Wage Inequalities between Men and Women in Poland – a Justified Differentiation or Accepted Wage Discrimination of Women?

In recent decades, the participation of women in all movements is increasing, in the field of labor statistics affected by this increase, however, the percentage of discriminatory practices towards women has also been detected in Mexico in the labor market, which has managed to generate high rates of wage discrimination and a lower probability of obtaining better paid positions. Due to the importance of this issue, this study presents the main factors that impede the empowerment of Chihuahua women, through a descriptive statistical methodology, focusing their analysis on the study of the characteristics between men and women when entering the labor market and how They are reflected in the salary remuneration, with the way of knowing if this phenomenon is due to sociodemographic factors or a gender perspective problem, and thus show the current panorama faced by women in the state of Chihuahua.

Download Full-text

Wage Determination with Special Reference to Role in a Family

Review of Economic Perspectives ◽

10.2478/v10135-011-0006-y ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 37-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lenka Filipová ◽

Zuzana Machová

Keyword(s):

Special Reference ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Total Sample ◽

Wage Discrimination ◽

Family Characteristics ◽

Wage Determination ◽

Response Model ◽

Men And Women ◽

Wage Regression ◽

Ordered Response

Wage Determination with Special Reference to Role in a Family The paper has arisen as a part of the project dealing with the questions of measuring of wage determinants and wage discrimination on the basis of different subjective requirements of women and men on their wages. Using the ordered-response model (Ordered Probit), it analysed wage determination on the basis of Mincer's Wage Regression including dummies for role in a family. The analysis was carried out with the total sample of respondents and subsequently separately for men and women. The data were gained from a questionnaire survey carried out in Ostrava city, Czech Republic. In general, the analysis did not prove previous conclusions of theories or empirical studies about prevailing influence of family characteristics on the wage rate. Nevertheless, it proved statistically significant differences in the wage determination between men and women, and showed that in the case of men, some family characteristics may have been important for determining the wages.

Download Full-text

Occupational segregation and wage differences: the case of Poland

International Journal of Manpower ◽

10.1108/ijm-07-2016-0141 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 378-397 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pawel Strawinski ◽

Aleksandra Majchrowska ◽

Paulina Broniatowska

Keyword(s):

Gender Wage Gap ◽

Wage Gap ◽

Occupational Segregation ◽

Wage Discrimination ◽

Similar Proportion ◽

Wage Gaps ◽

Wage Differences ◽

Occupational Groups ◽

Men And Women ◽

Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the relation between occupational segregation and the gender wage differences using data on three-digit occupational level of classification. The authors examine whether a statistically significant relation between the share of men in employment and the size of the unexplained part of the gender wage gap exists. Design/methodology/approach Traditional Oaxaca (1973) – Blinder (1973) decomposition is performed to examine the differences in the gender wage gaps among minor occupational groups. Two types of reweighted decomposition – based on the parametric estimate of the propensity score and non-parametric proposition presented by Barsky et al. (2002) – are used as the robustness check. The analysis is based on individual data available from Poland. Findings The results indicate no strong relation between occupational segregation and the size of unexplained differences in wages. The unexplained wage differences are the smallest in strongly female-dominated and mixed occupations; the highest are observed in male-dominated occupations. However, they are probably to a large extent the result of other, difficult to include in the econometric model, factors rather than the effects of wage discrimination: differences in the psychophysical conditions of men and women, cultural background, tradition or habits. The failure to take them into account may result in over-interpreting the unexplained parts as gender discrimination. Research limitations/implications The highest accuracy of the estimated gender wage gap is obtained for the occupational groups with a similar proportion of men and women in employment. In other male- or female-dominated groups, the size of the estimated gender wage gaps depends on the estimation method used. Practical implications The results suggest that decreasing the degree of segregation of men and women in different occupations could reduce the wage differences between them, as the wage discrimination in gender balanced occupations is the smallest. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the few conducted at such a disaggregated level of occupations, and one of few studies focused on Central and Eastern European countries and the first one for Poland.

Download Full-text

Gender wage discrimination by distribution of income in Mexico, 2005-2020

Latin American Economic Review ◽

10.47872/laer-2020-29-5 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-20

Author(s):

Miguel Ángel Mendoza González

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Wage Gap ◽

Parametric Method ◽

Wage Discrimination ◽

Labor Income ◽

Men And Women ◽

Income Levels ◽

Female Workers ◽

Composition And Structure ◽

Distribution Of Income

This paper aims to analyze the hourly gender wage gap between men and women in Mexico for the period 2005-2020. To this end, a number of variables is selected to reflect workers' human capital, household circumstances and workplace characteristics; then, a novel non-parametric method decomposes wage differentials between men and women into its composition and structure effects throughout the distribution of labor income. Results are consistent with the sticky-floor hypothesis, where male workers earn higher hourly wages than female workers at low income levels. However, differentials decrease in the upper part of the distribution and may even reverse, favoring women over men at the highest income levels.

Download Full-text

DIFFERENCES IN INCOME DISTRIBUTIONS FOR MEN AND WOMEN IN POLAND – AN ANALYSIS USING DECOMPOSITION TECHNIQUES

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum - Oeconomia ◽

10.22630/aspe.2017.16.4.49 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 103-112

Author(s):

Joanna Landmesser

Keyword(s):

Personal Characteristics ◽

Decomposition Methods ◽

Wage Discrimination ◽

Pay Gap ◽

Men And Women ◽

Income Distributions ◽

Decomposition Procedure ◽

Rif Regression ◽

Imputation Approach ◽

The Eu

In the paper, we compare income distributions in Poland, taking into account gender differences. The gender pay gap can only be partially explained by differences in men’s and women’s characteristics. The unexplained part of the gap is usually attributed to the wage discrimination. The objective of the study is to extend the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition procedure to different quantile points along the income distribution. We utilize such decomposition methods as the residual imputation approach, the reweighting approach and the RIF-regression method to describe differences between the incomes of men and women along the two distributions. We evaluate the strength of the influence of personal characteristics onto the various parts of the income distributions. The analysis is based on data from the EU-SILC data for Poland in 2014.

Download Full-text

Gender wage differences in the selected Czech public sector company

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun201260070081 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 60 (7) ◽

pp. 81-88

Author(s):

Veronika Hedija ◽

Petr Musil

Keyword(s):

Public Sector ◽

Wage Discrimination ◽

Gender Pay Gap ◽

The European Union ◽

Wage Differences ◽

Pay Gap ◽

Men And Women ◽

The Public ◽

Root Cause ◽

Different Characteristics

The issue of wage disparity between men and women belongs to the current and widely discussed topics. The attention given to this subject also reflects the fact that the issue of the equality between women and men and non-discrimination by gender is incorporated in the law of the European Union. A number of studies are devoted to the gender wage disparities and the root cause of wage differences in the Czech Republic, however, only few of these deal with the gender wage differentials in the public sector. It is exactly this issue, which is discussed in this article, its aim being to identify the extent of the gender pay gap in the selected Czech public sector company. The article concentrates on finding the main causes for the existence of wage differences between men and women and determining whether the company inclines to wage discrimination against women. The Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition is used to define, which part of the gender pay gap can be attributed to the different characteristics of men and women and which part stays unexplained. It is this unexplained part that can be the result of wage discrimination against women.

Download Full-text

GENDER INEQUALITY IN ACCOUNTING PROFESSION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE GLASS CEILING

RACE - Revista de Administração Contabilidade e Economia ◽

10.18593/race.v15i2.9914 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 447 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Júlio César Silva ◽

Cristian Baú Dal Magro ◽

Marcia Zanievicz Da Silva

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Gender Inequality ◽

Glass Ceiling ◽

Research Methodology ◽

Professional Growth ◽

Quantitative Data ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Accounting Profession ◽

Men And Women ◽

Wage Inequalities

Among the studies developed on gender differences in occupations, the theoretical glass ceiling approach has been used internationally to explain the occurrence of barriers that hinder and even prevent the professional growth of women and generate wage inequalities between men and women in the performance of similar functions. Given the above, the study aims to identify gender differences in the accounting profession analyzed from the perspective of the glass ceiling. The research methodology is descriptive, documentary and the approach is quantitative. Data were extracted from the Annual Social Information (RAIS), base year 2013. The investigated population are employees who work in accounting in companies located in southern Brazil. The results indicate that the professions of accounting auditor and accountant are performed, most often by male professionals. It was found that men have higher pay and a predominance of men in the accounting department of larger companies. We conclude that glass ceiling is present in the accounting profession, creating an invisible barrier to women's access to positions of greater evidence of the accounting profession.Keywords: Glass Ceiling. Gender. Accounting Professional. Inequality.

Download Full-text

Gender and Labor Markets in Tunisia’s Lagging Regions

10.1093/oso/9780198799863.003.0006 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Lucia Hanmer ◽

Edinaldo Tebaldi ◽

Dorte Verner

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

Labor Markets ◽

Labor Market Outcomes ◽

Wage Discrimination ◽

Panel Survey ◽

Market Outcomes ◽

Men And Women ◽

Male And Female ◽

Market Participants ◽

Central Regions

There are significant differences in labor market outcomes by gender in Tunisia. These gender differences differ substantially in the richer coastal and eastern regions and the poorer southern and western regions. This chapter uses the 2014 Tunisia Labor Market Panel Survey (TLMPS) to examine the characteristics of male and female labor market participants in the lagging southern, western, and central regions, and in the leading regions. The chapter also discusses results from an econometric analysis of the factors that influence monthly wages and the probability of employment for men and women respectively. Our results show that gender plays a huge role in labor market outcomes: women are less likely to participate in the labor force, are more likely to be unemployed, and receive lower wages. In addition, youth and educated women in lagging regions are particularly disadvantaged because they are less likely to find a job and may not have the option of moving to places where employment prospects are better. Moreover, our results suggest that wage discrimination against women is prevalent outside the leading region in Tunisia.

Download Full-text