scholarly journals Features of Day-Long Statistic Campaigns in the Late 19th and Early 20th Century (Based on the Materials of Western Siberia and the Steppe Territory)

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
V.A. Skopa
Keyword(s):  
Public Involvement ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
Regional Statistic ◽  
Event Based ◽  
Complete Processing ◽  
Working Mechanisms

Based on archival material and published documents, the article identifies the features of day-long censuses in the territorial borders of Western Siberia and (the Steppe territory in the late 19th — early 20th centuries). Taking into account regional specifics, a comprehensive analysis was made for individual census campaigns in such cities as Tomsk, Omsk, and Semipalatinsk. Their features have been considered in the development of the statistic forms, the organization of the counters, working mechanisms. The first complete processing of the received material was the day-long census of Omsk, conducted in 1877. A systematic, methodologically developed statistic campaign, taking into account the achievements of the theory and practice of statistical science, was the daylong census of Tomsk in 1880. In administrative terms, the provincial statistic Committee played a significant role in this event. Based on the sources, it was revealed that the day-long campaign of Semipalatinsk in 1882 received broad public involvement in the implementation of statistical works under the control of the regional statistic Committee. It is shown in a comprehensive manner that the designated measures had disadvantages, which were manifested in the organizational and technical part. There was little explanation of the census tasks among the population, and the census staff was not always ready for the upcoming work, many forms in the census forms were not understood by the enumerators, they did not know what to do.

scholarly journals Crusaders in Reverse? The Emergence of Political Islam in the Middle East and the Reactions of British Foreign Policy, 1978–1990

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Ihab Shabana
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Middle East ◽  
International Relations ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Political Islam ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
British Foreign Policy

British foreign policy in the Middle East has been well researched. However, there are still aspects of Britain’s approach towards the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) that have yet to be researched. One such aspect is Britain’s encounter with the rise of political Islam in MENA and the way(s) in which this phenomenon was deciphered. Even though political Islam dates back to the late 19th and early 20th century, our study focuses on the period between the turbulent years of the outburst of the Iranian Revolution in 1978–1979 and its widely-felt influence until 1990. Our methodological tools include Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) archival material that addresses the phenomenon of political Islam and its implications for British interests and international relations in general. We choose the concept of political Islam and its adherents that are widely acknowledged as political, comparatively to those of da’wa and Jihadi Islamism. We argue that British officials were widely influenced by the intellectual debates of the period under consideration and that they mainly adopted four analytical schemas which focused firstly on the rise of sectarian politics in MENA, secondly on the gradual accommodation of non-state actors and organizations in political analysis, thirdly on the worrisome prospect of an alliance between Islamist and communist forces, and lastly on the prevalence of the idea of Islamic solidarity and Islamic exceptionalism in exerting international politics. Our findings suggest that, at times, the FCO approaches the issue of political Islam with a reassuring mindset, focusing on its divisions and weaknesses, while at other times it analyzes it with a grave concern over stability and Britain’s critical interests.

scholarly journals Innovative Development of the Organization of Catering of Schoolchildren as an Integral Part of the Management of Modern Institutions of General Secondary Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (515) ◽  
pp. 471-481
Author(s):  
G. T. Piatnytska ◽  
◽  
O. M. Hryhorenko ◽  
N. O. Piatnytska ◽  
N. Y. Lytvyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Student Service ◽  
Head Of School ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
School Canteen ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Organization Of Production

The article is aimed at carrying out a comprehensive analysis and an evaluation of innovative processes that are currently taking place in the organization of school meals of general secondary education institutions (GSEI) of Ukraine and aimed at improving the management of their activities. To achieve the aim, general scientific and special research methods were used. The content essence of some concepts in the theory and practice of catering are closer defined. It is determined that innovations for the development of the organization of catering of schoolchildren in modern GSEI are being implemented in the following directions: updating the collection of recipe dishes for schoolchildren; development of a multi-variant menu of dishes, composed breakfasts and lunches; organization of production of semi-finished products and finished products, new forms of student service; providing new forms of communication between students (their parents) and the head of school canteen production, etc. The assessment of the quality of organization of catering in 10 schools of different districts of city of Kyiv, which have not same level of propensity for innovative changes, is carried out. It is determined that there is a sufficiently strong correlation between the introduction of innovations in the organization of catering in GSEI and the score assessment of the quality of this organization. It is identified that each innovation has certain advantages and probable disadvantages of its implementation, in order to overcome which it is necessary to plan and implement the proposed management measures. Concluding it is substantiated that a system approach to solving a complex of issues related to innovative processes in the organization of catering will increase the efficiency, safety and quality of nutrition of GSEI students and will contribute to improving the management of their activities. It is justified that the presented results are suitable for improving both the management of GSEI and the restaurant facilities organizing meals at the place of study.

scholarly journals Family Life of Poles in Western Siberia in the Second Half of the 19th – Early 20th Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
Goncharov Yuriy M. ◽  
◽  
Dmitrieva Lidiya M. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Mixed Marriages ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
First In Family

The article is devoted to the family life of the Poles in Siberia in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century. The relevance of the research topic is due to the weak study of the history of family life of the Poles in pre-revolutionary Siberia, as well as the importance of the family institution in society. The Poles in Siberia were a specific national-confessional group. Their family life was greatly influenced by the formation of the Polish community in the region, as well as local social and demographic characteristics. The aim of this work is to examine the features of formation of family building and family life of poles in Western Siberia in the second half of the 19th – early of the 20th century, given the social circumstances in the region. The methodological basis of the research is the concept of frontier existence of cultures and the theory of modernization. Exiles who came to Siberia for many years tried to live a full life: they got married, children were born and brought up. The difficulties of life in the harsh region, especially significant for exiles, forced them to look for support, first, in family members and relatives, since family cooperation helped them survive. The demographic characteristics of Polish families during this period were significantly specific in contrast to other national groups. The prevalence of mixed marriages of the Poles with representatives of other Christian denominations in post-reform Siberia indicates the intensity of ethno-cultural interactions. In the resulting ethnic-mixed families, in most cases, a combination of elements of the spiritual culture of various peoples of the region was found. At the same time, religious issues usually receded into the background. Children raised in such families perceived a respectful attitude to their parents’ past, to their origin, and national and religious tolerance was developed in family life. Keywords: Siberia, family, the Poles, community, diaspora, demography, everyday life

scholarly journals “GENERALS DON’T CRY...”: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF THE REASONS FOR THE DEFEAT OF THE WHITE MOVEMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 830-833
Author(s):  
Gayane Nikolayevna Edigarova ◽  
Marina Vadimovna Krat ◽  
Natalia Victorovna Doronina ◽  
Nadezhda Sergeevna Sibirko ◽  
Yuliana Anatoliyevna Chernousova
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Russian Civil War ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Complete Failure ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Main Message ◽  
The Military ◽  
Significant Attention

Purpose of study: The purpose of this research is to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the military-strategic, ideological and theoretical, foreign policy and socioeconomic reasons for the defeat of the White movement. Methodology: The methodology is based on the principles of historicism and objectivity with the involvement of archival material, documentary sources, memoirs and biographical literature. Result:  The main message of the article is to show the lack of unanimity and coordination in the actions of the internal and external forces of counter-revolution during the Russian Civil War. Significant attention is paid to the characterization and estimation of the military and ideological leaders of the counter-revolution, such as A.I. Denikin, P.N. Wrangel, I.P. Romanovsky and G.V. Florovsky, V.V. Shulgin. Originality/Novelty: The authors conclude by defining the main peculiarities of the historical development of Russia which contributed to the outbreak of the Civil War and led to the complete failure of the White Guard.

Access to Archives and ICARUS Digital Platforms: Data Protection in Theory and Practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-95
Author(s):  
Vlatka Lemić ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Data Protection ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
Archival Profession ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Open Issues

Access to archival material is a complex issue, wider than archival profession and related to legal, administrative and political factors, and increasingly to the IT sector as well. This area is fundamentally regulated by archival legislation, but due to the existence of other relevant regulations with different accessibility approaches, archive regulations and procedures need to be systematically harmonized with current regulations, leading to numerous open issues in the practical work of the archives. In this paper the author presents a European legal framework on the use of information and data protection relating to archival material in the digital environment, and analyses its practical implications through the example of ICARUS's international digital archive platforms.

Mordvins in Western Siberia in the Late 19th to Early 20th Century: Certain Issues in the Migration and Settlement

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. N. Shchankina
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Organizational Training ◽  
Reverse Migration ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Process Failure ◽  
The Government ◽  
Agrarian Crisis

This study addresses the main aspects of the Mordvin peasant relocation to Western Siberia from the mid-1800s to Stolypin’s agrarian reform, with a focus on resettlement and relationships with old residents, successful and failed unauthorized and reverse migration, and the displacement level. The sources are archival data, specifi cally E.I. Krivyakov’s and V.B. Rusyaikin’s manuscripts owned by the archives of the Government of Mordovia Institute for the Humanities. Causes of migration were mostly economical, and the process was triggered by the abolishment of serfdom in 1861 and then by the Stolypin’s reform, meant to defuse the imminent agrarian crisis in central Russia. On the basis of archival and published evidence, it is demonstrated that the main problems faced by the authorities were their unpreparedness for arranging the relocation of large numbers of peasants, insuffi cient funding, small size of land plots allotted to new settlers, diffi culties with obtaining documents, the fact that governmental help was insuffi cient and provided not to all those in need (land plots were not allotted to unauthorized settlers), administration’s laissez faire in the resettlement process, failure to limit admission fees paid to old settlers, and other factors caused by poor organizational training.

scholarly journals Managing moral reformation: the case of Queensland's reformatory for boys, 1871–1919

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carden Clarissa
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Religious Instruction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
Inmate Population

PurposeThis article explores the case of the Queensland's reformatory for boys through the years 1871–1919 to analyse how the institution negotiated the complex, and at times competing, goals of reforming, educating and punishing its inmate population.Design/methodology/approachThe article relies on documentary evidence, including archival material produced by the institution and newspaper records published between 1865, when the legislation allowing the institution to be created was passed, to 1919, when the institution ceased to be known as a “reformatory”.FindingsThis research demonstrates that, despite considerable changes during the studied period, the overarching goal of reforming criminal and potentially criminal young people continuously relied on achieving a balance between reformative techniques such as religious instruction and work placements, providing a useful education and punishing offenders. It also demonstrates that, despite efforts to achieve this balance, the institution was often described as unsuccessful.Originality/valueDue to the paucity of available archival evidence, there is still relatively little known about how the reformatories of late-19th- and early-20th-century Australia attempted to carry out programmes of moral reformation. This paper contributes to the field through an analysis of an institution which faced unusual challenges as a result of a complex inmate population.

scholarly journals Housing conditions in Western Siberia in the second half of the 19th — early 20th century

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
Yu.M. Goncharov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Cultural Isolation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Statistical Studies ◽  
The Right

The study of housing conditions in Western Siberia in the second half of the 19th — early 20th century con-stitutes an important and scientifically relevant problem of everyday history. Housing conditions are one of the most important indicators of the level and lifestyle of the population. This subject matter has so far received little attention from historians. The study is aimed at identifying the specifics of the housing conditions in an important province of the late Russian Empire. In order to study provincial housing conditions in the second half of the 19th — early 20th century, a fairly wide range of sources was used: records of city magistracies; statistical studies, with one-day city censuses being of particular value; memoirs of contemporaries; periodicals, etc. The concept of the dwelling existing in the cities of pre-revolutionary Russia differed slightly from that in rural areas. While in villages the concept of the dwelling, as a rule, meant a ‘family home’, in towns, the concepts of ‘flat’ or ‘room’ were of par-ticular importance. Some townspeople lived in their own houses, others rented out their property (‘apartments’, ‘rooms’ or even ‘part of a room’), while those having no property were forced to rent it. One of the most common types of buildings was a two-family house, whose lower floor was usually occupied by the owners and the upper floor was rented out. Most of the buildings were modest-looking, with many of them being battened and painted. Most often the territory of the yard was fenced, with a large high gate being placed in the middle of the fence, behind which there was a house on the left; outbuildings and sheds on the right; stables at the back of the house; as well as a vegetable garden next to the house. The housing conditions varied significantly among different population groups. Changes that occurred in the housing conditions in the region in the second half of the 19th — the beginning of the 20th century were primarily associated with the socio-economic development of post-reform Siberia. Rapid population growth often resulted in slum development. Urban planning reflects new trends, intensi-fied following the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway, which helped overcome the economic and cultural isolation from the central regions of the Empire.

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