resistant Citrobacter spp. strains harbored CMY-type and/or DHA-type AmpC β-lactamases. Three C. freundii strains harbored the CTX-M-3-type extended-spectrum β-lactamases. Notably, the three blaCTX-3-producing and two blaCMY-117-bearing C. freundii strains (obtained from different patients in one hospital) had the same sequence type (ST156 and ST18, respectively) and similar PFGE profiles. We believe that ESC-resistant Citrobacter spp. are important nosocomial pathogens in veterinary medicine. Therefore, infection control in animal hospitals is essential to prevent dissemination of these resistant pathogens.

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The Association Between French Veterinary Practice Characteristics and Their Revenues and Veterinarian's Time Use

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2021.675028 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Ikram Abdouttalib ◽

Youba Ndiaye ◽

Ahmed Ferchiou ◽

Didier Raboisson ◽

Guillaume Lhermie

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Time Use ◽

Animal Health ◽

Companion Animals ◽

Pet Food ◽

Practice Characteristics ◽

Health Market ◽

The Status ◽

General Practices ◽

Time Required

The provision of healthcare by veterinarians consists of a blend of activities ensuring welfare for animals. It also contributes in the control of infectious diseases and food safety. In general practices, most of the activities generate incomes for veterinarians, notably acts (consultations, surgery, etc.) and sales (drugs, pet food, etc.). Increased size of veterinary practices and the arrival of corporate companies modify the veterinary landscape in many countries. In a context of rapid growth of the companion animal health market, the question of the profitability of veterinary activities is relevant. Indeed, beyond a certain threshold, veterinarians may be tempted to leave behind food-producing animals' acts and focus on companion animals' acts, which are generally recognized to be more profitable and more attractive for new generations of veterinarians. A survey was conducted in French veterinary mixed practices, and a regression analysis was used to quantify the relationships between the turnover and the characteristics of veterinary practices, the time to perform veterinary acts, and the characteristics of veterinarians. We found that the characteristics of veterinary practices are positively associated with the turnover and the price of acts, and that there was an association between the status of veterinarians (associate, collaborator, or employee) and the time required to perform companion animals' and food-producing animals' acts. The present study is the first study showing the association between the characteristics of veterinary practices and the turnover, by investigating the price of veterinary acts and the time required.

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Pets and Domesticated Animals in the Atlantic World

Atlantic History ◽

10.1093/obo/9780199730414-0131 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Abel Alves

Keyword(s):

19Th Century ◽

Atlantic World ◽

Companion Animals ◽

Social Standing ◽

Domesticated Animals ◽

Nonhuman Animals ◽

The Status ◽

Human Perceptions ◽

The 19Th Century ◽

Black Beauty

While some might think that the study of pets and domesticated animals in the Atlantic world is a relatively recent phenomenon, there were a few pioneering efforts prior to the discipline-defining work of Alfred W. Crosby Jr., William Cronon, Harriet Ritvo, and Keith Thomas. Today, under the influence of individuals like Virginia deJohn Anderson and Erica Fudge, the field is expanding through a willingness to study the agency of nonhuman animals and the relationships that were formed between them and humans of different ethnicities and estates. In the spirit of James Serpell’s call to seek out instances of pet-keeping beyond the 19th-century European bourgeoisie, there is also a focus on the roles and attitudes of Africans and Amerindians in the development of an Atlantic matrix of traditions regarding pet-keeping and domestication. Evidence is mounting that behaviors we associate with pet-keeping today were present from 1492 on, and were not only displayed in the homes of members of the elite. While the comfort and longevity of companion animals might very well have been determined by the status of their humans, the concern demonstrated by humans of lower economic and social standing for companion animals has been found in the archives and early printed works by scholars like Sonya Lipsett-Rivera and Marcy Norton. As with other aspects of this growing line of research, more remains to be done. In any new field or subdiscipline, terminology and periodization remain in flux. However, regular interactions in an Atlantic world certainly only began with Columbus’s first voyage in 1492, while the publication of Charles Darwin’s The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals and Anna Sewell’s Black Beauty, both in the 1870s, marked a victory for what had been two human perceptions of other animals that may have always been there, but that were frequently muted: that humans and other animals share the same feelings and similar methods of communication in their common sentience, and that the cruel use of, at the very least, domesticated animals is morally reprehensible and wrong. As much as our interactions with our pets and domesticated animals have shaped them, they have also shaped us in the Atlantic world and, indeed, globally.

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Will Marley come home? An exploration of the impacts of the Canterbury earthquakes on people’s relationships with their companion animals

Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work ◽

10.11157/anzswj-vol25iss2id76 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 7-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nikki Evans ◽

Maria Perez-y-Perez

Keyword(s):

Social Work ◽

New Zealand ◽

Companion Animals ◽

Work Practice ◽

Social Work Practice ◽

Human Relationships ◽

Social Work Research ◽

The Status ◽

Sizeable Number

A sizeable number of New Zealand homes contain at least one companion animal – and many of these are afforded the status of family member by their human owner(s). It follows then that when a series of high-magnitude earthquakes shook the New Zealand city of Christchurch and the Canterbury region it is located within, many people and their companion animals were impacted. Generic and disaster-specific research into animal-human relationships has mostly been undertaken outside of the profession of social work. However, a number of recent social work research and theoretical papers draw attention to the need for this discipline to also embrace this field (Evans Gray, 2012; Morley Fook, 2005; Tedeschi, Fitchett, Molidor, 2005; Risley-Curtiss, Holley, Wolf, 2006b; Risley-Curtiss, 2010). The aftermath of the Canterbury earthquakes has revealed a need to look critically at how animal-human relationships are perceived, and the potential for these relationships to be considered within routine social work assessments and interventions. This paper considers the role of companion animals in people’s lives, addresses the status of these animals during the Canterbury earthquakes, explores issues of loss and resiliency within animal-human relationships and looks at the implications of these relationships for social work practice and research.

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Legal Status and Rights of the Pet (companion) Animals and Ensuring Their Harmonious Coexistence with Citizens According to Legislation of Georgia

Law and World ◽

10.36475/7.5.7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 109-123

Keyword(s):

Animal Rights ◽

Legal Status ◽

Central Government ◽

Companion Animals ◽

Legal Framework ◽

Legal Regulation ◽

European Countries ◽

Desirable Outcome ◽

The Status ◽

Legal Document

The goal of the present article is to give the reader an insight in the problems of regulating pet issues in Georgia, as well as ongoing trends and up-to-date views in the European countries, to identify the causes of problems of legal regulation and management in the given field and to give an impetus to those interested in the topic and problems to find ways to address the problem. The source of the article was the effective legislation of Georgia, which was duly studied, including the normative acts adopted by the central authority and municipal bodies, as wellas the nation- al legislations of the European countries, international legal documents and the managerial practice of the branch in Georgia. Following the study of the problem considered in the article, it was found that Georgia lacks a single legal framework to systematically and thoroughly regulate pet issues. Neither does the country have a legislative act that would define the status of pets. Consequently, there is no quality and comprehensive legal document at the municipal level derived from the nationwide legislative act. There have been attempts at the levels of both, the central government and concrete municipalities, to address pet issues. However, such attempts are fragmental and non-systemic and fail to cover complex measures. As a result, it is impossible to obtain a desirable outcome in respect of safety of people and animals and protection of animal rights.

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The legal status of animals: a source of their disaster vulnerability

Australian Journal of Emergency Management - October 2021 ◽

10.47389/36.3.63 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10.47389/36 (36.3) ◽

pp. 63-68

Author(s):

Ashleigh Best

Keyword(s):

Case Studies ◽

World Wide ◽

Legal Status ◽

Companion Animals ◽

Disaster Planning ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Survival Outcomes ◽

Wild Animals ◽

The World ◽

The Status

The 2019–20 Australian bushfire season had a devastating impact on animals. A report sponsored by the World Wide Fund for Nature (2020) estimates that 3 billion native wild animals were affected by the bushfires, with several species now closer to extinction. Thousands of domesticated farm animals also perished, either as an immediate result of the bushfires or as a consequence of being euthanised with fire-related injuries. In addition, there was concern about the adequacy of arrangements for the evacuation and care of companion animals during the emergency. In these diverse ways, the bushfires brought the profound and multidimensional vulnerability of animals to disaster events into stark focus. Using case studies, this paper examines the role the law plays in contributing to this vulnerability. It investigates how the status of animals as ‘property’ under law increases their exposure to hazards and affects their priority in disaster planning and response. This paper also scrutinises the extent to which statutory welfare and environmental protections are capable of optimising wellbeing and survival outcomes for animals in disasters.

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“We Always Hurt the Things We Love”—Unnoticed Abuse of Companion Animals

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani8090157 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 157

Author(s):

Bernard Rollin

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diseases ◽

Companion Animals ◽

The United States ◽

Labrador Retriever ◽

Recent Book ◽

German Shepherd ◽

The Family ◽

The Status ◽

Length Of Life

Despite the fact that companion animals enjoy the status of “members of the family” in contemporary society, there are numerous diseases affecting the longevity of these animals and their quality of life. Some of the most pervasive and damaging problems accrue to pedigreed animals whose genetic lines contain many major and severe diseases which are detrimental to both the quality and length of life. If one considers the most popular dog breeds in the United States, the top 10 include the Labrador Retriever, German Shepherd, Golden Retriever, French Bulldog, Beagle, Poodle, Rottweiler, Yorkshire Terrier, and German Shorthaired Pointer. Some idea of the pervasiveness of genetic defects across breeds can be gleaned from a recent book detailing genetic predisposition to disease. The book contains 93 pages of references. The list of diseases for the most popular dog, the Labrador Retriever, is 6.25 pages long. Yet, despite the tragic consequences of such diseases in animals regarded as beloved family members, breed standards associated with these diseases remain unchanged. This represents a major tragedy to which insufficient attention is paid. The point of this paper is to show that even as dogs have increasingly become viewed as “members of the family”, this status is belied by the proliferation of genetic diseases perpetuated by breed standards.

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