scholarly journals Estimation of Micronutrients (Magnesium and Iron) in Periodontitis Patients with and without Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 1645-1649
Author(s):  
Pallavi Samatha Yalamanchili ◽  
Nirupa Elisetti ◽  
Janaki Kesipeddy ◽  
Bilwa Bindu A ◽  
Bhagyasree Vegunta
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

BACKGROUND The focus of this study was to assess the relationship of nutrients (magnesium, iron) in periodontitis and diabetic patients. Serum magnesium (Mg) and iron (Fe) levels were evaluated in periodontitis patients and were compared between diabetic patients with periodontitis and healthy controls. METHODS Total sixty subjects (18 females and 42 males) were recruited in this cross-sectional study and were divided into three groups - Group I (healthy subjects), Group II (chronic generalized periodontitis), Group III (Type II diabetes mellitus and chronic generalized periodontitis). Loe and Silness gingival index and probing pocket depth were used for categorizing chronic generalized periodontitis patients. Serum levels of magnesium and iron were estimated and then compared among the groups. Statistical analysis was done using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Newmann-Keuls multiple post-hoc procedures. Statistical significance was accepted for P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS Mean serum levels of magnesium (Mg) were 0.89 in Group 3 (Type II DM + CGP), 1.01 in Group 2 (CGP) against 1.52 in Group 1 (Control), which were statistically significant. Mean Iron (Fe) levels showed 165.56 in Group 3 (Type II DM + CGP), 137.77 in Group 2 (CGP) against 78.17 (Control) which is also statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we found statistically significant decrease in magnesium and increase in serum iron levels in Group 3 (Type II DM + CGP) compared to Group 2 (CGP) and healthy controls. These findings suggest that trace elements also play an important role in the progression of periodontal disease. KEY WORDS Chronic Periodontitis, Diabetes Mellitus, Iron, Magnesium

To Study the Effect of Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Its Duration on Hearing

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-143
Author(s):  
Sameer Aggarwal ◽  
Vikas Kakkar ◽  
Chandni Sharma ◽  
Surender Bishnoi ◽  
Ankit Gulati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Group I

ABSTRACT Objective This study has been undertaken to study the effect of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its duration on hearing. Materials and methods The present study was conducted on 100 persons of age group 20 to 45 years. All subjects included in the study were divided into two groups. Group I: 50 patients suffering from T2DM (fasting blood sugar ≥ 126 mg/dL and postprandial ≥ 200 mg/dL) of either sex, in the age group of 20 to 45 years. Group II: 50 healthy volunteers in the age group of 20 to 45 years, of either sex were included in control group. Hearing assessment was done by using pure tone audiometry (PTA). Results In diabetic patients, the mean threshold in the PTA was higher at all frequencies as compared with healthy controls, and there was a positive correlation between the duration of diabetes and hearing loss. Conclusion Various audiological investigations have revealed that there is a strong association of diabetes with sensorineural part. The prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in type II diabetics observed was 64%. In the majority of the patients, the hearing loss was bilateral, affecting mid and higher frequencies from 2 to 8 kHz. Hence, to conclude, we can say that the high prevalence of hearing loss in T2DM supports the importance of audiometric evaluation in such patients. How to cite this article Gulati A, Kakkar V, Aggarwal S, Sharma C, Panchal V, Pareek M, Bishnoi S. To Study the Effect of Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Its Duration on Hearing. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2017;2(3):140-143.

Study of Prevalence of Hypomagnesemia in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
NH Rekha ◽  
MS Bharath ◽  
SP Channakeshava
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Medical College

ABSTRACT Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder. Prevalence of diabetes is increasing globally and it is one of the major health problems of the 21st century. The disturbance in serum magnesium (SMg) has been reported among patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Hypomagnesemia has negative impact on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Aim This study was undertaken to know the prevalence of hypomagnesemia in patients with type II diabetes mellitus and its relation with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The study was conducted on 200 patients with type II diabetes and 100 healthy controls at RajaRajeswari Medical College & Hospital, Bengaluru. Results Out of 200 diabetic patients, 115 (57%) had hypomagnesemia. We observed mean SMg (1.7 mg) significantly low in diabetic patients compared with controls (2.1 mg). We also found HbA1c was high (9%) in hypomagnesemia patients. We found that diabetic hypomagnesemic patients had high mean fasting blood glucose (242.6 mg%) and postprandial blood sugar (313 mg%) than controls. How to cite this article Rekha NH, Bharath MS, Channakeshava SP. Study of Prevalence of Hypomagnesemia in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus. J Med Sci 2017;3(2):55-58.

scholarly journals A Study on Serum Electrolyte Imbalance in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus - A Hospital-Based Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (48) ◽  
pp. 2847-2851
Author(s):  
Sreenivasulu Uppara ◽  
Bhagyamma Sollapurappa Narayanaswamy ◽  
Rama Kishore Akula Venkata ◽  
Thanuja Ramanna ◽  
Shyam Prasad B.R
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Serum Sodium ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Serum Chloride ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

BACKGROUND The multi-organ disorder, diabetes mellitus (DM) continues to be one of the commonest and challenging health-related problems in the 20th century, prevalent in about 9.3 % of the world's population in 2019 and likely to affect 10.2 % by 2030. Diabetes mellitus is a group of chronic metabolic disorders of multiple aetiology, characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia due to derangement in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. Electrolytes are crucial in maintaining various metabolic functions and play a pivotal role in maintaining a healthy state's body. Diabetic patients are more prone to and frequently develop a constellation of electrolyte disorders due to hyperglycaemia, polydipsia and polyuria. METHODS Our study comprised a total of 70 subjects in the age group of 35 - 60 years with age and sex-matched controls. They were grouped into two groups; the first group, group-1 (healthy controls) and the second group was group-2 (patients of diabetes mellitus on oral hypoglycaemic agents with poor control). 5 ml of fasting venous blood was collected in a plain vacutainer tube in the morning after a zerocalorie overnight 08 hours fast. Post collection, the blood sample was used as serum or plasma or whole blood to estimate plasma glucose, blood urea, serum creatinine, serum sodium, serum potassium, serum chloride by kit methods using an auto analyser. RESULTS Among the various parameters tested, the mean value of fasting plasma glucose, blood urea, serum creatinine, serum potassium, serum chloride were higher in group-2 (diabetic patients) compared to group-1 (healthy controls) with a p-value of < 0.0001. The value of the mean of serum sodium was lower in group-2 (diabetes mellitus) compared to group-1 (healthy controls) with a p-value of < 0.0001. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that electrolyte abnormalities are present in diabetic patients and maybe a root cause for associated morbidity or mortality. These disturbances are generally seen in decompensated Diabetes Mellitus patients, elderly individuals and in the presence of renal impairment. KEYWORDS Diabetes Mellitus, Serum Electrolytes, Fasting Blood Glucose

scholarly journals Evaluation of gingival and periodontal status in obese and non-obese type II diabetic patients – a cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenniayan Kumar SriChinthu ◽  
Velusamy Pavithra ◽  
G.S. Kumar ◽  
Harikrishnan Prasad ◽  
Perumal Prema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Gingival Index ◽  
Periodontal Status ◽  
Periodontal Index ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate gingival and periodontal status in obese and non-obese type II Diabetic Patients. Methods. The study population comprised of 75 subjects visiting the outpatient department of our institution, divided into three different groups, group 1 (obese diabetic), group 2 (non-obese diabetic), and group 3 (obese, non-diabetic). Diabetic status was assessed with HbA1c values and obesity status was assessed by body mass index (BMI) score greater than or equal to 30 kg/m2. Gingival and periodontal status were assessed using the Gingival Index (GI) and Community Periodontal Index (CPI) respectively. Results. The mean gingival index score in group 1, group 2, and group 3 were 1.58, 1.54, and 1.25, respectively. Gingival status was poor among obese and non-obese diabetic subjects [Groups  1 & 2] when compared with obese non-diabetic patients [Group – 3]. The periodontal status showed that periodontal pockets  were increased in diabetic obese group (15.4%), followed by diabetic non obese (4.66%), and non-diabetic obese (2%) group respectively and loss of attachment was severe in diabetic obese group (60.7%), followed by diabetic non obese (45.9%) and non-diabetic obese (15.3%) respectively. Conclusion. Gingival and periodontal status was poor in the obese diabetic group compared to non-obese diabetic and obese non diabetic group. Hence, the risk of gingivitis and periodontitis in obese diabetic patients should be addressed earlier to prevent further complications and achieve a good oral health status.

scholarly journals Insulin Resistance in Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients and Their First Degree Relatives- An Observational Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 198-204
Author(s):  
Aarti Sati ◽  
Amit Varma ◽  
Neeraj Kumar ◽  
Tariq Masood
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Cell Dysfunction ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Group I ◽  
Diabetes Patients

Type II diabetes (T2DM) is caused by environmental, genetic, metabolic, and unknown variables. In diabetics, insulin resistance is the most of prolonged hyperglycemia. T2DM is induced by insulin resistance and cell dysfunction. The interaction of genetics and environment further complicates T2DM development. Insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction are two of the most common Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus symptoms. A vicious triangle of cell failure (80% cell function) and insulin resistance in the muscles and liver causes major physiological issues. A group of diabetes patients (Group I), non-diabetic first-degree relatives of diabetic patients (Group II), and a non-diabetic healthy control group (Group III) were studied. The diabetes patients had the greatest systolic and diastolic blood pressures, followed by first degree relatives and healthy controls. We found that people with diabetes had higher fasting (FBS) and postprandial sugar, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) than diabetic offsprings and control group. Moreover, fasting insulin levels are higher in first degree relatives than in diabetes patients in the control group. The HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance) levels of diabetics and their progeny do not differ much. The HOMA-IR measures insulin resistance severity. Common reference levels for HOMA-IR insulin resistance range from 0.7 - 2. Insulin resistance in diabetics and their first-degree relatives is evident from the results.

scholarly journals Is the central corneal thickness of diabetic patients thicker than that of non-diabetics’ eyes?

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Solani D. Mathebula ◽  
Tshegofatso M. Segoati
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Central Corneal Thickness ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Mean

The purpose of the study was to evaluate central corneal thickness in diabetic patients and to compare the results with controls without diabetes mellitus. Sixty-five diabetic patients (65 eyes) constituted the study group, and 50 eyes were from the healthy control group (50 non-diabetic patients). The study group was subdivided into group 1 (no diabetic retinopathy, n = 35), group 2 (mild to moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, n = 20), and group 3 (proliferative diabetic retinopathy, n = 10). Central corneal thickness measurements in microns were determined using ultrasound pachymetry. The mean central corneal thickness was significantly greater in the study group (567.14 μm ± 14.63 μm) than in the control group (531.14 μm ± 5 μm). In addition, the mean central corneal thickness was found to be greater in group 3 (577 μm ± 12 μm) than in groups 1 (562 μm ± 13 μm) and 2 (566.86 μm ± 15 μm), but the difference did not reach statistical significance. We found that the mean central corneal thickness for diabetic patients was thicker than that of the healthy controls. Thicker central corneas associated with diabetes mellitus should be taken into consideration when obtaining accurate intraocular pressure measurements in diabetics.

scholarly journals Salivary and Serum Levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in Diabetic Patients with Periodontal Disease: A Review Article

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Babadi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Nonparametric Test ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Control Series ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
A Minor

Context: Periodontal disease is a complication of diabetes mellitus. Both periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus stimulate the release of proinflammatory cytokines. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the salivary and serum levels of interleukin (IL-6) and IL-8 levels in type II diabetic patients with periodontal disease. Evidence Acquisition: The present study is a narrative review. A literature review was conducted using the electronic databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar as well as Persian databases such as SID, Magiran, and IranMedex from 2005 to 2019, particularly the last 10 years. The appropriate keywords were searched, including “Diabetes Mellitus”, “IL-6”, “IL-8”, Periodontal Disease”, “Saliva”, and “Serum”. Results: The present study analyzed four articles from the case-control series, including 42 to 90 patients. The results showed that the level of salivary concentration of IL-6 was increased in patients with periodontal disease with/without diabetes mellitus. A marginally statically significant correlation was found in salivary and serum levels of IL-6 after applying spearman’s nonparametric test. However, the relevant serum analysis showed only a minor influence of type II diabetes and periodontal disease on IL-6 serum levels. There was no significant difference between the periodontitis patients and IL-6 and IL-8 serum levels. A positive correlation was found between glycemic control and the severity of periodontal disease. Conclusions: The intensity of periodontal disease was high in patients with type II diabetes, underlining the need for special oral health care for these patients. The level of salivary IL-6 can be considered as a main biomarker in the diagnosis of diabetes and periodontal disease. The serum levels of the IL-6 and IL-8 showed no significant difference in patients with periodontitis.

scholarly journals ROLE OF METFORMIN ON CLOZAPINE INDUCED DYSLIPIDAEMIA IN WISTAR RATS

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Syed Shoib Md Hussaini ◽  
Akram A Naikwadi ◽  
Narsapur VU
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Metabolic Derangement ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: The clinical research in past decade has reported that most second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) can cause serious metabolic derangement, which substantially increases the risk for type II diabetes mellitus. Several retrospective studies have shown increased in serum triglyceride in patients treated with Clozapine. SGAs induced metabolic syndrome is characterized by weight gain, hyperglycaemia, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Metformin is currently used to treat metabolic syndrome and type II diabetes mellitus. It is therefore important to determine whether Metformin is efficacious in treating Clozapine-induced metabolic derangement like dyslipidaemia. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of Metformin in minimizing Clozapine induced metabolic derangement like dyslipidaemia. Methodology: Wistar rats weighing 180-240g either sex were divided into 3 groups of 6 rats each. Group 1 served as control, Group 2 Treated with Clozapine 25mg/kg body weight and Group 3 Treated with Clozapine 25mg + Metformin 100mg/kg body weight for 28 days P.O. Group 2 and group 3 were treated for 28 days. Biochemical investigations: Retro-orbital blood was collected for Lipid profile. Result: Lipid profile of group 2 rats treated with Clozapine showed dyslipidaemia (TG 103.3 ±1.7mg/dl, Tc 113.7 ±1.6mg/dl). Whereas group 3 rats treated with Clozapine 25mg + Metformin showed normal lipid levels (TG 94.7±1.7mg/dl, TC 102.8 ±0.8 mg/dl) comparable to group 1(TG 93.0 ±2.6mg/dl, TC 103.7 ±1.5mg/dl). Conclusion: This study exploring the use of Metformin to prevent metabolic derangement like dyslipidaemias in patients of schizophrenia treated with Clozapine. KEYWORDS: Clozapine; Metformin; Dyslipidaemia.

scholarly journals THE CONDITION OF BRAINSTEM PART OF THE AUDITORY ANALYZER IN DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2 PATIENTS WITH HEARING IMPAIRMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
T.A. Shydlovska ◽  
◽  
T.V. Shydlovska ◽  
N.Y. Navalkivska ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
The State ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Auditory Analyzer ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The purpose of our study is to examine the condition of brainstem part of the auditory analyzer based on examination of the short-latent auditory evoked potentials (SLAEP) in 43 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 with disorders of auditory function. We revealed sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) of the I-II degree according to the internation- al classification. The registration of SLAEP was conducted by the system «Eclipse» «Interacoustics» (Denmark). We detected a lengthening of the latent periods of the peaks (LPP) of the II, III, IV and V waves of SLAEP, as well as the inter-peak intervals of I-III and I-V comparing to the control values. So, LPP of III wave SLAEP was 3.85 ± 0.04 ms, and of V wave was 5.83 ± 0.05 ms. According to the severity of DM type II, we divided the patients into two groups: without (group I) and with (group II) complica- tions. A comparative analysis revealed that the values of LPP III wave and also I-III in group 2 not only significantly exceeded the normal values, but also significantly differed from the same indicators in group 1. Thus, the LPP of the III wave of SLAEP was 3.81 ± 0.03 and 3.95 ± 0.05 ms, in group 1 and 2, respectively. In group 2 inter-peak interval I-III was 2.29 ± 0.03 ms, inter-peak interval I-V was 4.21 ± 0.04 ms. This indicates the possible influence of the complicated course of diabetes mellitus II on the development of disorders in the central departments of the auditory analyzer, particular in its brainstem structures. Therefore, among all studied groups of patients with SNHL on the background of DM type II there are a pronounced deviations from the norm in the state of the brainstem part of the auditory analyzer. The obtained data indicate an important role of the state of brainstem part of auditory analyzer in the development of sensorineural hearing disorders in diabetes mellitus type II.

scholarly journals Lipid Indices, Elastin Turnover and the Development of Microvascular Complications – A Study in Diabetic Patients with Arterial Hypertension

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
A. Nikolov ◽  
A. Blazhev ◽  
M. Tzekova ◽  
K. Kostov ◽  
N. Popovski
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background and Aims: An important factor in the development of vascular wall lesions is the degradation of the elastic fiber major protein – elastin. Elastin peptides (EDP) derived from this degradation are present in the circulation and are a stimulus for the production of anti-elastin antibodies (AEAbs) IgM, IgG and IgA. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association between AEAbs, lipid indices and the development of microvascular complications. Material and Methods: Sera of 93 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and arterial hypertension (AH) were investigated (mean age 61,4 ± 11,3 years, diabetes duration 9,88 ± 3,12 years; hypertension duration 9,28 ± 4,98). ELISA was used for determination of anti-elastin antibodies. These levels were compared to serum AEAbs in 42 age- and sex-matched controls. Diabetic patients were divided in two groups according to the presence – Group 1 (n = 67) or absence – Group 2 (n = 26) of microangiopathy. The lipid profile and lipid indices (log TG/HDL, LDL/HDL, TC/HDL and TG/HDL) were also studied. Results: Patients with T2DM and AH showed statistically significant higher levels of serum AEAbs IgA than healthy controls – 0,338 (0,133÷0,452) vs. 0,006 (0,052÷0,068) (KW = 19,54; P < 0.0001). Group 1 showed statistically significant higher levels of AEAbs IgA than patients without microangiopathy – 0,353 (0,173÷0,471) vs. 0,235 (0,098÷0,377) (KW = 3,36; p = 0.05) and healthy controls – 0,353 (0,173÷0,471) vs. 0,006 (0,052÷0,068) (KW = 20,37; p < 0,0001) (0.37 ± 0,03 vs. 0.06÷0.01) (p = 0.0001). Patients from Group 2 showed significantly higher levels of AEAbs IgA than controls 0,235 (0,098÷0,377) vs. 0,006 (0,052÷0,068) (KW = 8,54; P = 0.003). AEAbs IgA showed correlation with insulin dose (r = −0.35); (p = 0.01), SBP (r = 0.31); (p = 0.001), HbA1c (r = 0.21); (p = 0.04), BMI (r = 0.22); (p = 0.01). AEAbs IgA correlated with log TG/HDL (r = 0.28); (p = 0.001), LDL/HDL (r = 0.22); (p = 0.01) TC/HDL (r = 0.22); (p = 0.01) and with TG/HDL (r = 0.15); (p = 0.05). Conclusion: Our study proved a relationship between elevation of AEAb IgA, high lipid indices and the development of microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension.

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