Oral Candidiasis in Immunosuppressed Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Post Dexamethasone Injection at 7.2 mg/kg and 16 mg/kg Doses

Objective: Oral candidiasis is an infection that occurs in the oral cavity and is caused by candida species, often Candida albicans. This infection commonly occurs in a condition of immunosuppression caused by dexamethasone. Due to the side effects of antifungal therapy, developing a standardized immunosuppressed animal model to induce oral candidiasis for new therapies is required. The aim of this study is to observe oral candidiasis in immunosuppressed Wistar rats post dexamethasone injection at 7.2 mg/kg and 16 mg/kg doses. Material and Methods: Twenty-one Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control group, treatment group 1 (injected with dexamethasone at a concentration of 7.2 mg/kg), and treatment group 2 (at a concentration of 16 mg/kg) for five days. Immunosuppression status was observed by leukocyte count and all the subjects’ palates were inoculated with C.albicans 0.1 ml of 15x108 UFC/ml 24 hours later. The subjects’ tongues were observed and confirmed by laboratory examination on day 10. A statistical analysis was performed using one way ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis, Tukey HSD, and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: A significant clinical appearance of the subjects’ tongues was observed only between C and T1 (p=0.023;p<0.05). Significant hyphal formation was observed between C and T1 (p= 0.037;p<0.05) and between C and T2 (p=0.007;p<0.05), and no significant difference was observed between T1 and T2. A significant increase in the colony count was also observed in similar results. Conclusion: Dexamethasone injection at doses of 7.2 mg/kg and 16 mg/kg is effective in triggering immunosuppression to induce oral candidiasis in immunosuppressed Wistar rats. Keywords Dexamethasone; Immunosuppression; Oral candidiasis.

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INFLUENCE OF LOW OXYGEN CONDITION OF BONE MARROW MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL

Journal of Stem Cell Research and Tissue Engineering ◽

10.20473/jscrte.v2i1.9267 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nugroho Setyowardoyo

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Group Treatment ◽

Control Group ◽

Low Oxygen ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

The state of low oxygen levels known as hypoxia in humans is considered a dangerous condition is apparently a normal physiological condition and required by the stem cells as they are in the body. Mesencyimal Stem Cells (MSCs) require physiologically optimal conditions of low O2 tension of 1-3% in the bone marrow. The purpose of this study was to reveal the difference between in vitro culture of MSC in normoxia condition (20% O 2 concentration) with hypoxia condition (1% O2 content) especially in terms of viability, pluripotent properties, and MSC proliferation ability of the culture it produces. This research is an explorative laboratory research invitro on Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) culture using hypoxia condition. The study design used Randomized Control Group Post-Test Only Design. This research was conducted for 2 months. There was a significant difference in mean slow proliferation based on the number of Least-like CFU-Cs between the control group, treatment group 1 and treatment group 2, the mean percentage of the number of cells expressing the OCT4 coding gene on immunofluorosense examination between the control group, 1 and the treatment group 2 and the mean percentage of cell numbers expressing the OCT4 coding gene on the immunofluorosense examination between the control group, the treatment group 1 and the treatment group 2 showing p <0.01. There was a significant difference of percentage of non-absorbing color cell number of trypsin blue (viable cells) between control group, treatment group 1, and treatment group 2 showing p value <0.05. This suggests that the precondition of culture with normoxia provides an opportunity for cells to adapt and proliferate before being conditioned in hypoxic cultures. Cultures with hypoxic conditions and preconditions of normoxia are the best culture conditions because they produce cells that are capable of maintaining pluripotency properties while still having better proliferation and viability capability compared with direct hypoxia conditions.Keywords: Hypoxia, normoxia, bone marrow, mesenchymal stem cells.

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Pengaruh C-Phycocyanin Terhadap Kadar Soluble Glikoprotein (Sgp130) Pada Trofoblas Tikus Wistar Yang Dipapar Interleukin-6 (IL-6)

Jurnal Ilmiah Kedokteran Wijaya Kusuma ◽

10.30742/jikw.v6i1.350 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Elizabeth Haryanti ◽

Harry K Gondo

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Interleukin 6 ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Placental Development ◽

Successful Pregnancy ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Test ◽

One Way Anova

The placenta is a joint organ of the uterus surface mother and fetus. One of cytokines of the placenta is IL-6 which is essential for normal placental development and successful pregnancy. Sgp130 binds Interleukin-6-sIL-6R complex, so Interleukin-6 signal cannot be passed on. Both factors play an important role in pre-eclampsia which has high levels of IL-6 and sgp130. They are expected to be suppressed by administration of C-phycocyanin. The aim of this study to prove effect of C-phycocyanin on sgp130 levels among wistar rats’ trophoblasts exposed to IL-6. The design of the study was Experiment, Post Test Only Control, analyse with One way Anova. The samples were 25 rats divided four treatment groups. Dose of C-Phycocyanin (10mg, 20mg, 40mg). The results significant difference between control and treatment group IL-6, IL-6 + CPC10, IL-6 + CPC20. But there was no significant difference between control group and IL-6 + CPC40, sig value. 0.214 (sig. <0.05). Conclusion. There is an effect of C-Phycocyanin on Sgp130 levels in wistar rats’ trophoblasts exposed to IL-6 at a dose of C-Phycocyanin 40mg.

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The Effectiveness Fig Leaves (FICUS CARICA L) Steeping Water Towards SGOT SGPT Serum on Male Wistar Rats in Critical Hepatitis Model

Abstract Proceedings International Scholars Conference ◽

10.35974/isc.v7i1.2087 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 826-835

Author(s):

Yosi Julianti ◽

Untung Sudharmono

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Ficus Carica ◽

Negative Group ◽

Positive Group ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Food And Drink ◽

One Way Anova

Critical Hepatitisis is the inflammation of the liver that is caused by viruses, alchol and drugs which are characterized by the increasing values of SGOT SGPT. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of fig leaves (Ficuss carica L) steeping water towards the decrease of SGOT SGPT serum on male wistar rats in critical hepatitis model. The object of this study is 30 male wistar rats with the age of 2-3 months and weight 180-200 grams and randomly divide into 3 groups, which are the negative group that is only by giving an usual food and drink, the positive group and the treatment groups are given paracetamol 120mg/ oral for 7 days. The treatment group is given 0.65 gram/ day of fig leaves steeping water for 7 days. One way ANOVA of SPSS version 24 is used to analyze this research. The result of the study shows that there is a significant difference in SGOT serum level between the treatment group, positive group and negative group (p<0,05). And there is a significant difference in SGPT level between the treatment group and the positive group (p<0,05). The conclusion of this study is tin leaves (Ficus carica L) steeping water has an effect towards the decrease of SGOT SGPT in male Wistar rats in critical hepatitis model.

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The Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy to the Amount of Lymphocytes in Oral Candidiasis Immunosuppressed Model

DENTA ◽

10.30649/denta.v12i2.164 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 36

Author(s):

Agni Febrina Pargaputri ◽

Dwi Andriani

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Oxygen Therapy ◽

Oral Candidiasis ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference

Background: Oral candidiasis generally caused by Candida albicans with prevalence of 30-50%. C. Albicans proliferation in the oral cavity was canducted by decreasing immune system of the host. Lymphocytes activation in immune system happened when there is a contact between host cell with cell wall of C. albicans as a result of C. albicans antigen. One of therapy to suppress the Candida infection sistemically is by giving hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Purpose: To determine the effects of giving hyperbaric oxygen therapy to the amount of lymphocytes in oral candidiasis immunosuppressed models. Methods: This research was post test only control group design. We used 12 wistar rats which were divided into 3 groups(n=4/3): K-(normal/ healthy wistar rats), K+(oral candidiasis immunosuppressed wistar rats), P1(oral candidiasis immunosuppressed wistar rats which were given hyperbaric oxygen therapy 5 days). K+ and P1 groups were immunosuppressed by giving dexamethasone 0,5mg/day/rat orally for 14 days, added with tetrasiklin 1 mg/day/rat. On the 3rd day immunosuppression, the rats were inducted with C.albicans smeared in the dorsum linguae once every two days for 12 days. Results: The data were analyzed with one way Anova test and showed significant difference among groups (p<0,05). To show the difference between each groups we used LSD test and showed significant difference (p<0,05) between K+ compared with P1, and K+ compared with K-. Conclusion: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy gives effect to the amount of lymphocytes in oral candidiasis immunosuppressed models. Keywords: Oral candidiasis, immunosuppressed, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, lymphocytes Correspondence: Agni Febrina Pargaputri, Department of Oral Biology Faculty of Dentistry, Jl. Arif Rahman Hakim 150, Surabaya, Indonesia. Phone: 031-5945864, fax: 031-5912191, Email: agni.febrina@hangtuah.ac.id

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PENGARUH PELATIHAN SIDE JUMP SPRINT DAN SCISSOR JUMP TERHADAP DAYA LEDAK OTOT TUNGKAI PADA SISWA PUTRA PESERTA EKSTRAKURIKULER BOLAVOLI SMP NEGERI 3 ABIANSEMAL TAHUN PELAJARAN 2016/2017

Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan Undiksha ◽

10.23887/jiku.v6i2.14921 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Author(s):

I Gede Sunarba . ◽

Dr. I Ketut Sudiana, S.Pd. M Kes . ◽

Gede Doddy Tisna, M.S., S.Or., M.Or. .

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

Control Group ◽

Limb Muscle ◽

Sprint Training ◽

Jump Training ◽

Explosive Power ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control ◽

One Way Anova

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelatihan side jump sprint dan scissor jump terhadap peningkatan daya ledak otot tungkai. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen semu dengan rancangan the non-randomized control group pretest posttest design. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa putra peserta ektrakurikuler bolavoli SMP Negeri 3 Abiansemal tahun pelajaran 2016/2017 berjumlah 45 orang, kemudian dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok dengan menggunakan teknik ordinal pairing, yaitu 15 orang diberikan pelatihan side jump sprint, 15 orang diberikan pelatihan scissor jump, dan 15 orang kelompok kontrol. Daya ledak otot tungkai diukur dengan test vertical jump. Data yang di dapat dianalisis dengan uji F (one way anova) pada taraf signifikansi (α) = 0,05 dengan bantuan komputer program SPSS 16.0. Hasil analisis data dari kelompok perlakuan side jump sprint terjadi peningkatan daya leda kotot tungkai sebesar 0,097, pada kelompok perlakuaan scissor jump sebesar 0,136 dan pada kelompok control sebesar 0,116. Hasil one awy anova variable daya ledak otot tungkai antara kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol didapat Fhitung 67,628 dan signifikansi 0,000 yang berarti terdapat perbedaan pengaruh pelatihan side jump sprint dan scissor jump terhadap daya ledak otot tungkai. . Berdasarkan hasil uji least significant difference (LSD), kelompok pelatihan side jump sprint lebih baik pengaruhnya sebesar 44,733 dibandingkan pelatihan sciisor jump terhadap peningkatan daya ledak otot tungkai. Disimpulkan bahwa; (1) pelatihan side jump sprint dan scissor jump berpengaruh pada peningkatan daya ledak otot tungkai. (2) terdapat perbedaan pengaruh pelatihan side jump sprint dan scissor jump terhadap peningkatan daya ledak otot tungkai. (3) pelatihan side jump sprint lebih baik dari pada pelatihan scissor jump terhadap peningkatan daya ledakotot tungkai Kata Kunci : side jump sprint , scissor jump, daya ledak otot tungkai. This research aims to know the influence of side jump sprint and scissor jump towards the improvement the explosive power of limp muscle. This research is a quasi experiment with the non-randomized control group pretest post test design. The subjects were students of extracurricular participants of volley ball at SMP Negeri 3 Abiansemal academic year 2016/2017 amounted to 45 people, then divided into 3 groups using ordinal pairing technique, 15 people were given side jump sprint training, 15 people were given scissor jump training, and 15 People control group. Limb muscle explosive power is measured by a vertical jump test. The data can be analyzed by F (one way anova) test at significance level (α) = 0,05 with computer program of SPSS 16.0. The result of data analysis from side sprint treatment group happened increased limb muscle explosive power of 0.097, in scissor jump treatment group 0.136 and control group 0.116. The result of one way anova variable of explosive muscle limb power between treatment group and control group was obtained Fcount 67,628 and significance 0,000 which mean there is difference of influence of training of side jump sprint and scissor jump on explosive power of limb muscle. . Based on the least significant difference (LSD) test results, the side jump sprint training group had a better effect of 44.733 than the scissor jump training on increasing the muscle limb power. It was concluded that; (1) the training of side jump sprints and scissor jumps has an effect on increasing the muscle tone of the leg muscles. (2) there is a difference in the effect of training of side jump sprint and scissor jump on the increase of explosive power of limb muscle. (3) side jump sprint training is better than scissor jump training on increasing the limbs . keyword : side jump sprint, scissor jump, explosive muscle limb power.

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PENGARUH PEMBERIAN GEL AIR KELAPA GADING (COCOS CAPITATA) TERHADAP TINGKAT KECEMASAN PADA HIPERSENSITIVITAS DENTIN Studi in vivo terhadap tikus wistar jantan

ODONTO Dental Journal ◽

10.30659/odj.3.2.133-137 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 133

Author(s):

Chariza Hanum Mayvita Iskandar ◽

Yayun Siti Rochmah ◽

Arlina Nurhapsari

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Positive Control ◽

Anxiety Level ◽

Positive Control Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Dentin Hypersensitivity ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Ivory palm water (Cocos capitata) has a high potassium content. Potassium ion can depolarized excited dental nerve on dentin hypersensitivity. This study was to determine the effect of water gel ivory palm against dentine hypersensitivity by the anxiety level of mice using RGS (Rat Grimace Scale).Method: This research has been through ethical clearance which researchmethod was quasy experimental in vivo. The sample was 16 Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) male 4-5 months with 4 mice in each group. Group I as a positive control. Group II as the ivory palm water gel 10% treatment group. Group III as the ivory palm water gel 70% treatment group. Group IV as a negative control. Research data analysis used Kruskal Wallis test with p <0.05 then continued by Mann Whitney test.Result: Kruskal Wallis test obtained significant difference between the four study groups (p <0.05). Mann Whitney test results in comparison either between positive control group and ivory palm water gel 10% and 70%, and comparison group of ivory palm water gel 10% and 70% weren’t significantly different.Conclusion: This study conclusion there was no significant difference between ivory palm water gel 10 % and 70 % in reducing anxiety level in male Wistar rats with dentinal hypersensitivity

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Pengaruh pemberian kopi terhadap kualitas spermatozoa tikus wistar (Rattus norvegicus) yang terpapar stres

Jurnal e-Biomedik ◽

10.35790/ebm.4.2.2016.14634 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Risnawati A. Haris ◽

Lydia Tendean ◽

Grace Turalaki

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Group Design ◽

Post Test ◽

Group 2 ◽

Light Form ◽

Group 1

Abstract: The coffee beans composed of the compound caffeine, palmitic acid, linoleic acid and acid stearic. The content of caffeine in coffee can improve spermatozoa motility that are not motile by inhibiting cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and affects the intracellular levels of cyclic AMP. Spermatozoa quality can be affected by various factors such as stress. In nocturnal animals, dark periode becomes a signal to do activity by suprachiasmatic nucleus. The change in activity of the nocturnal animals from initial condition in the dark then exposed to light can leads to stress. This study was aimed to determine the effect of coffee on the spermatozoa quality of wistar rats which had been exposed to stress. This was an experimental analytical study with a post-test only control group design. The study was conducted for 50 days from September to November 2016. The sample consisted of 9 rats divided into three groups: a control group (P0) is given only exposure to stress in the form of light, the treatment group 1 (P1) is given exposure to stress in the light form and liquid coffee 1 ml / kg and the treatment group 2 (P2) is given exposure to stress in the light form and coffee extracts. The results showed that there were significant differences in the concentration and motility treatment group 1 (P1) to the control group (P0) which is p <0.05 and significant differences in sperm motility treatment group 2 (P2) to the control group (P0) which is p <0.05. Conclusion: Coffee administration could improve the quality of spermatozoa of wistar rats exposed to stress.Keywords: stress, coffee, quality of spermatozoa. Abstrak: Biji kopi tersusun dari senyawa kafein, asam palmatik, asam linoleat dan asam stearik. Kandungan kafein yang terdapat didalam kopi mampu meningkatkan motilitas spermatozoa yang tidak motil dengan cara menghambat siklus nukleotida fosfodiesterase dan mempengaruhi level intraseluler dari siklus AMP. Kualitas spermatozoa juga dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor lain seperti stres. Pada hewan nokturnal periode gelap menjadi sinyal untuk beraktiftas dilakukan oleh suprachiasmatic nucleus. Perubahan aktivitas pada hewan nokturnal dari kondisi awalnya ditempat yang gelap lalu diberikan paparan cahaya dapat menyebabkan terjadinya stres. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian kopi terhadap kualitas spermatozoa tikus wistar yang terpapar stres. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental analitik dengan post-test only control group design. Penelitian dilakukan selama 50 hari dari bulan September – November 2016. Sampel sebanyak 9 ekor tikus dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok yaitu : kelompok kontrol (P0) hanya diberikan paparan stres berupa cahaya, kelompok perlakuan 1 (P1) diberikan paparan stres berupa cahaya dan cairan kopi 1 mL/KgBb dan kelompok perlakuan 2 (P2) diberikan paparan stres berupa cahaya dan ekstrak kopi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan pada konsentrasi dan motilitas spermatozoa kelompok perlakuan 1 (P1) terhadap kelompok kontrol (P0) yaitu p<0,05 dan perbedaan yang signifikan pada motilitas spermatozoa kelompok perlakuan 2 (P2) terhadap kelompok kontrol (P0) yaitu p<0,05. Simpulan: Pemberian kopi meningkatkan kualitas spermatozoa yang terpapar stres. Kata kunci: stres, kopi, kualitas spermatozoa

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Effects of Oral Administration of Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) on Obesity in Male Wistar Rats (Rattus Norvegicus)

BioScientia Medicina ◽

10.32539/bsm.v5i9.355 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (9) ◽

pp. 879-882

Author(s):

Mulyati Sri Rahayu ◽

Sri Wahyuni ◽

Yuziani

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Adult Male ◽

Rattus Norvegicus ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Monosodium Glutamate ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Group 2

Introduction: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is one of the most widely employed food enhancers. Although the umami compound, controversy persists regarding the effects of MSG intake on body weight. Chronic MSG intake may result in excessive body weight gain and obesity. Consumption of MSG result in organ damage, cardiovascular disease, oxidative stress, and also risk factors for obesity. This study aims to determine the effect of oral MSG on obesity in adult male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus).Methods: This true experimental study used the post-test control group design. Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control (received distilled water), Group 1 (MSG 0.378 mg/gr BW), Group 2 (0.756 mg/gr BW) and Group 3 (1.512 mg/gr BW). The obesity parameter was obtained by the Lee index. Kruskal-Wallis test follows by Mann-Whitney test were used to compare the Lee index between groups.Results: Lee’s index mean for each group was 358.4%, 314.1%, 287.8%, and 320.9%, respectively. The Kruskal Wallis test showed a significant difference in the Lee index between groups (p = 0.043). A follow-up test using Mann-Whitney found a significant difference between group 2 and the control group (p = 0.043, p <0.05). The mean of Lee index of group 2 was 70.51% lower than the control group.Conclusion: This study concluded that Lee index was not increased in MSG-treated rats than in the control group after oral MSG intervention for 21 days.

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The effect of X-ray irradiation to the formation of polychromatic erythrocyte cell micronucleus in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) ◽

10.20473/j.djmkg.v54.i3.p128-131 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 128

Author(s):

Eha Renwi Astuti ◽

Hutojo Djajakusuma ◽

Indeswati Diyatri ◽

Nastiti Faradilla Ramadhani

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Treatment Plan ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Clinical Parameter ◽

Control Group ◽

X Ray ◽

Polychromatic Erythrocytes ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Group 2

Background: Panoramic and cephalometric radiography is very important for diagnosis, treatment plan, and evaluation of orthodontic treatment results. Panoramic and cephalometric radiography are frequently performed at the same time, causing DNA damage and chromosome aberration. Purpose: This study aims to analyse the effect of X-ray exposure in panoramic and cephalometric radiography on micronuclei cell numbers. Methods: Laboratory-based analytical study with 60 healthy-male Wistar rats weighing 200–300 grams divided into 6 treatment groups (n=10). The control group: without radiographic exposure, the treatment group 2: using panoramic radiographic exposure followed by cephalometric, and the treatment group 3: using panoramic radiographic exposure and 24 hours later performed cephalometric radiographic. The unit of analysis was the polychromatic erythrocytes of mice cell, were examined 24 hours and 48 hours after irradiation had been finished. The polychromatic erythrocytes were examined using May-Gruenwald-Giemsa staining and 100x magnification under a microscope with 2000 cells per view. Data obtained were analysed using the SPSS 20 version software. The mean and standard deviations were calculated for each clinical parameter, and a one‐way ANOVA statistical test of significance was used. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: The analysis showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in the number of micronucleus in groups that used panoramic radiographic exposure followed by cephalometric. Conclusion: X-ray radiation can increase the number of micronucleus in polychromatic erythrocyte cells in rats.

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Why Mozart compositions during pregnancy should be exposed in the night. Study on apoptotic index of Rattus norvegicus offsprings’ brain neurons

Majalah Obstetri & Ginekologi ◽

10.20473/mog.v25i32017.97-102 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 97

Author(s):

Eka Nasrur Maulana ◽

Hermanto Tri Joewono ◽

Widjiati Widjiati ◽

Windhu Purnomo

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Rattus Norvegicus ◽

Apoptotic Index ◽

Assay Method ◽

Optimal Time ◽

Control Group ◽

Apoptosis Index ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Objectives: To analyze the optimal time to expose Mozart compositions(in the night/ dark) by measuring brain neural apoptotic index of Rattus norvegicus offspringsMaterials and Methods: This study used experimental random-ized post test only control group design in pregnant Rattus norvegicus. Subjects were divided into three groups at random, ie control group, 1 (1 hour Mozart exposure in dark) and 2 (1 hour Mozart in light), each comprised 8 females. After delivery, 2 heaviest Rattus norvegicus offsprings were chosen, totally 15 neonates in each group, then they were sacrificed with decapita-tion and the brain was prepared and stained using TUNEL assay method and the index of neurons cell apoptosis was calculated using microscope in 1000x magnification. This study was conducted at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Airlangga, after conducting ethical feasibility test.Results: There were no miscarriages, congenital malformation, preterm birth and deaths in all groups. The control group's neural apoptosis index was 55.98 ± 4.12, group one 24.87±3.45 and group two 23.82±3.89. Based on statistical test result, there was no significant difference of apoptosis index between treatment group 1 and treatment group 2, with p value 0,836 but significant difference was found between control group and treatment group 1 (p=0.002) and between control group and treatment group 2 (p=0.009). In dark group we found the lower average of apoptotic index, the lowest apoptotic index, 9 of 15 had the lowest, the heaviest head weight and 4 of 15 subjects had the heaviest head weightConclusion: There was no significant difference between the pro-vision of Mozart music in dark and light on brain neuron of Rattus norvegicus offsprings although lower average in the dark group especially if the extreme value exluded. In the dark group: we found the lower average of apoptotic index, the lowest apoptotic index, biggest proportion of the lowest index, the heaviest head and biggest proportion of heaviest head.

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