scholarly journals OBSTACLES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL COOPERATION WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
E. S. Anichkin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Situation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Technical Cooperation ◽  
Shanghai Cooperation Organization ◽  
Scientific Technical

Legal and non-legal factors that impede the development of scientific and scientific-technical partnershipare considered. within the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). Factors that reducethe activity and effectiveness of such cooperation are divided into legal and non-legal. Within the frameworkof legal factors, internal and external are distinguished, and the political and economic situation in the SCOcountries are classified as non-legal reasons and conditions.

scholarly journals Anti-Russian Sanctions as a Prerequisite for Expanding International Scientific and Technical Cooperation with Asian Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-164
Author(s):  
Eugene Anichkin ◽  
Alexey Rezinkin
Keyword(s):  
High Tech ◽  
The Political ◽  
Technical Cooperation ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Shanghai Cooperation Organization ◽  
Academic Mobility ◽  
Narrow Scope ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Scientific Diplomacy ◽  
Selective Character

The article describes the international scientific and technical cooperation (ISTC) of the Russian Federation with foreign states in the context of the anti-Russian sanctions. The research featured the political and economic anti-Russian sanctions that define the current cooperation in the scientific and technical field. The authors described the phenomenon of sanctions, their main types, reasons, specific features, etc., putting stress on the industrial and selective character, as well as on their indirect influence on Russian ISTC. There are no scientific and technological sanctions per se; however, the current political and economic sanctions keep affecting the ISTC sphere, e.g. inability to purchase and deliver reagents and high-tech equipment, to accept financing from foreign funds, etc. The sanctions manifest themselves as narrow scope of research projects, low academic mobility, etc. The two areas with appropriate mechanisms to counter the sanctions policy are political and legal. For instance, a diversified state policy could be developed to support ISTC. Public scientific diplomacy and an official vector of development might be of great help, in particular, the Asian vector of ISTC development. The authors believe ISTC should take place between the members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. The legal counteraction mechanisms include issuing normative legal acts, suspension of international agreements in ISTC, counter-sanctions, and international arbitration.

scholarly journals SCO CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL COOPERATION: DISCUSSION OF A PROPOSAL

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
E. S. Anichkin ◽  
A.A. Serebriakov
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Technical Cooperation ◽  
Shanghai Cooperation Organization ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Scientific Technical ◽  
Regional Associations

Modern processes of geopolitical, socio-economic development of states and the global economy requirethe intensification of scientific and technical cooperation within the framework of regional associations,which include developing countries. This is necessary for the transition from a resource-based economy to aknowledge economy and a significant improvement in the welfare of the population.Unfortunately, despitethe presence of appropriate prerequisites, scientific and technical cooperation between the member states ofthe Shanghai Cooperation Organization is extremely poorly developed.It seems that one of the reasons forthis is the absence of a convention document regulating in detail various aspects of cooperation in the areaunder consideration.The necessity of development and adoption of the Shanghai Cooperation OrganizationConvention on international scientific and scientific-technical cooperation is substantiated.It is proposed toinclude in this document the goals and principles of international scientific and technical cooperation, ruleson a permanent SCO body on international scientific and technical cooperation, provisions on financialsupport for scientific and technical cooperation, framework norms on the legal regime of territories ofadvanced scientific and scientific-technical development, as well as the norms disclosing the legal status ofparticipants in international scientific and scientific-technical cooperation.

THE ESSENCE OF MODERN TERRORISM AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPREHENSION OF THE NATURE OF TERRORISM

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-161
Author(s):  
Petar MARINOV
Keyword(s):  
Complex Structure ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Dynamic Phenomenon ◽  
Individual Country ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Common ◽  
Specialized Institution

Abstract: Terrorism as a phenomenon has a complex structure in which ideological, social, religious, ethnic, psychological and other elements are intertwined. Modern terrorism is a complex and dynamic phenomenon that successfully adapts to the political and economic situation. Effective counteraction is beyond the power of any independent specialized institution or individual country. Understanding of the concept of terrorism is linked to the analysis of the common features of modern terrorism. Based on the content of ideology and motivation, as well as the specifics of the methods of action, there are differences between terrorism based on left and right ideologies, on nationalism and separatism, and with different religious motivations.  

Notes from Libya

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 211-222
Author(s):  
Paul Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Economic Situation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Regular Feature ◽  
New Form ◽  
Ancient Monuments

Abstract‘Notes from Libya’ is a new regular feature of Libyan Studies following the reports of the Society's Head of Mission. These reports were previously concerned with the organisation of fieldwork and administrative matters connected to obtaining permissions, visas and so on, and were recorded in the minutes of the Council meetings. However, they have recently taken on a new form, outlining the alarming developments in Libya, largely focusing on its heritage but also on the political and economic situation, which impacts on the management of Libya's ancient monuments and artefacts. The importance and historical interest of these reports now, however, merits a wider audience and a more formal record, so these accounts are now published in Libyan Studies.

scholarly journals Hungary: Orban’s atypical programme of solving the crisis

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-319
Author(s):  
Misa Djurkovic
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Opposition Party ◽  
Socialist Government ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

The article deals with the political and economic situation in Hungary in the last several years. The author firstly points to the causes of decline of influence of the previous socialist government and the heavy defeat of the socialists in the 2010 elections and the success of the right party Fidesz. After winning the elections, the Viktor Orban government started, at an accelerated rate, to implement the pre-election programme of Fidesz that had been prepared for a long time while it was an opposition party. The author is of the opinion that this programme is atypical, very radical and unique by many characteristics in the Europe of today. He points out that only a year after Fidesz victory the government and the parliament adopted quite a number of laws, a new Constitution and a set of risky measures of recovery that should lead to a substantial economic reform. The author particularly underlines the fact that the government decided to break of negotiation with IMF, reject its recommendations and try to overcome over-indebtedness by carrying out its own ideas.

scholarly journals Evo-lución: The Economic Situation of Evo Morales’ Bolivia Under Scrutiny

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 67-104
Author(s):  
Christian Dalenz
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
The Government

This paper deals with economic changes in the last 12 years in Bolivia under the presidency of Evo Morales. After a short introduction about the political landscape of the country, I will explain how Morales’ party, Movimiento al Socialismo, planned to change Bolivia’s economic model. Here I will rely on the works by former Bolivian Ministry of Economics and Public Finances, Luis Arce Catacora. Then I will show the improvements in social conditions of the Bolivian population during the Morales’ presidency, and I will relate them to the Cash Conditional Transfers adopted by the government, otherwise known as bonos. Finally, I will assess the intricate issue of economic and environmental sustainability of this model. My point of view is that since Bolivia will soon face less revenue from its gas exports, efforts in diversifying its economy will have to improve. At the same time, no major crisis should happen.

Provisions situation in the Tambov Governorate in the early 1918

2021 ◽  
pp. 209-215
Author(s):  
Nikita V. Averin
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Goods ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Soviet Power ◽  
Economic Preferences ◽  
Peasant Movement ◽  
Peasant Protest ◽  
The City ◽  
Regions Of Russia

We examine the provisions situation in the early 1918 in the producing regions of Russia using materials from the Tambov Governorate. Published documents indicate a strong rise in prices for consumer goods, the population was concerned about high prices for food. The provisions problem was clearly taking on political overtones. The Bolsheviks who came to power did not only impose power, proceeding from their political and economic preferences, starting socialist transformations and fighting the remnants of the old organs of power. All this is shown in pub-lished sources on the peasant movement that swept the province, as well as in memoirs, witnesses of all those problems associated with food and the deterioration of the political and economic situation in the city and the governorate as a whole. In particular, the Soviet power immediately faced huge provisions problems, both inherited and generated by their own requisitions, as well as with the peasant protest movement. The peasant movement itself, caused by hunger and chaos, in the future will play a huge role in the policies pursued by the Bolsheviks. Documents and memoirs can serve in the study of the state of the population in the specified period.

On the Reform, Measures and Evolution of the Journalism System in Late Soviet Union

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-414
Author(s):  
Zhang Juxi ◽  
Wang Wenjuan
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Social Background ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
Historical Legacy ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Expansion Stage

Abstract Using a combination of literature analysis and historical literature comparison methods, the study analyzes the international and domestic social background of Glasnost and journalism reform, reviews and studies Gorbachev’s objectives, measures and development process of carrying out journalism reform. Journalism reform is a part of Glasnost and also a method demand of other reforms within socialism. The implementation of the reform of the journalism has taken a variety of measures, and has gone through three historical stages: impediment stage, expansion stage and development of liberalization stage. The results show that the failure of journalism reform and the disintegration of the state are caused by the political and economic situation in the Soviet Union and the historical legacy problems. However, a series of improper measures carried out by the journalism reform undoubtedly accelerated the disintegration of the Soviet Union.

Zwischen Heteronomie und Autonomie

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-97
Author(s):  
Klemens Grube
Keyword(s):  
Economic Situation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Development Phases ◽  
Cooperative Banks

AbstractNowadays, cooperative banks in Estonia and Latvia are a marginal phenomenon. During the both countries’ first autonomy and before, they figured prominently and were fixed firmly in all classes of population. There were three development phases. We conclude that genesis, prosperity and demise of cooperative banks are linked closely to the political and economic situation of the respective country. The development proceeded similarly in both countries, however the Latvian institutions performed more effectively.

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