scholarly journals Characteristics of 137 macaw palm (Acrocomia aculeata) fruit accessions from Goias, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Edésio Fialho dos Reis ◽  
Jefferson Fernando Naves Pinto ◽  
Hildeu Ferreira da Assunção ◽  
Antonio Paulino da Costa Netto ◽  
Danielle Fabiola Pereira da Silva

Accessions of macaw palm fruits from the State of Goias, Brazil were characterized aiming the identification of groups with similar characteristics and indicate groups with higher agronomic potential, using multivariate tools. Fruit were harvested with completed yellow fruit bunches without whitish scores. The evaluated variables were fruit and almond length, fruit and almond diameters, fruit and dehydrated almond weight, average number of almonds, oil percentage of almond and dried fruit. The genetic diversity of populations was evaluated by Ward’s clustering method and Person´s correlation was obtained to evaluate the relative importance of each characteristic and variance analysis associated with Tukey´s test to verify the group’s effects. The studied population demonstrated great variability. The characteristics that most contributed to the variability were fruit weight and diameter and the almond´s oil percentage. Ward´s group analysis revealed six groups of similarity, being significant for all evaluated characteristics. Group VI stood out for all evaluated characteristics and group III presented the best averages for the almond´s weight and almonds and dried fruit oil percentage.

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Bednarek ◽  
Katarzyna Dudek ◽  
Krzysztof Kwiatek ◽  
Małgorzata Świątkiewicz ◽  
Sylwester Świątkiewicz ◽  
...  

Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the immune effects of genetically modified (GM), insect resistant corn (MON810) expressing toxin protein of Bacillus thuringiensis, and glyphosate-tolerant soybean meal (Roundup Ready MON-40-30-2), which are used as the feed mixture components in domestic animals. The study was conducted on 60 pigs (36 fatteners and 24 sows), 20 calves, 40 broilers, and 40 laying hens. Each species was divided into four basic nutritional groups: group I (control) - conventional feed, group II - feed consisted of GM soybean meal and non-modified corn, group III - non-modified soybean meal and GM corn, group IV - GM soybean meal and GM corn. Moreover, in the experiment on fatteners two additional groups were formed: group V - animals fed both conventional soybean meal and bruised grain, and group VI - GM soybean meal and conventional bruised grain. The results of study did not reveal any significant effect of feed mixtures containing GM components on the immune response in all animals regardless of their species and technological producing groups.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Reetu Arora ◽  
Yogesh Kumar ◽  
Neetu Jindal ◽  
Renu Aggarwal ◽  
Kavneet Takhar

Abstract Introduction The aim of obturation in the root canal is to completely seal the canal space to eliminate all the portals of entry and exit between root canal and periodontal space. Various techniques have been developed to achieve a hermetic seal. Materials and Methods As many as 150 extracted human maxillary central incisors were taken for the study. Biomechanical preparation was done up to F5 protaper file. According to different obturation techniques, samples were divided into six groups, keeping 30 samples in experimental and 15 samples in control groups. Group I–Lateral Condensation, Group II–Thermafil, Group III–Beefill, Group IV–GuttaFlow, Group V–Positive Control group, Group VI–Negative Control group. After obturation, the samples were immersed in 2% Rhodamine-B dye for 24 hours. Each sample was longitudinally sectioned to examine under confocal laser scanning microscope. Statistical Analysis The results were evaluated with ANOVA and posthoc Tukey honest significant difference (HSD) comparison test. Results The mean values of dye penetration of different groups were Group I (Lateral Condensation) 1.51 ± 0.451, Group II (Thermafil) 0.918 ± 0.399, Group III (Beefill) 1.30 ± 0.559. Group IV (GuttaFlow) 0.655 ± 0.396, Group V (Positive Control group) 1.96 ±0.046, Group VI (Negative Control group) 0 ± 0. The lowest mean value of apical microleakage was found in GuttaFlow amongst all experimental groups. Conclusion It can be concluded that the GuttaFlow obturating material exhibited better apical sealing ability with canal walls.


1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Glas-Greenwalt ◽  
M H Goldman

To determine the importance of the fibrinolytic system in renal transplantation on the one hand, and to establish a correlation between possible endothelial damage due to treatment of the renal graft and fibrinolytic parameters on the other, dogs were divided in six groups. Group I dogs were subjected to anesthesia only. Group II was sham operated. In group III, kidneys were perfused with the supernatant of either autologous or homologous cryo-precipitated plasma, and in group IV with albumin. In group V kidneys were cold stored. This was followed by autotransplantation. In group VI kidneys were perfused with albumin and allografted. Before and after transplantation, total plasma plasminogen (pro) activator activities in systemic and renal circulations were measured on fibrin plates after the addition of dextran sulfate and flufenamate to euglobulin fractions. Vascular activator (VA) was measured by adding Cl-inactivator. There was no marked difference between groups III, IV and VI. In comparing, however, group V with any of the perfused groups, an overall higher fibrinolytic activity was recorded both for intrinsic activators (p<.001) and VA (p<.001). in group I a significant drop in both activities (p<.01 -<.02) could be directly related to the duration of anesthesia with recovery within 24 hours. This pattern, though highly accentuated, revealed itself in all the other groups studied, with VA temporarily reaching zero-levels in the renal circulation in group VI. This data indicates the participation of the fibrinolytic system, in particular of the VA, in determining the fate of renal grafts.


Author(s):  
Anderson G. Costa ◽  
Elisângela Ribeiro ◽  
Roberto A. Braga ◽  
Francisco A. C. Pinto

ABSTRACT The macaw palm crop has been studied because of its bioenergy potential due to the high oil yield, which is linked to fruit maturity stage. Digital images have been adopted as a contactless way to obtain information about fruit surface area and volume, acting as a sensor for quality control and the classification of fruits, based on physical aspects during the maturation stage. The aim of this study was to estimate the volume of macaw palm fruits from digital models obtained by the Moiré technique using only one camera, associated with digital image-processing tools to unwarp the images, allowing the comparison with conventional methods. The volumes obtained by the Moiré technique were compared with those obtained by water displacement method (WDM) and millet-seed displacement method (SDM). The results show that the volumes measured by the Moiré technique exhibited a mean error of 13.54% compared with the SDM, and 11.09% when compared to WDM, which indicates that the digital Moiré technique is a robust, low-cost tool to measure the volume of macaw palm fruits.


1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 885 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Rettke ◽  
A. P. Dahlenburg

Summary. Thinning at full bloom was compared with thinning at 3 stages of fruit development and the effects on size, total soluble solids level (TSS) and yield of apricots are reported. In 2 seasons separate branches of 9-year-old Moorpark apricot trees were hand-thinned to a density of 1 blossom or fruit per 50 mm of fruiting wood. Times of thinning were at full bloom, 5–15 mm size fruit, stone tip hardening and 21 days post stone tip hardening. These treatments were compared with an unthinned control. Experimentation was carried out at Loxton, South Australia. All thinning treatments reduced the yield of fresh fruit. Thinning reduced yield of dried fruit irrespective of timing in the first season but only at the 5–15 mm diameter fruit timing in the second season. Total soluble solids level of the fruit was increased by thinning which tended to improve drying ratio. Compared to the unthinned control all thinning treatments increased the size of fresh fruit. Mean fruit weight and diameter progressively decreased as thinning was delayed from full bloom till stone tip hardening. Thinning at full bloom produced higher yields of 35-mm-grade dried fruit than other treatments. To achieve the greatest benefit from thinning it should be carried out at blossoming.


2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Resende Finzi ◽  
Gabriel Mascarenhas Maciel ◽  
Hugo Gabriel Peres ◽  
Marina Freitas e Silva ◽  
Joicy Vitória Miranda Peixoto ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT The use of dwarf lines to obtain mini-tomato hybrids has provided agronomic and economic benefits. In Brazil, round tomatoes predominate over other varieties. The benefits of using a dwarf parent in round tomato hybrids has yet to be explored, making it important to develop dwarf round tomato lines. Backcrossing is the most suitable method to develop these lines. Evaluation and selection of the dwarf populations can improve the development of such lines. Thus, the aim of this study was to select BC1F2 populations of dwarf round tomatoes with agronomic potential and high-quality fruit. The study was conducted at the Vegetable Experimental Station of the Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU). A randomized block design was used, with 15 treatments and three replicates. The genetic material analyzed consisted of 12 BC1F2 dwarf tomato populations, plus both parents (recurrent and donor) and a commercial hybrid. The characteristics assessed were: average fruit weight (g), total soluble solids (ºBrix), number of locules (locules per fruit-1), fruit shape, pulp thickness (cm), longitudinal (cm) and transverse fruit diameter (cm), internode length (cm) and plant height (cm). The data were submitted to mean testing, multivariate analyses and a selection index. In general, average fruit weight in the dwarf populations increased significantly after the first backcross, with some fruits exhibiting a similar shape to round tomatoes. Selection of the populations UFU-DTOM7, UFU-DTOM10, UFU-DTOM5, UFU-DTOM9, and UFU-DTOM3 resulted in an estimated 6% increase in the number of locules, transverse diameter, TD/LD ratio and average fruit weight. The BC1F2 dwarf populations UFU-DTOM7 and UFU-DTOM10 were the most promising for develop inbred lines with round fruits. Despite the considerable progress achieved in this study, we suggest a second backcross, in order to obtain lines and, posteriorly, hybrids with round fruits and compact plants.


Author(s):  
Yoce Aprianto ◽  
Asri Mega Putri ◽  
Hilyatul Fadliyah ◽  
Retno Murwanti ◽  
Edy Meiyanto

Exposure to relative chemicals has been shown to induce a genotoxic effect that can be observed through formation of micronucleus (MN) in polychromatic erythrocythes (PCE). Rumput Mutiara or Hedyotis corymbosa L. ethanolic extract (HcEE) is known to contain ursolic acid as major compound that possesses antigenotoxic activity on HepG2 cells. This study exerts in vivo approach aiming to evaluate the antigenotoxic effects of HcEE on cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced male Swiss mice. The ursolic acid on HcEE was determined by using thin layer chromatography with silica gel as stationary phase and chloroform-aceton (9:1) as mobile phase. The antigenotoxic activity was carried out by in vivo micronucleus test. Twenty four adult mice were equally divided into seven groups. Group I: control (untreated); group II: Na-CMC 0.5%; group III: CP 50 mg/kg BW; group IV: CP+HcEE 250 mg/kg BW; group V: CP+HcEE 500 mg/kg BW; group VI: CP+HcEE 1000 mg/kg BW; group VII: HcEE 1000 mg/kg BW. HcEE were given for seven days, while CP was administered on the last two days. On the seventh day, the peripheral blood from all mice were collected, smeared, and then stained with Giemsa. The frequencies of MNPCEs and %PCEs were evaluated. Molecular docking was performed to know the interaction between ursolic acid and CYP3A4 by using PLANTS software. There was similar hRF spot between HcEE with ursolic acid standard reference indicated that the extract almost positively contain ursolic acid. HcEE reduced MNPCEs significantly compared to CP group (p<0.05) and combination of CP with HcEE showed reduction of %PCEs (p<0.05). Based on molecular docking analysis, ursolic acid gave lower docking score than CP against CYP3A4 (PDB ID: 2V0M) and similar binding site on amino acid residues Ala 448, Ile 369, Thr 309, and Val 313. All of these data suggest that HcEE perform protective effect against CP-induced genotoxicity.Keywords: Antigenotoxic, Hedyotis corymbosa L., cyclophosphamide, micronucleus, molecular docking


2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Galdino Cavalcante Neto ◽  
Karmita Thainá Correia Ferreira ◽  
Fernando Antonio Souza de Aragão ◽  
Rafaela Priscila Antônio ◽  
Glauber Henrique de Sousa Nunes

ABSTRACT: Melon or muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) is of considerable economic importance in Brazil. Nearly all the cultivars currently grown are hybrids. Heterosis has been used to advantage in the melon plant, and the use of uniform hybrids is one of the reasons for successful cultivation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the agronomic potential of yellow melon lines and hybrids. An experiment was conducted in randomized blocks with three replications to evaluate 24 hybrids generated by crosses among three elite lines used as female parents (AF-01, AF-02, and AF-03) and eight lines used as male parents (LAM-01, LAM-02, LAM-03, LAM-04, LAM-05, LAM-06, LAM-07, and LAM-08). Yield and fruit quality traits were evaluated. Partial diallel analysis was carried out to estimate general combining ability and specific combining ability. Additive and non-additive effects were observed for the yield, mean fruit weight, and pulp thickness traits. The lines AF-02, LAM-02, and LAM-03 are the most promising as parents as they more frequently have favorable alleles. The most prominent hybrids in diallel analysis were AF-02 x LAM-02, AF-02 x LAM-03, AF-02 x LAM-04, and AF-03 x LAM-06.


2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 634-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson G. Costa ◽  
Francisco de A. de C. Pinto ◽  
Sérgio Y. Motoike ◽  
Roberto A. Braga Júnior ◽  
Luis M. Navas Gracia
Keyword(s):  

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
G.Yu. BEREZKINA ◽  
S.L. VOROBYEVA ◽  
E.M. KISLYAKOVA ◽  
A.A. KOREPANOVA

Изучено влияние возраста и живой массы при первом осеменении на воспроизводительные качества коровпервотелок чернопестрой породы в племенных заводах Удмуртской Республики. Исследования проводились в период с 2015 по 2018 гг. Для проведения исследований были сформированы 6 групп животных в зависимости от возраста первого осеменения. В I группу вошли коровы с возрастом первого осеменения до 13 мес, во II от 13,1 до 15 мес, в III от 15,1 до 17, в IV от 17,1 до 19, в V от 19,1 до 21 и в VI группу от 21 мес и старше. При этом живая масса телок в I группе в среднем составила 349,5 кг, во II 370,9, в III 387,7, в IV 400,2, в V 420,7 и в VI группе 440,2 кг. Анализ возраста первого осеменения в племенных хозяйствах республики показал, что средний возраст плодотворного осеменения в 2018 году составил 17,0 мес. с живой массой 394 кг. По результатам экспериментальных исследований нами получено, что лучшие воспроизводительные показатели и молочная продуктивность выявлена у коровпервотелок, которых осеменяли в возрасте 14,6 мес. В данной группе продолжительность сервиспериода составила 127,3 дня, коэффициент воспроизводительной способности 0,90, выход телят на 100 коров составил более 85,3. Удой за 305 дней лактации, у коровпервотелок второй опытной группы составил 6332,3 кг с массовой долей жира 3,65 и белка 3,15 .The influence of age and live weight at the first insemination on reproductive qualities of cowsborn black and white breed in breeding farms of the Udmurt Republic was studied. The studies were conducted between 2015 and 2018. For the research 6 groups of animals were formed depending on the age of the first insemination. Group I included cows with the age of first insemination up to 13 months, in group II from 13.1 to 15 months, in III group from 15.1 to 17 months, in group IV from 17.1 to 19 months, in group V from 19.1 to 21 months and in VI group from 21 months and more. At the same time, the live weight of heifers in group I averaged 349.5 kg, in group II370.9 kg, in group III 387.7 kg, in group IV 400.2 kg, in group V 420.7 kg and in group VI 440.2 kg. The analysis of the age of the first insemination in breeding farms of the Republic showed that the average age of fruitful insemination in 2018 was 17.0 months with a live weight of 394 kg. According to the results of experimental studies, we obtained that the best reproductive performance and milk productivity was revealed in cows, which were inseminated at the age of 14.6 months. In this group, the duration of the service period was 127.3 days, the coefficient of reproductive capacity 0.90, yield of calves per 100 cows. Milk yield for 305 days of lactation, in cows of the second experimental group was 6332.3 kg with a mass fraction of fat 3.65 and protein 3.15.


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