scholarly journals Student Attitudes to an Online, Peer-instruction, Revision Aid in Science Education

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Mac Raighne ◽  
Morag M Casey ◽  
Robert Howard ◽  
Barry Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Student Attitudes ◽  
Class Group ◽  
Peer Instruction ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Science Students ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Web Tool ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Positive Effect

Peer instruction has been shown to have a positive effect on students’ engagement and learning. However, many of the techniques designed to incorporate peer instruction into the student experience are very heavy on resources. PeerWise is a free, low-maintenance, web-tool designed to allow peer instruction between students within a large class group. Students can write, answer and discuss Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) based on their work in-class. In this study, we introduce PeerWise to a wide and varied cohort of science students (N=509) across different disciplines, undergraduate years, levels (certificate to honours degree) and institutes. The attitudes of the students to PeerWise are probed using a questionnaire (356 respondents). This includes responses to Likert-style questions and thematic analysis carried out on free-text responses. It is found that the students are positive about the addition of PeerWise and recognise the advantages of the software in their learning. They recognise, and articulate, the advantages of PeerWise as an active-learning, peer-instruction revision tool. Further advantages and disadvantages are discussed, such as the flooding of system with easy and/or repetitive questions. Overall, the results are positive and are very similar across the varied class groups. In this study, PeerWise performs as free and low-maintenance software that allows the addition of (another) peer-instruction aspect to modules.

scholarly journals Moving online: young people and parents’ experiences of adolescent eating disorder day programme treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillipa Louise Brothwood ◽  
Julian Baudinet ◽  
Catherine S. Stewart ◽  
Mima Simic
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Treatment Delivery ◽  
Therapeutic Practice ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Online Treatment ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Lost In Translation ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background This study examined the experiences of young people and their parents who attended an intensive day treatment programme for eating disorders online during the global COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Online questionnaires were completed by 14 adolescents (12–18 years) and their parents (n = 19). The questionnaires included a mixture of rating questions (Likert scale) and free text responses. Free text responses were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results Three main themes were identified: 1) New discoveries, 2) Lost in translation and 3) The best of a bad situation. This study provides insight into the benefits and pitfalls of online treatment delivery in the adolescent day programme context, which has rapidly had to become part of the everyday therapeutic practice. Results indicate that there are advantages and disadvantages to this, and that parents and young people’s views differed. Conclusions This study suggests that the increased accessibility provided by online working does not necessarily translate to increased connection. Given the importance of therapeutic alliance in treatment outcomes, this will be an important consideration for future developments of online intensive treatments.

The Bank Robbery: A Behavioral Observation Exercise for Enhancing Understanding of Reliability

2021 ◽  
pp. 009862832110227
Author(s):  
Peter Strelan
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Observation ◽  
Student Understanding ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Bank Robbery ◽  
Short Video ◽  
Learn By Doing ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Teaching Implications

Background: The concept of reliability is central to conducting—and understanding—research in Psychology. Students’ understanding of concepts are strengthened when they learn by applying concepts. Objective: This article describes initial evidence of an activity for teaching reliability. Method: Students watched a short video of a staged bank robbery. They then tested the reliability of two different forms of police instructions for eyewitness recall. In so doing, they gained practice at calculating and interpreting inter-rater reliability and test-retest reliability. Results: Data collected from N = 191 students indicates that the exercise has a statistically significant positive effect on student understanding of and confidence about reliability concepts contributes to a roughly 20% increase in performance when comparing responses on pre- and post-exercise multiple choice questions. Conclusion: The activity gives students practice with the concept of reliability in a way that is engaging and memorable insofar as it demonstrates the implications of reliability for the real world. Teaching Implications: The activity is straightforward to implement and encourages students to learn by “doing.”

scholarly journals Why do people end up buying fake medicines online? A thematic analysis of newspaper articles

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i1-i1
Author(s):  
P Donyai ◽  
N Patel ◽  
H Almomani
Keyword(s):  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Normative Beliefs ◽  
Planned Behaviour ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Indirect Measures ◽  
Newspaper Articles

Abstract Introduction The internet provides a platform for both legal and illegal online suppliers of medicines, which are sometimes difficult to distinguish between. Therefore, consumers accessing the internet are at risk of purchasing fake medicines from illegal suppliers. This is particularly problematic when people buy Prescription-Only Medicines (POMs) from the internet, despite an abundance of governmental campaigns 1. This under-researched issue has nonetheless been highlighted in news articles in the past few years which are a potential source of information, albeit informally, about how and why people end up buying fake medicines via the internet. This study is phase-1 of a larger study that aims to develop a questionnaire using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB)2 to examine risky online purchasing of medicines to help focus future campaigns. Aim The aim is to identify the factors that lead people to inadvertently buy fake POMs online by examining newspaper articles covering this topic and categorising the findings according to the TPB’s indirect measures; namely, behavioural beliefs, normative beliefs, and control beliefs. Methods Newspaper articles were collected from the electronic database “ProQuest” using a series of search words for retrieving newspaper articles covering the purchasing of fake medicines online throughout the world. The search was limited to articles published from April-2019 to March-2020 to retrieve relevant articles in this fast-developing field. Articles that did not focus on POMs or only covered the supply side (e.g. efforts to combat illegal suppliers) were excluded. After evaluating each article using the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 52 articles remained. Thematic analysis was employed to analyse the newspaper articles against the TPB. The NVivo software program (version 12) was used to aid the generation of the themes. Results Using thematic analysis, 12 themes were generated and categorised according to the TPB’s indirect measures as follows. The behavioural beliefs (i.e. advantages and disadvantages of buying medicines online) included a perception of convenience, low price, privacy of the purchase, potential harmful effect, low quality, and lack of medical oversight. The normative beliefs (i.e. social factors influencing decisions to buy medicines online) included endorsement by influencers, deceptive marketing by suppliers, as well as organizations fighting the fake supply chain. The control beliefs (i.e. what encourages or stops purchasing medicines online) included encountering medicines shortages, outbreak of pandemic diseases, and accessibility issues. Conclusion This newspaper-analysis study created an initial map of ideas for why consumers might inadvertently buy fake POMs online highlighting the complexity of personal beliefs as well as a range of external circumstances. Further exploring these factors provides the basis for future campaigns for changing/controlling the purchasing of fake medicines online. Although the newspaper articles offer a wide range of data and provide different points of view, the validity of their content cannot be proven and are taken at face value. Therefore, the next step for this study is to complete semi-structured interviews with consumers purchasing medicines online (Phase-2) to verify the themes generated in Phase-1 before developing a larger questionnaire study (Phase-3). References 1. HM Government. Protect your health when buying medicines online. Accessed 08 October 2020 from: https://fakemeds.campaign.gov.uk/ 2. Ajzen, I. The theory of planned behaviour. Organizational behaviour and human decision processes. 1991; 50 (2),179–211.

A Mixed Methods Analysis of Parental Perspectives on Diagnosis and Prognosis of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Graduates With Cerebral Palsy

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 336-343
Author(s):  
Katherine Guttmann ◽  
John Flibotte ◽  
Sara B. DeMauro ◽  
Holli Seitz
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Word Count ◽  
Linguistic Inquiry

This study aimed to evaluate how parents of former neonatal intensive care unit patients with cerebral palsy perceive prognostic discussions following neuroimaging. Parent members of a cerebral palsy support network described memories of prognostic discussions after neuroimaging in the neonatal intensive care unit. We analyzed responses using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count, manual content analysis, and thematic analysis. In 2015, a total of 463 parents met eligibility criteria and 266 provided free-text responses. Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count analysis showed that responses following neuroimaging contained negative emotion. The most common components identified through the content analysis included outcome, uncertainty, hope/hopelessness, and weakness in communication. Thematic analysis revealed 3 themes: (1) Information, (2) Communication, and (3) Impact. Parents of children with cerebral palsy report weakness in communication relating to prognosis, which persists in parents’ memories. Prospective work to develop interventions to improve communication between parents and providers in the neonatal intensive care unit is necessary.

scholarly journals Patients’ Perspectives on User Involvement in General Practice. A Qualitative Analysis of Free-Text Comments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgitte Nørgaard ◽  
Signe Beck Titlestad ◽  
Michael Marcussen
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Patient Involvement ◽  
User Involvement ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Personalized Care ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Healthcare Practice ◽  
Collection Period ◽  
Core Role

Abstract Background: General practice plays a core role in managing the pathways of patients with chronic diseases. Despite the increased focus on patient involvement in healthcare practice and well-established knowledge of the benefits of involvement and personalized care, involvement in general practice appears to be challenged. This study aimed to explore patient involvement in general practice from the patients’ perspectives. Method: The study involved a questionnaire survey investigating patient involvement in general practice from the patients’ perspectives. The validated questionnaire includes an open-ended question encouraging responders to provide additional comments regarding their involvement in general practice. The results from these comments are presented in this paper. A thematic analysis was applied. Results: Of the 468 responses, 139 included additional comments to the free-text question. Through our analysis, six analytic themes were generated—To be seen, met, or heard, To feel safe or not, To be involved or dictated to, Accessibility, COVID-19, and For the resourceful—across 116 codings and 25 descriptive themes. The themes’ interwovenness underscores the complexity of both involvement and how it is to live with a chronic disease. Our analysis indicates that involvement in general practice is for the resourceful.Conclusion: The six themes describing involvement in general practice from the perspectives of patients with T2DM and/or COPD were deeply intertwined. Involvement is dependent on being seen, met, and heard, all of which contribute to the patients’ sense of feeling safe (or not). These aspects are dependent on accessibility to a general practitioner; thus, COVID-19 was a barrier during the data-collection period. Furthermore, it appeared that being resourceful not only contributed to a sense of being involved in general practice but was perhaps even a prerequisite for being involved.

scholarly journals Business Analytics and Its Role in Managing the Competitiveness of an Enterprise

2020 ◽  
pp. 214-220
Author(s):  
Bohdan Dmitrishin ◽  
◽  
Maksym Boroviy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Business Analytics ◽  
Business Decision ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Business Analysis ◽  
Enterprise Competitiveness ◽  
Positive Effect

The purpose of the article is to develop the methodological foundations of business analytics as a necessary component in the competitiveness management system of a modern enterprise. The article is devoted to solving the problem of relations business analytics (in particular business decision support systems) and systemic characteristics of enterprise competitiveness management. Substantiation of factors influencing the formation of the competitiveness of an enterprise becomes significant at this stage of development of the national economy. The publication summarizes the tasks, principles and goals of business analytics. The relations between business analytics and enterprise competitiveness is defined and structured. Business analytics aims to simplify the work of the company as much as possible, increasing the profitability of sales and minimizing losses, which will certainly have a positive effect on the competitiveness of an enterprise. It is noted that the qualitative improvement of the range and intellectual potential of an enterprise has a positive effect on the competitiveness of manufactured goods (services), personnel of an enterprise. Factors influencing the competitiveness of an enterprise are established and substantiated. The types of relations between business strategy and business analytics are analyzed. The significance and necessity of conducting business analysis for making managerial decisions are revealed. The tools of a business analyst in a rapidly changing environment are proposed. Ukrainian enterprises are recommended to use not static, but strategically-oriented adaptive systems of competitiveness management, based on the widespread use of business process modeling and business intelligence tools. Further research should be focused on the implementation of modern methods of business analytics in enterprises, taking into account the experience of the most developed countries, conducting a comparative analysis of business analysis tools to reveal their full potential, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages.

scholarly journals Core curriculum in pathology for future Irish medical students

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary Humphreys ◽  
Niall Stevens ◽  
Louise Burke ◽  
Mariam Sheehan ◽  
Siobhán Glavey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Core Curriculum ◽  
Medical Doctor ◽  
Medical Graduate ◽  
Medical Council ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Traditional Lecture ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Key Aspects

AbstractPathology is important in training to become a medical doctor but as curricula become more integrated, there is a risk that key aspects of pathology may be excluded. Following a survey of the current delivery of teaching in Ireland under the auspices of the Faculty of Pathology at the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland, suggested components of a core curriculum in pathology have been developed to be delivered at some stage during the medical course. These have been based on key principles and themes required by the Medical Council in Ireland. Professionalism is one of the core principles emphasised by the Medical Council. It includes the role of the pathologist in patient care and other professional values such as patient-centred care, clinical competencies and skills, e.g. explaining results, and knowledge under the various sub-disciplines, i.e. histopathology (including neuropathology), clinical microbiology, haematology, chemical pathology and immunology. In each of these, we suggest key aspects and activities that the medical graduate should be comfortable in carrying out. The methods of delivery of teaching and assessment across pathology disciplines have evolved and adapted to recent circumstances. Lessons have been learned and insights gained during the COVID-19 pandemic as educators have risen to the challenge of continuing to educate medical students. Integrated and multi-disciplinary teaching is recommended to reflect best the professional environment of the medical graduate who works as an integral part of a multi-disciplinary team, with the minimum dependence on the traditional lecture, where at all possible. Finally, options on assessment are discussed, e.g. multiple-choice questions, including their respective advantages and disadvantages.

scholarly journals A comparative study of handwriting and computer typing in note-taking by university students

Comunicar ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (48) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estíbaliz Aragón-Mendizábal ◽  
Cándida Delgado-Casas ◽  
José-I. Navarro-Guzmán ◽  
Inmaculada Menacho-Jiménez ◽  
Manuel-F. Romero-Oliva
Keyword(s):  
Health Science ◽  
Science Students ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Health Science Students ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Common Strategy ◽  
Pencil And Paper ◽  
Los Grupos ◽  
Estudiantes Universitarios

Taking notes is a common strategy among higher education students, and has been found to affect their academic performance. Nowadays, however, the use of computers is replacing the traditional pencil-and-paper methodology. The present study aims to identify the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of computer (typing) and pencil-and-paper (handwriting) for taking notes by college students. A total of 251 social and health science students participated in the study. Two experimental conditions were chosen: taking notes by hand (n=211), and taking notes by computer (n=40). Those that used computer-written notes performed better on tasks based on reproducing the alphabet, writing sentences, and recognizing words (p<.05). However, those using handwritten notes performed better on free recall tasks (p<.05). Differences between the two conditions were statistically significant rejecting the hypothesis of equality between groups (X2=60.98; p<.0001). In addition, the discriminant analysis confirmed that 77.3% of students were correctly classified by the experimental conditions. Although the computer allowed for greater velocity when taking notes, handwriting enhanced students’ grades when performing memory tasks. La toma de apuntes es una estrategia generalizada del alumnado de Educación Superior y se ha constatado su influencia en el rendimiento académico. El uso del ordenador está desplazando al método tradicional de lápiz y papel. El presente estudio pretende arrojar luz sobre las ventajas y los inconvenientes derivados del uso de uno u otro método en la toma de apuntes en las aulas universitarias. Un total de 251 estudiantes universitarios de ciencias sociales y ciencias de la salud participaron en el estudio. Se plantearon dos condiciones experimentales: toma de notas de forma manual (n=211) y de manera electrónica (n=40). Se hallaron diferencias a favor del grupo que usó el ordenador en las tareas basadas en completar el abecedario, escribir frases y reconocer palabras anotadas previamente (p<.05). Sin embargo, en la tarea de recuerdo libre los resultados reflejaron un mejor desempeño del grupo que tomó notas manualmente (p<.05). Se rechazó la hipótesis de igualdad entre los grupos (X2=60,98; p<.0001). Además, el análisis discriminante confirmó que el 77,3% de los alumnos fueron clasificados correctamente según su condición experimental. El uso del ordenador resultó muy útil cuando se trataba de anotar datos con rapidez; sin embargo, en las tareas de recuerdo los alumnos de escritura manual obtuvieron mejores puntuaciones que los de escritura electrónica.

British doctors’ work–life balance and home-life satisfaction: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. postgradmedj-2021-141338
Author(s):  
Swati Parida ◽  
Abdullah Aamir ◽  
Jahangir Alom ◽  
Tania A Rufai ◽  
Sohaib R Rufai
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Work Life Balance ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Life Balance ◽  
Home Life

PurposeTo assess British doctors’ work–life balance, home-life satisfaction and associated barriers.Study designWe designed an online survey using Google Forms and distributed this via a closed social media group with 7031 members, exclusively run for British doctors. No identifiable data were collected and all respondents provided consent for their responses to be used anonymously. The questions covered demographic data followed by exploration of work–life balance and home-life satisfaction across a broad range of domains, including barriers thereto. Thematic analysis was performed for free-text responses.Results417 doctors completed the survey (response rate: 6%, typical for online surveys). Only 26% reported a satisfactory work–life balance; 70% of all respondents reported their work negatively affected their relationships and 87% reported their work negatively affected their hobbies. A significant proportion of respondents reported delaying major life events due to their working patterns: 52% delaying buying a home, 40% delaying marriage and 64% delaying having children. Female doctors were most likely to enter less-than-full-time working or leave their specialty. Thematic analysis revealed seven key themes from free-text responses: unsocial working, rota issues, training issues, less-than-full-time working, location, leave and childcare.ConclusionsThis study highlights the barriers to work–life balance and home-life satisfaction among British doctors, including strains on relationships and hobbies, leading to many doctors delaying certain milestones or opting to leave their training position altogether. It is imperative to address these issues to improve the well-being of British doctors and improve retention of the current workforce.

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