scholarly journals Evaluation of Hexane Content in Edible Vegetable Oils Consumed in Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Yousefi ◽  
Mojtaba Yousefi ◽  
Hedayat Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Hexane Content ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sunflower Oils ◽  
Canola Oils ◽  
Solvent Residue

Solvent residue such as hexane in foodstuff, especially edible oil could be considered as the undesirable substances when exceeds maximum residue limit (MRL). The aim of this study is to determine the hexane content in various brands of edible oils. Totally forty samples (23 brands) of different types of vegetable oils including frying oils (n=14), blended oils (n=13), sunflower oils (n=6), corn oils (n=5) and canola oils (n=2) from Iran´s market were analyzed for hexane content using solid phase microextraction gas chromatography equipped with a flame-ionization detector (SPME)-GC-(FID). The hexane residue was detected in thirty-six out of forty examined samples, ranged from lower than LOD to 42.6 µg/kg. However, in all of them hexane content were below the MRL of 1 mg/kg which set by the European Union.

scholarly journals Biolarvicidal Potentials of the Methanolic-Leaf-Extracts of Selected Tropical Plant Species

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Patrick B. Solomon ◽  
Ayodele A. Oyedeji ◽  
Frankland O. Briyai ◽  
Dorcas D. S. Bawo ◽  
Jasper F.N Abowei
Keyword(s):  
Edible Oils ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Hexane Content ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Tropical Plant ◽  
Sunflower Oils ◽  
Canola Oils ◽  
Solvent Residue

Solvent residue such as hexane in foodstuff, especially edible oil could be considered as the undesirable substances when exceeds maximum residue limit (MRL). The aim of this study is to determine the hexane content in various brands of edible oils. Totally forty samples (23 brands) of different types of vegetable oils including frying oils (n=14), blended oils (n=13), sunflower oils (n=6), corn oils (n=5) and canola oils (n=2) from Iran´s market were analyzed for hexane content using solid phase microextraction gas chromatography equipped with a flame-ionization detector (SPME)-GC-(FID). The hexane residue was detected in thirty-six out of forty examined samples, ranged from lower than LOD to 42.6 µg/kg. However, in all of them hexane content were below the MRL of 1 mg/kg which set by the European Union.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Oil Types and Grades on Tocopherol and Tocotrienol Contents in Vegetable Oils with Chemometric Methods

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (21) ◽  
pp. 5076
Author(s):  
Yunqi Wen ◽  
Lili Xu ◽  
Changhu Xue ◽  
Xiaoming Jiang ◽  
Zihao Wei
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Sunflower Oils ◽  
Sacha Inchi Oil ◽  
Sacha Inchi ◽  
Oil Refinement ◽  
The Impact

The consumption of vegetable oil is an important way for the body to obtain tocols. However, the impact of oil types and grades on the tocopherol and tocotrienol contents in vegetable oils is unclear. In this study, nine types of traditional edible oils and ten types of self-produced new types of vegetable oil were used to analyze eight kinds of tocols. The results showed that the oil types exerted a great impact on the tocol content of traditional edible oils. Soybean oils, corn oils, and rapeseed oils all could be well distinguished from sunflower oils. Both sunflower oils and cotton seed oils showed major differences from camellia oils as well as sesame oils. Among them, rice bran oils contained the most abundant types of tocols. New types of oil, especially sacha inchi oil, have provided a new approach to obtaining oils with a high tocol content. Oil refinement leads to the loss of tocols in vegetable oil, and the degree of oil refinement determines the oil grade. However, the oil grade could not imply the final tocol content in oil from market. This study could be beneficial for the oil industry and dietary nutrition.

scholarly journals Dialkylketones in Paperboard Food Contact Materials—Method of Analysis in Fatty Foods and Comparative Migration into Liquid Simulants Versus Foodstuffs

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 915
Author(s):  
Antía Lestido-Cardama ◽  
Ángela Störmer ◽  
Roland Franz
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Contact Materials ◽  
Food Contact ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Sunflower Oils ◽  
Sizing Agents ◽  
Migration Limit

Dialkyl diketene dimers are used as sizing agents in the manufacture of paper and board for food contact applications to increase wetting stability. Unbound residues can hydrolyze and decarboxylate into dialkylketones. These non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) have potential to migrate to fatty foods in contact with those packaging materials. In Germany, the Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) established a specific migration limit (SML) of 5 mg/kg for the transfer of these dialkylketones into foodstuffs. In order to investigate the differences between simulants and real foods, an analytical method was optimized for extraction and quantification of dialkylketones in edible oils and fatty foods by gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detection (GC-FID), and additionally by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), to confirm their identification and to quantify them in case of interferences. Dialkylketones are separated from the extracted fat by alkaline saponification of the triglycerides. Dialkylketones migration from paper-based food contact articles into organic solvents isooctane and dichloromethane, in olive and sunflower oils, and in fatty foods (croissants, Gouda, cheddar cheese, and salami was studied). As a result, it was found that the simulating tests, including the edible oil extraction tests, gave migration values that exceeded the SML largely, while the migration with the food samples were largely below the SML.

scholarly journals Offline Solid-Phase Extraction and Separation of Mineral Oil Saturated Hydrocarbons and Mineral Oil Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Edible Oils, and Analysis via GC with a Flame Ionization Detector

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2026
Author(s):  
José Luis Hidalgo Hidalgo Ruiz ◽  
Javier Arrebola Arrebola Liébanas ◽  
José Luis Martínez Martínez Vidal ◽  
Antonia Garrido Garrido Frenich ◽  
Roberto Romero Romero-González
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Flame Ionization Detector ◽  
Ionization Detector ◽  
Saturated Hydrocarbons ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Online Extraction

A method was developed for the determination of mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) and mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH) in edible oils, achieving similar limits of quantification than those obtained by online extraction methodologies, i.e., 0.5 mg/kg. The isolation of MOSH and MOAH was performed in a silver nitrated silica gel stationary phase prior to their analysis by gas chromatography–flame ionization detector (GC-FID). To improve the sensitivity, the simulated on-column injection method, using a suitable liner, was optimized. The method was validated at 0.5, 10.0 and 17.9 mg/kg, and recoveries ranged from 80 to 110%. Intra and inter-day precision were evaluated at the same levels, and relative standard deviation (RSD) was lower than 20%. The method was applied to a total of 27 samples of different types of oil previously analyzed in an accredited laboratory, detecting MOSH up to 79.2 mg/kg and MOAH up to 22.4 mg/kg.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF QUALITATIVE PARAMETERS IN SOAP PRODUCED FROM BLEND OF NEEM AND CASTOR OIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
A.H Usman ◽  
B. Mukhtar
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Chemical Compound ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Soap Production

Soap is a chemical compound formed by interaction of fatty acids and metal radicals. Different types of vegetable oils have been found to be good candidates for soap production due to their saponifiable nature. However, edible oils are often expensive to use for soap production due to competing demand between commercial and domestic buyers. So, in this work, blend of nonedible neem and castor oils were used at different proportions to produce various soap samples. The foregoing was achieved via the two well-known processes of soap production, that is; the hot and cold processes. The work investigated the parameters that influence the quality of soap and determined their optimum values using various blends of the oils. Six samples were produced, and their properties analyzed and compared with two commercial samples to determine a blend with the most desirable qualities. The yield, foamability, pH, hardness and cleansing power of the produced soap samples were determined. It was found that the blend of 60 ml neem oil and 40 ml castor oil was the best with a yield of 70.4%, foamability of 11.8 cm, pH of 10.42 and a high cleansing power. The results were found to be consistent with those of the two commercial samples used as controls. Keywords: Castor, cleansing power, foamability, hardness, neem, oil, soap samples

ACTIVATION OF THE TRANSESTERIFICATIONS PROCESS OF VEGETABLE OILS TRIGLYCERIDES WITH METHANOL UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF MAGNETIC FIELD

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 3630-3634
Author(s):  
T.A. Mamedova ◽  
Z.M. Aliyeva ◽  
A.E. Aliyeva ◽  
R.T. Samedov ◽  
V.M. Abbasov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Alkyl Esters ◽  
Sunflower Oils ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The process of producing mono-alkyl esters of fatty acids from cottonseed and sunflower oils under the influence of the magnetic field with intensity  15-45 mT  was  investigated . It was revealed that the use of the energy of  magnetic field allows to reduce the reaction time to 10 times, the excess of used alcohol to 2 times while maintaining high yield of the desired product.

Narratives of Queer Migration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Gray ◽  
Mike Baynham
Keyword(s):  
The European Union ◽  
Spatial Mobility ◽  
Class Politics ◽  
Depth Migration ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Global North ◽  
Economic Necessity ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

This chapter considers the phenomenon of queer migration from a linguistic perspective, paying particular attention to the constitutive role of spatial mobility in narrative and its role in the construction of queer migrant identities. The chapter begins by looking at the way in which queer migration has been discussed in the literature and then moves on to address three different types of queer migration in greater depth: migration within national borders from the village/countryside to the city; migration between cities in member states within the context of the European Union; and finally, asylum-seeking within the context of migration from the Global South to the Global North. The chapter concludes by suggesting that queer migration is a complex phenomenon in which the intersection of sexuality, gender identity, desire, affect, abjection, economic necessity, class, politics, and fear for one’s life combine in ways that are unique in the lives of individual migrants.

Determination of Bisphenol A in Milk and Dairy Products by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1439-1443 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEONG-HUN KANG ◽  
FUSAO KONDO
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Condensed Milk ◽  
Oasis Hlb ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

This study was conducted to develop a selective and sensitive method for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA) levels in milk and dairy products. A method based on solvent extraction with acetonitrile and solid-phase extraction (SPE) was developed for the analysis of BPA in milk, yogurt, cream, butter, pudding, condensed milk, and flavored milk, and a method using two SPE cartridges (OASIS HLB and Florisil cartridge) for skim milk was also developed. The developed methods showed good recovery levels (77 to 102%) together with low detection limits (1 μg/liter for milk, yogurt, pudding, condensed milk, flavored milk, and skim milk and 3 μg/liter for cream and butter). These methods are simple, sensitive, and suitable for the analysis of BPA in milk and dairy products. When 40 milk and dairy products were analyzed by the proposed methods, BPA was not identified in noncanned products, but its levels ranged from 21 to 43 μg/kg in canned products, levels that were 60- to 140-fold lower than the migration limits in the European Union and Japan.

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