scholarly journals Molecular pathogenetic aspects in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Ye. A. Troshina ◽  
G. A. Gerasimov ◽  
G. F. Alexandrova
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tumor Diseases ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
The One ◽  
Diagnosis Of Thyroid Cancer

Thyroid cancer accounts for 1 - 1.5% of all malignant neoplasms. In recent years, there has been a trend towards an increase in the prevalence of this disease. On the one hand, the frequency of detection of thyroid cancer is associated with the introduction of a number of modern methods of examining patients and the increased oncological alertness of doctors. On the other hand, there is evidence of an increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer associated with an unfavorable environmental situation. An example of this is an increase in the frequency of thyroid damage in people exposed to radiation after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. There is evidence that in Japan, thyroid cancer is detected 10 times more often among the population that has undergone nuclear bombing than among other residents of the country. Exogenous risk factors include external x-ray irradiation, previously carried out for medical purposes for various benign and non-tumor diseases of the head and neck. It is believed that exogenous factors are able to more or less affect the thyroid gland and cause a number of molecular changes in it that lead to the development of cancer. The purpose of this review was to summarize the current knowledge of the molecular aspects of thyroid cancer.

X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF THYROID CANCER

2017 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
В. Зайчик ◽  
V. Zaychik ◽  
Г. Давыдов ◽  
G. Davydov
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Fluorescence Excitation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thyroid Goiter ◽  
Diagnosis Of Thyroid Cancer

Purpose: To investigate new possibilities of differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid goiter lesions by means of energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis (EDRFA). Material and methods: In the samples of thyroid tissue taken from people with intact thyroid gland (mostly died from trauma, n = 92), as well as in patients with nodular goiter (n = 79) and thyroid cancer (n = 40) bromine (Br), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), iodine (I), rubidium (Rb) and strontium (Sr) were investigated. To determine these elements, the methods of EDRPA have been developed using encapsulated sources with 109Cd and 241Am radionuclides for fluorescence excitation. Results: It is shown that the levels of the content of I, the ratios I / Cu and I / Rb, as well as the products of the ratios I / Cu ∙ (I / Rb) and (I / Br) ∙ (I / Cu) ∙ (I / Rb ) are highly informative markers of thyroid cancer. The accuracy of the developed methods and the reliability of the results obtained were confirmed by measurements of international certified comparison materials. Conclusion: The use of the proposed markers allows in vitro to differentiat thyroid cancer from benign nodes and normal tissue with sensitivity in the range of 86–100 %, specificity of 89–99 %, and accuracy within 90–99 %.

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AGE-RELATED FEATURES OF MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS OF THE THYROID GLAND IN SAINT-PETERSBURG, INDEX OF ACCURANCY, HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE TUMOR

2021 ◽  
pp. 396-403
Author(s):  
В.М. Мерабишвили ◽  
Э.Н. Мерабишвили
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Partial Mortality ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Проблема рака щитовидной железы (РЩЖ) в России стала особенно актуальна после аварии на Чернобыльской АЭС в 1986 г. Динамику заболеваемости населения Ленинграда Санкт-Петербурга мы можем проследить с 1980 по 2018 г. за периоды до и после происшедшей аварии еще до включения этой локализации злокачественных новообразований (ЗНО) в государственную отчетность. РЩЖ можно отнести к редко встречающимся ЗНО. Кроме заболеваемости и смертности, планируется рассмотрение практически не используемых в России таких аналитических показателей, как достоверность учета, погодичная летальность и пятилетняя выживаемость больных РЩЖ, исчисленных по международному стандарту. На многих территориях России и за рубежом выявлено увеличение заболеваемости населения РЩЖ, что в определенной мере может быть связано с ее гипердиагностикой, на фоне снижения смертности населения от этой причины. Благоприятные закономерности выявлены относительно показателей достоверности учета по России, и особенно по Санкт-Петербургу. В гистологической структуре РЩЖ выявлены некоторые структурные изменения. The problem of thyroid cancer in Russia became especially relevant after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in 1986. We can trace the dynamics of morbidity in the population of Leningrad Saint Petersburg from 1980 to 2018. for the periods before and after the accident, even before the inclusion of this localization of malignant neoplasms in the state reports. Thyroid cancer can be attributed to rare malignancies. In addition to morbidity and mortality, it is planned to consider such analytical indicators that are practically not used in Russia as the reliability of accounting, partial mortality and five-year survival of patients with thyroid cancer calculated according to the international standard. In many territories of Russia and abroad, an increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer has been detected, which to some extent may be associated with its overdiagnosis, against the background of a decrease in the population s mortality from this cause. Favorable patterns were found in relation to the reliability of accounting in Russia and especially in Saint Petersburg. Some structural changes were detected in the histological structure of thyroid cancer.

Medical Radiological Consequences after 35 Years after the Accident at the Chernobyl NPP

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
L. Il'in ◽  
V. Ivanov ◽  
I. Linge ◽  
V. Kashcheev ◽  
O. Kochetkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Chernobyl Accident ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
The Russian Federation

Purpose: In an article prepared on the basis of the conclusion of the Russian Scientific Commission on Radiological Protection (RSCRP) at the Department of Medical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences "Assessment of the radiological consequences of the Chernobyl accident after 35 years according to the National Radiation and Epidemiological Register" (NRER), the main conclusions of the large-scale radiation-epidemiological studies carried out. Material and methods: The work uses information NRER – liquidators of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident and the Branch Register of FMBA of Russia – liquidators. When assessing the excess relative risk of malignant neoplasms, the EPICURE. Results: The current status of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Register, which is currently functioning within the framework of the Law of the Russian Federation of 30.12.2012 No. 329-FZ “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation in terms of ensuring that changes in the health status of certain categories of citizens are taken into account exposed to radiation". For the first time in an integral form, the article presents the medical radiological consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant for the population of Russia. It was found that an increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer due to incorporated exposure to 131I was found in a cohort of children and adolescents (28 856 people) who received radiation doses of more than 200 mGy in 1986. There was no increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer among the adult population. Analysis of the incidence of solid cancers in the territories of the Bryansk, Kaluga, Tula and Oryol regions contaminated with radionuclides did not reveal an increase in the frequency of this pathology for children and adults. It is shown that in the cohort of liquidators of the Chernobyl accident, who received radiation doses of more than 150 mGy (35 303 people), an increase in the incidence of leukemia during the first 11 years after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant and solid cancers was revealed in comparison with the spontaneous level. Conclusions: The article points out serious limitations associated with a high degree of uncertainty in the received personal dosimetric data on liquidators in 1986–1987. and the need to use the total dose from all types of radiation (professional, emergency, medical, natural) to calculate the radiation risk. RSCRP emphasizes the high urgency of continuing work on reducing the uncertainty of dosimetry data and assessing the radiological consequences of the Chernobyl accident based on a comprehensive analysis of the NRER data.

scholarly journals MALIGNANT TUMORS OF THE THYROID GLAND (C73) IN SAINT PETERSBURG. MORBIDITY, MORTALITY, INDEX OF ACCURACY, YEAR-BY-YEAR LETHALITY AND SURVIVAL OF PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 479-488
Author(s):  
Vakhtang Merabishvili
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Early Stages

Thyroid tumors are divided into benign and malignant. Special attention should be paid to malignant tumors. A feature of thyroid cancer is its slow progression, compared to other tumor localities, and in the vast majority of cases successful treatment, especially in the early stages of the disease. Thyroid cancer - can be attributed to rare malignancies. Its specific weight in the General structure of oncopathology is about 2.0%, in the structure of mortality from malignant neoplasms-less than 0.5%. Thyroid cancer is registered in women 3-4 times more often than in the male population. Increased attention to the study of the characteristics of the prevalence of thyroid cancer is primarily associated with the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. We can trace the dynamics of morbidity in the population of Leningrad - Saint Petersburg from 1980 to 2018. for the periods before and after the accident. The purpose of our study is to study the dynamics of morbidity in the population of the world, Russia and St. Petersburg with a sharply increased incidence of thyroid cancer. In addition to morbidity and mortality, it is planned to consider such analytical indicators that are practically not used in Russia as the reliability of accounting, partial lethality and five-year survival of patients with thyroid cancer calculated according to the international standard. Every year, more than 13 thousand (13,250 - 2018) new cases of thyroid cancer are registered in Russia. In recent years, in St. Petersburg, more than 150 new cases of malignant neoplasms of this localization of tumors are registered annually among men, and among the female population more than 800. We created the first Russian Population cancer registry in St. Petersburg, which has accumulated a huge amount of information about malignancies, including thyroid cancer. This is one of those localities of malignancies where the specific weight of detected early stages of the disease correlates with the survival rate of patients in stage I and II of the disease, where its value is 98.0%, and the mortality rate of patients for all patients in the first year of observation slightly exceeded 11.0% for men and 4.0% for women.

Radioiodide Treatment of Pulmonary Metastases of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

1979 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 86-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Zamrazil ◽  
D. Pohunková ◽  
S. Röhling ◽  
J. Němec
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Bone Metastases ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Pulmonary Metastases ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Younger Patients ◽  
131I Uptake ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
Radioiodide Therapy ◽  
Diagnosis Of Thyroid Cancer

Pulmonary metastases were found in 123 out of 840 patients with thyroid cancer between 1955-1977. 87 patients with pulmonary metastases of differentiated cancer were studied in detail, including an evaluation of prognostically important factors. In 66 of them, the induction of 131I uptake in metastases was attempted, in half of them successfully. Uptake was achieved more frequently in younger subjects, in papillary cancers and in patients with fine pulmonary metastases on chest films. Survival (not corrected for age) was evaluated 10 and 15 years following the diagnosis of thyroid cancer and was found to be 29,1 % and 12,2%, respectively. Significantly higher survival rates were seen in younger patients, in patients with the fine type of pulmonary metastases, in the absence of bone metastases and, particularly, in patients with induced 131I uptake in metastases. Papillary cancers were found to have higher survival rates in males and in young subjects only, in the whole group the survival rates were independent of either microscopic type or sex. It is believed that biologic behaviour of distant (pulmonary) metastases may be influenced by radioiodide therapy.

Early diagnosis of thyroid cancer diseases using computational intelligence techniques: A case study of a Saudi Arabian dataset

2021 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 104267
Author(s):  
Sunday O. Olatunji ◽  
Sarah Alotaibi ◽  
Ebtisam Almutairi ◽  
Zainab Alrabae ◽  
Yasmeen Almajid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Computational Intelligence ◽  
Saudi Arabian ◽  
Diagnosis Of Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Cancer Diseases

scholarly journals ZnOTe Compounds Grown by DC-Magnetron Co-Sputtering

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 570
Author(s):  
Olga Sánchez ◽  
Manuel Hernández-Vélez
Keyword(s):  
Molar Fraction ◽  
Variable Parameter ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sample Series ◽  
Solid Phases ◽  
The One ◽  
High Bulk ◽  
Substrate Sample

ZnOTe compounds were grown by DC magnetron cosputtering from pure Tellurium (Te) and Zinc (Zn) cathodes in O2/Ar atmosphere. The applied power on the Zn target was constant equal to 100 W, while the one applied on the Te target took two values, i.e., 5 W and 10 W. Thus, two sample series were obtained in which the variable parameter was the distance from the Te targets to the substrate. Sample compositions were determined by Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS) experiments. Structural analysis was done using X-Ray diffraction (XRD) spectrometry and the growth of the hexagonal w-ZnO phase was identified in the XRD spectra. RBS results showed high bulk homogeneity of the samples forming ZnOTe alloys, with variable Te molar fraction (MF) ranging from 0.48–0.6% and from 1.9–3.1% for the sample series obtained at 5 W and 10 W, respectively. The results reflect great differences between the two sample series, particularly from the structural and optical point of view. These experiments point to the possibility of Te doping ZnO with the permanence of intrinsic defects, as well as the possibility of the formation of other Te solid phases when its content increases. The results and appreciable variations in the band gap transitions were detected from Photoluminescence (PL) measurements.

scholarly journals Thy 3F and 3a malignancy rate, a multisite regional retrospective case series

2018 ◽  
Vol 100 (7) ◽  
pp. 545-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Alexander ◽  
J Rudd ◽  
D Walker ◽  
G Wong ◽  
A Lunt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Royal College ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Thyroid Malignancy ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Retrospective Case Series ◽  
Indeterminate Nodules ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Diagnosis Of Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Benign Thyroid

Introduction The aim of this study was to ascertain the incidence of thyroid cancer for patients categorised as Thy3, 3a or 3f across four tertiary thyroid multidisciplinary centres in the UK. Material and methods This is a retrospective case series examining patients who presented with a thyroid nodule and diagnosed as Thy3, 3a or 3f according to the Royal College of Pathologists modified British Thyroid Association and Royal College of Physicians Thy system. Results In total, 395 patients were included in this study. Of these, 136 turned out to have benign thyroid disease and 24 had micropapillary thyroid carcinomas. The overall rate of thyroid malignancy was 28.8%. For each subcategory, the rate of malignancy was Thy3 24.7.7%, Thy3a 30.4% and Thy3f 29.2. However, the incidence of thyroid malignancy varied considerably between the four centres (Thy 3f 18-54%). Discussion The diagnosis of thyroid cancer is evolving but detection for malignancy for indeterminate nodules remains below 50% for most centres around the world. In 2014, the British Thyroid Association subdivided the original Thy3 category into Thy3a and Thy3f and recommended a more conservative approach to management for Thy3a nodules. Despite this, only two centres yielded a higher conversion rate of malignancy in the new higher graded Thy3f group compared with Thy3a. Conclusion It is debateable whether the new ‘Thy3’ subcategories are more useful than the original. Local thyroid malignancy rates may also be more useful than national averages to inform treatment decisions.

scholarly journals Hepatitis E Virus in Croatia in the “One-Health” Context

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 699
Author(s):  
Anna Mrzljak ◽  
Lorena Jemersic ◽  
Vladimir Savic ◽  
Ivan Balen ◽  
Maja Ilic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Human Case ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Chronic Patients ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
The One ◽  
Foodborne Infection

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the most common cause of viral hepatitis globally. The first human case of autochthonous HEV infection in Croatia was reported in 2012, with the undefined zoonotic transmission of HEV genotype 3. This narrative review comprehensively addresses the current knowledge on the HEV epidemiology in humans and animals in Croatia. Published studies showed the presence of HEV antibodies in different population groups, such as chronic patients, healthcare professionals, voluntary blood donors and professionally exposed and pregnant women. The highest seroprevalence in humans was found in patients on hemodialysis in a study conducted in 2018 (27.9%). Apart from humans, different studies have confirmed the infection in pigs, wild boars and a mouse, indicating the interspecies transmission of HEV due to direct or indirect contact or as a foodborne infection. Continued periodical surveys in humans and animals are needed to identify the possible changes in the epidemiology of HEV infections.

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