scholarly journals Role Of Triclosan (TCS)-Containing Hand Washes In Hormonal Imbalance And Impotency

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abah Moses Owoicho ◽  
Mustapha Bakare ◽  
Deborah Oganya Ogenyi ◽  
Ogu Stephen ◽  
Ujah Moses Okwori
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Hormonal Imbalance ◽  
Hypothermic Effect ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Trade Names

Research shows that, triclosan disrupts the biosynthesis of testosterone. when tested on isolated testicular leydig cells with various dosages, it was found out that triclosan dose-dependently decreases testosterone, and the mechanism is as follows: triclosan decreases the activity of adenylyl cyclase enzyme, resulting in the drop of cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate). Another research shows that, triclosan completely hammered thyroid hormones, lowered luteinizing hormone levels, follicle stimulating hormone levels, and cholesterol synthesis. Concerns over triclosan interfering with the body‘s thyroid hor-mone metabolism led to a study that found that triclosan had a marked hypothermic effect, lowering the body temperature, and overall causing a ―nonspecific depressant effect on the central nervous system. Another study associated exposure to low levels (0.03 mi-crog/L) of triclosan with disrupted thyroid hormone. Due to the close resemblance of triclosan to certain estrogens, a more recent paper in Environment International shows that triclosan inhibits estrogen sulfotransferase in sheep placenta,an enzyme which helps metabolize the hormone and transport it to the developing fetus. The suspicion is that triclosan would be dangerous in pregnancy if enough of it gets through to the placenta to affect the enzyme. Conclusively, it is recommended that hands should be washed with detergent and warm water, or with bleach and complement with alcohol-containing hand sanitizers rather than using triclosan containing hand washes; also when selecting prod-ucts such as hand washes, antiseptic soaps, facial cleansers, toothpaste, deodorants, al-ways watch out for Triclosan trade names/chemical names on the ingredient list such as trichlorocarbonalide, irgasan®, Irgacare® and Microban®, triclosan is used as a built-in antimicrobial for product protection.

scholarly journals Integral health improvement system for adolescent patients with paroxysmal conditions

2001 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (1-2) ◽  
pp. 66-69
Author(s):  
K G. Ganeev
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Hormonal Imbalance ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Many Body Systems

The development of pathological mechanisms of paroxysmal states of epileptic and non-epileptic nature of the pubertal period was studied. A systematic approach to identifying the interest of many body systems that provide homeostasis (mental, autonomic, immune) revealed their inconsistency. Taking into account the dominant role of the central nervous system in the implementation of adaptive, adaptive functions of the body, the formation of a paroxysmal state (PS) is considered as one of the manifestations of central nervous system dysadaptation in the period of hormonal imbalance.

Mechanisms of ATP to cAMP Conversion Catalyzed by the Mammalian Adenylyl Cyclase: A Role of Magnesium Coordination Shells and Proton Wires

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bella Grigorenko ◽  
Igor Polyakov ◽  
Alexander Nemukhin
Keyword(s):  
Adenylyl Cyclase ◽  
Bond Cleavage ◽  
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Md Simulations ◽  
Coordination Shell ◽  
Energy Profile ◽  
One Step ◽  
Type V

<p>We report a mechanism of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) conversion by the mammalian type V adenylyl cyclase revealed in molecular dynamics (MD) and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) simulations. We characterize a set of computationally derived enzyme-substrate (ES) structures showing an important role of coordination shells of magnesium ions in the solvent accessible active site. Several stable six-fold coordination shells of Mg<sub>A</sub><sup>2+ </sup>are observed in MD simulations of ES complexes. In the lowest energy ES conformation, the coordination shell of Mg<sub>A</sub><sup>2+ </sup>does not include the O<sub>δ1</sub> atom of the conserved Asp440 residue. Starting from this conformation, a one-step reaction mechanism is characterized which includes proton transfer from the ribose O<sup>3'</sup>H<sup>3' </sup>group in ATP to Asp440 via a shuttling water molecule and P<sup>A</sup>-O<sup>3A</sup> bond cleavage and O<sup>3'</sup>-P<sup>A</sup> bond formation. The energy profile of this route is consistent with the observed reaction kinetics. In a higher energy ES conformation, Mg<sub>A</sub><sup>2+</sup> is bound to the O<sub>δ1</sub>(Asp440) atom as suggested in the relevant crystal structure of the protein with a substrate analog. The computed energy profile initiated by this ES is characterized by higher energy expenses to complete the reaction. Consistently with experimental data, we show that the Asp440Ala mutant of the enzyme should exhibit a reduced but retained activity. All considered reaction pathways include proton wires from the O<sup>3'</sup>H<sup>3' </sup>group via shuttling water molecules. </p>

scholarly journals Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs and the Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Insulin Resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7256
Author(s):  
Vianet Argelia Tello-Flores ◽  
Fredy Omar Beltrán-Anaya ◽  
Marco Antonio Ramírez-Vargas ◽  
Brenda Ely Esteban-Casales ◽  
Napoleón Navarro-Tito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Polypyrimidine Tract Binding Protein ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are single-stranded RNA biomolecules with a length of >200 nt, and they are currently considered to be master regulators of many pathological processes. Recent publications have shown that lncRNAs play important roles in the pathogenesis and progression of insulin resistance (IR) and glucose homeostasis by regulating inflammatory and lipogenic processes. lncRNAs regulate gene expression by binding to other non-coding RNAs, mRNAs, proteins, and DNA. In recent years, several mechanisms have been reported to explain the key roles of lncRNAs in the development of IR, including metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), imprinted maternal-ly expressed transcript (H19), maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3), myocardial infarction-associated transcript (MIAT), and steroid receptor RNA activator (SRA), HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR), and downregulated Expression-Related Hexose/Glucose Transport Enhancer (DREH). LncRNAs participate in the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, the inflammatory process, and oxidative stress through different pathways, such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT), polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1/element-binding transcription factor 1c (PTBP1/SREBP-1c), AKT/nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), AKT/forkhead box O1 (FoxO1), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)/c-Jun-N-terminal kinases (JNK). On the other hand, the mechanisms linked to the molecular, cellular, and biochemical actions of lncRNAs vary according to the tissue, biological species, and the severity of IR. Therefore, it is essential to elucidate the role of lncRNAs in the insulin signaling pathway and glucose and lipid metabolism. This review analyzes the function and molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs involved in the development of IR.

scholarly journals Role of small leucine zipper protein in hepatic gluconeogenesis and metabolic disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minsoo Kang ◽  
Sun Kyoung Han ◽  
Suhyun Kim ◽  
Sungyeon Park ◽  
Yerin Jo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Disorder ◽  
Leucine Zipper ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hepatic Gluconeogenesis ◽  
Leucine Zipper Protein

Abstract Hepatic gluconeogenesis is the central pathway for glucose generation in the body. The imbalance between glucose synthesis and uptake leads to metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Small leucine zipper protein (sLZIP) is an isoform of LZIP and it mainly functions as a transcription factor. Although sLZIP is known to regulate the transcription of genes involved in various cellular processes, the role of sLZIP in hepatic glucose metabolism is not known. In this study, we investigated the regulatory role of sLZIP in hepatic gluconeogenesis and its involvement in metabolic disorder. We found that sLZIP expression was elevated during glucose starvation, leading to the promotion of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and glucose-6-phosphatase expression in hepatocytes. However, sLZIP knockdown suppressed the expression of the gluconeogenic enzymes under low glucose conditions. sLZIP also enhanced glucose production in the human liver cells and mouse primary hepatic cells. Fasting-induced cyclic adenosine monophosphate impeded sLZIP degradation. Results of glucose and pyruvate tolerance tests showed that sLZIP transgenic mice exhibited abnormal blood glucose metabolism. These findings suggest that sLZIP is a novel regulator of gluconeogenic enzyme expression and plays a role in blood glucose homeostasis during starvation.

scholarly journals Epac signaling protein ligands as tools for studying their biological activity and creating new original drugs

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-17
Author(s):  
G. V. Mokrov ◽  
T. D. Nikiforova ◽  
S. A. Kryzhanovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Signaling Protein ◽  
Protein Ligands ◽  
Biological Target ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
Structure And Functions

The review discusses modern views about the structure and functions of Epac proteins (exchange proteins directly activated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate). The involvement of Epac proteins both in the regulation of the physiological functions of the body and in the initiation of various pathological processes allows to consider them as a fundamentally new biological target for creating original, highly effective drugs. Information on existing Epac protein agonists and antagonists was collected, and the influence of Epac ligands structure on the values of their affinity and selectivity was analyzed. Presumptive mechanisms of the interaction of ligands with Epac proteins are presented.

scholarly journals The protective effect of the PDE-4 inhibitor rolipram on intracerebral haemorrhage is associated with the cAMP/AMPK/SIRT1 pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Liu Dong ◽  
Yan-Hui Wang ◽  
Jing Xu ◽  
Nan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Intracerebral Haemorrhage ◽  
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Silent Information Regulator 1 ◽  
Sirt1 Inhibitor ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase

AbstractRolipram specifically inhibits phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4, thereby preventing inactivation of the intracellular second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Rolipram has been shown to play a neuroprotective role in some central nervous system (CNS) diseases. However, the role of PDE4 and the potential protective effect of rolipram on the pathophysiological process of intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) are still not entirely clear. In this study, a mouse model of ICH was established by the collagenase method. Rolipram reduced brain oedema, blood–brain barrier (BBB) leakage, neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory cytokine release and improved neurological function in our mouse model of ICH. Moreover, rolipram increased the levels of cAMP and silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and upregulated the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Furthermore, these effects of rolipram could be reversed by the SIRT1 inhibitor sirtinol. In conclusion, rolipram can play a neuroprotective role in the pathological process of ICH by activating the cAMP/AMPK/SIRT1 pathway.

scholarly journals Cytochemical methods for the localization of adenylate cyclase. A review and evaluation of the efficacy of the procedures.

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
L S Cutler
Keyword(s):  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Cyclic Nucleotides ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Cytochemical Localization ◽  
Biochemical Evaluation

The cytochemical procedures for localizing adenylate cyclase have been a source of controversy since their introduction. The importance of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP), the product of adenylate cyclase's action on adenosine triphosphate (ATP), in cell biology is clear. Thus, the ability to localize this enzyme system reliably is an important tool in the study of various cellular functions. This report reviews the literature and presents a biochemical evaluation of the methods for localizing adenylate cyclase. The review and data presented serve to clarify many of the controversies surrounding this important cytochemical procedure. It is evident that although there are problems associated with localizing the enzyme, several valid procedures are currently available for the cytochemical localization of adenylate cyclase. In using these procedures, the effects of fixation and the capture agent on adenylate cyclase activity in the particular tissue being studied should be considered. Only repurified adenylyl imidodiphosphate [App(NH)p] should be used in the incubation medium. If care is taken, the use of these techniques can be of great value in the continued study of the role of cyclic nucleotides in cell biology.

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