scholarly journals MALIGNANT TUMORS OF THE THYROID GLAND (C73) IN SAINT PETERSBURG. MORBIDITY, MORTALITY, INDEX OF ACCURACY, YEAR-BY-YEAR LETHALITY AND SURVIVAL OF PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 479-488
Author(s):  
Vakhtang Merabishvili
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Early Stages

Thyroid tumors are divided into benign and malignant. Special attention should be paid to malignant tumors. A feature of thyroid cancer is its slow progression, compared to other tumor localities, and in the vast majority of cases successful treatment, especially in the early stages of the disease. Thyroid cancer - can be attributed to rare malignancies. Its specific weight in the General structure of oncopathology is about 2.0%, in the structure of mortality from malignant neoplasms-less than 0.5%. Thyroid cancer is registered in women 3-4 times more often than in the male population. Increased attention to the study of the characteristics of the prevalence of thyroid cancer is primarily associated with the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. We can trace the dynamics of morbidity in the population of Leningrad - Saint Petersburg from 1980 to 2018. for the periods before and after the accident. The purpose of our study is to study the dynamics of morbidity in the population of the world, Russia and St. Petersburg with a sharply increased incidence of thyroid cancer. In addition to morbidity and mortality, it is planned to consider such analytical indicators that are practically not used in Russia as the reliability of accounting, partial lethality and five-year survival of patients with thyroid cancer calculated according to the international standard. Every year, more than 13 thousand (13,250 - 2018) new cases of thyroid cancer are registered in Russia. In recent years, in St. Petersburg, more than 150 new cases of malignant neoplasms of this localization of tumors are registered annually among men, and among the female population more than 800. We created the first Russian Population cancer registry in St. Petersburg, which has accumulated a huge amount of information about malignancies, including thyroid cancer. This is one of those localities of malignancies where the specific weight of detected early stages of the disease correlates with the survival rate of patients in stage I and II of the disease, where its value is 98.0%, and the mortality rate of patients for all patients in the first year of observation slightly exceeded 11.0% for men and 4.0% for women.

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AGE-RELATED FEATURES OF MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS OF THE THYROID GLAND IN SAINT-PETERSBURG, INDEX OF ACCURANCY, HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE TUMOR

2021 ◽  
pp. 396-403
Author(s):  
В.М. Мерабишвили ◽  
Э.Н. Мерабишвили
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Partial Mortality ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Проблема рака щитовидной железы (РЩЖ) в России стала особенно актуальна после аварии на Чернобыльской АЭС в 1986 г. Динамику заболеваемости населения Ленинграда Санкт-Петербурга мы можем проследить с 1980 по 2018 г. за периоды до и после происшедшей аварии еще до включения этой локализации злокачественных новообразований (ЗНО) в государственную отчетность. РЩЖ можно отнести к редко встречающимся ЗНО. Кроме заболеваемости и смертности, планируется рассмотрение практически не используемых в России таких аналитических показателей, как достоверность учета, погодичная летальность и пятилетняя выживаемость больных РЩЖ, исчисленных по международному стандарту. На многих территориях России и за рубежом выявлено увеличение заболеваемости населения РЩЖ, что в определенной мере может быть связано с ее гипердиагностикой, на фоне снижения смертности населения от этой причины. Благоприятные закономерности выявлены относительно показателей достоверности учета по России, и особенно по Санкт-Петербургу. В гистологической структуре РЩЖ выявлены некоторые структурные изменения. The problem of thyroid cancer in Russia became especially relevant after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in 1986. We can trace the dynamics of morbidity in the population of Leningrad Saint Petersburg from 1980 to 2018. for the periods before and after the accident, even before the inclusion of this localization of malignant neoplasms in the state reports. Thyroid cancer can be attributed to rare malignancies. In addition to morbidity and mortality, it is planned to consider such analytical indicators that are practically not used in Russia as the reliability of accounting, partial mortality and five-year survival of patients with thyroid cancer calculated according to the international standard. In many territories of Russia and abroad, an increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer has been detected, which to some extent may be associated with its overdiagnosis, against the background of a decrease in the population s mortality from this cause. Favorable patterns were found in relation to the reliability of accounting in Russia and especially in Saint Petersburg. Some structural changes were detected in the histological structure of thyroid cancer.

scholarly journals Molecular pathogenetic aspects in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Ye. A. Troshina ◽  
G. A. Gerasimov ◽  
G. F. Alexandrova
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tumor Diseases ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
The One ◽  
Diagnosis Of Thyroid Cancer

Thyroid cancer accounts for 1 - 1.5% of all malignant neoplasms. In recent years, there has been a trend towards an increase in the prevalence of this disease. On the one hand, the frequency of detection of thyroid cancer is associated with the introduction of a number of modern methods of examining patients and the increased oncological alertness of doctors. On the other hand, there is evidence of an increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer associated with an unfavorable environmental situation. An example of this is an increase in the frequency of thyroid damage in people exposed to radiation after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. There is evidence that in Japan, thyroid cancer is detected 10 times more often among the population that has undergone nuclear bombing than among other residents of the country. Exogenous risk factors include external x-ray irradiation, previously carried out for medical purposes for various benign and non-tumor diseases of the head and neck. It is believed that exogenous factors are able to more or less affect the thyroid gland and cause a number of molecular changes in it that lead to the development of cancer. The purpose of this review was to summarize the current knowledge of the molecular aspects of thyroid cancer.

scholarly journals NEUROBLASTOMAS OF MAXILLOFACIAL LOCALIZATION OF A NEWBORN CHILD

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
P. I. Tkachenko ◽  
M. O. Cholovskyi ◽  
O. B. Dolenko ◽  
S. O. Belokon ◽  
Y. V. Popelo
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Errors ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Salivary Gland Cancer ◽  
Congenital Defects ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Early Stages

Neuroblastoma in newborns is a fairly rare disease and affects 6-8 children per million children. It can be combined with congenital defects, has a tendency to metastasize and to spontaneous maturation in ganglioneuritis, which can simulate various diseases and significantly complicate its diagnosis. This publication provides clinical observations of a newborn baby with a neuroblastoma located in the maxillofacial area. Attention is drawn to the difficulties encountered in establishing a clinical diagnosis, to address questions about this, it is recommended that modern, highly informative methods of examination be more widely involved in examining such children, preferably in the early stages of the disease. Against the background of an unceasing increase in the number of malignant neoplasms of the maxillofacial area among the Ukrainian population, directly among the residents of the Poltava region, this figure is 2.3% of the total number of newly diagnosed malignant formations. Asymptomatic course and "erosion" of clinical manifestations of tumors at their initial stages of development, the untimely treatment of patients with specialized assistance against the background of inadequate awareness among citizens and healthcare professionals in this section of medicine and their lack of oncological anxiety leads to the fact that a significant proportion of patients falls on treatment with abandoned forms. In particular, according to the statistical reporting of the Poltava regional oncologic dispensary at stages III and IV, the malignant process in the tissues 41.6%, of which 54% is cancer of the oral mucosa, from 28%, where the cancer of the tongue is in 10% of cases of lung cancer and 8% diagnosed salivary gland cancer. It is rather unfortunate, but in 55% of the observations, the cause of late treatment is organizational and methodological disturbances: not enough complete examination of patients, to the hospital stage (underestimation of clinical data, X-ray changes, incorrect interpretation of the results of additional methods of examination), insufficient prophylactic work among the general population or a sequence of its planning, poor quality preventive examinations, delayed patients in the grass-roots of medical institutions. In spite of the fact that a significant proportion of organs and tissues of maxillofacial area are available for objective and application of additional methods of examination, about 40% of patients have launched forms of malignant processes due to the faults of doctors [2, 3, 5, 8]. In nursery practice, the situation does not look better, since in Ukraine, 3.5% of cases of malignant tumors are diagnosed annually in Ukraine. Unfortunately, in periodicals there are isolated data on primary and metastatic lesions of maxillofacial area in children, although the recognition and treatment of oncosomatic diseases in them in the early stages of development to date present considerable difficulties due to the large variety of clinical manifestations of tumors, age-specific features, dependence of diagnosis malignant neoplasms from the dynamics of growth, localization, local and general changes [6,7]. Therefore, in our opinion, the number of diagnostic errors in children's practice is greater than in adults. The problem is of general medical significance also because, due to topographic and anatomical features of the structures of the head and neck, any pathology of maxillofacial localization is the subject of participation of doctors in various related specialties. Thus, the given clinical case indicates the possibility of a malignant effect of tissues and organs of a child already during the period of fetal development, which greatly complicates the diagnostic procedure and should alert doctors of all specialties.

scholarly journals The state of cancer care in Russia: lung cancer, patient survival (population study at the federal district level)

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-500
Author(s):  
Vakhtang Merabishvili ◽  
Iuliia Iurkova ◽  
Evgenii Levchenko ◽  
Aleksandr Shcherbakov ◽  
Nikolai Krotov
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
One Year

Lung cancer (LC) remains the main cause of morbidity and mortality in many economically developed countries of the world. In 2019, more than 60 thousand primary cases of LC and more than 50 thousand deaths from this cause were recorded in Russia. The registration reliability index remains high - 0.83, which indicates a significant underestimation of primary patients.At the same time, it should be noted that the standardized rates of morbidity and mortality from LC continue to decline. The most effective criterion for evaluating the activity of the oncological service is the indicator of the observed and relative survival of patients with malignant neoplasms (MNO). Such a possibility exists in many territories of Russia, but it is calculated only in selected territories working according to our programs, and first of all, in the newly created population cancer register of the Northwestern Federal District (NWFD) with a database (DB) of more than 1 million. 350 thousand observations.The results obtained can be fully extended to the whole of Russia, since the levels of standardized indicators of morbidity and mortality from LC in Russia and the NWFD of the Russian Federation are practically identical.The study showed that from 2000 to 2017, the median survival rate of patients with LC in the NWFD increased from 6.4 to 8.0 months, and the one-year mortality rate decreased from 65,2% to 60,8%.The change in indicators is extremely slow. Differences in the mortality rate (in standardized indicators) from LC between men and women differ in Russia by 7,1, in the NWFD of the RF - by 7.0.Mortality in men from LC in the first year of observation is 63.5% versus 52.5% among the female population, which is primarily due to the peculiarities of the industrial production process and bad habits that are more characteristic of the male population.

scholarly journals Oesophageal-cancer-derived death in the population of Belgrade in a period 1989-2006

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 534-538
Author(s):  
Janko Jankovic ◽  
Isidora Ratkov ◽  
Sandra Sipetic ◽  
Jelena Marinkovic ◽  
Jadranka Maksimovic
Keyword(s):  
Oesophageal Cancer ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Oesophageal Carcinoma ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
World Population ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
The World

Background/Aim. Oesophageal cancer is the sixth most common cause of death from all malignant tumors in the world (fifth in men, eighth in women). This cancer was estimated to account for about 529 000 new cases and about 442 000 deaths in the year 2007. In the year 2002 the highest standardized mortality rates (per 100 000 habitants) of oesophageal carcinoma were noticed in the East Asia (men/women: 18.8/7.7) and East Africa (18.6/7.8), while the lowest were noticed in the Middle Africa (1.4/0.2) and West Africa (1.3/0.5). The aim of this descriptive epidemiologic study was to analyze epidemiologic situation of oesophageal cancer in Belgrade population during the period 1989-2006, using mortality data. Methods. Mortality data were collected from the City Organization for Statistics. In data analysis we used mortality rates which were standardized directly using those of the world population as the standard, and proportions. A denominator for mortality rates was calculated using the Belgrade population which was an average of the two latest register years (1991 and 2002). In order to analyze trend mortality from oesophageal cancer we used linear trend. Results. In Belgrade deaths from oesophageal cancer accounted for about 5.2% of all malignant tumors of intestinal system in male population, and 2.4% in female population. This cancer is, according to standardized mortality rates (per 100 000 habitants), on the fifth place in Belgrade population behind colorectal, stomach, pancreatic, liver and cholecystic cancer. During the period 1989-2006 in Belgrade 44 persons died from oesophageal carcinoma on the average each year, mainly men (75%), and the rest were women (25%). In male population during the same period we noticed a significant increase in trend mortality (y = 1.61 + 0.06x, p = 0.001), while in female population the increase of mortality was not significant. The male/female oesophageal cancer mortality ratio was 3:1. Mortality rates for oesophageal cancer rise with age in both sexes and they are highest in the age group of 70 and more years. Significant increase in mortality from oesophageal cancer was noticed in age groups 20-29 and over 70 in male population, and age group 40-49 in female population. Conclusion. Increasing trend in oesophageal mortality suggests the necessity for improving measures of primary prevention including education about risk factors for this carcinoma (smoking, alcohol consumption, hot food and drinks), early diagnosis, and treatment.

Social and hygienic characteristics of women with neoplasms on the example of the Voronezh region

10.12737/4800 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Косолапов ◽  
Vladimir Kosolapov ◽  
Сыч ◽  
Galina Sych ◽  
Фролов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
Stable Growth ◽  
Social Importance ◽  
Fight Against Cancer

The problem of morbidity, disability and mortality of female population due to malignant neoplasms is one of the most actual in modern medicine. Preoccupation and attention to cancer due to stable growth worldwide incidence that in the foreseeable future will continue to increase due to a variety of subjective and objective causes aging of the population, environmental, economic and other factors. In 2012 in Russia, more than 480 thousand cancer patients (almost 526 thousand new tumors) were first identified, 288 thousand patients died from malignant neoplasms, which amounts to 14.9% in the total mortality (the second reason after cardiovascular diseases). In the structure of mortality from malignant tumors more than 30% were the patients younger than 60 years, it indicates the extremely high social importance of early diagnosis, prevention and treatment of cancer. The increase in cancer incidence has long maintained, despite the obvious progress in the diagnosis and treatment of tumors. This indirectly suggests that important in the fight against cancer is cancer prevention, including the study of the most typical factors that affect the development of tumors. This paper presents the characteristics of the socio-hygienic characteristics of women with tumors.

Medical Radiological Consequences after 35 Years after the Accident at the Chernobyl NPP

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
L. Il'in ◽  
V. Ivanov ◽  
I. Linge ◽  
V. Kashcheev ◽  
O. Kochetkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Chernobyl Accident ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
The Russian Federation

Purpose: In an article prepared on the basis of the conclusion of the Russian Scientific Commission on Radiological Protection (RSCRP) at the Department of Medical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences "Assessment of the radiological consequences of the Chernobyl accident after 35 years according to the National Radiation and Epidemiological Register" (NRER), the main conclusions of the large-scale radiation-epidemiological studies carried out. Material and methods: The work uses information NRER – liquidators of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident and the Branch Register of FMBA of Russia – liquidators. When assessing the excess relative risk of malignant neoplasms, the EPICURE. Results: The current status of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Register, which is currently functioning within the framework of the Law of the Russian Federation of 30.12.2012 No. 329-FZ “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation in terms of ensuring that changes in the health status of certain categories of citizens are taken into account exposed to radiation". For the first time in an integral form, the article presents the medical radiological consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant for the population of Russia. It was found that an increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer due to incorporated exposure to 131I was found in a cohort of children and adolescents (28 856 people) who received radiation doses of more than 200 mGy in 1986. There was no increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer among the adult population. Analysis of the incidence of solid cancers in the territories of the Bryansk, Kaluga, Tula and Oryol regions contaminated with radionuclides did not reveal an increase in the frequency of this pathology for children and adults. It is shown that in the cohort of liquidators of the Chernobyl accident, who received radiation doses of more than 150 mGy (35 303 people), an increase in the incidence of leukemia during the first 11 years after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant and solid cancers was revealed in comparison with the spontaneous level. Conclusions: The article points out serious limitations associated with a high degree of uncertainty in the received personal dosimetric data on liquidators in 1986–1987. and the need to use the total dose from all types of radiation (professional, emergency, medical, natural) to calculate the radiation risk. RSCRP emphasizes the high urgency of continuing work on reducing the uncertainty of dosimetry data and assessing the radiological consequences of the Chernobyl accident based on a comprehensive analysis of the NRER data.

scholarly journals Intensity of development of somatic diseases of children's population in Kizlyar and Khasavyurt and cancer incidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
F. I. Osmanova ◽  
I. N. Osmanov ◽  
T. F. Kosyreva
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Permanent Occlusion ◽  
Oncological Diseases ◽  
Somatic Diseases ◽  
The City

Aim. Study of the development of somatic and oncological diseases and the state of the dentoalveolar system as an indicator of somatic health on the example of the city of Kizlyar (a city of ecological trouble) and the city of Khasavyurt (ecological well-being).Materials and methods. To determine the health status of children and their mothers, a survey was conducted of 1015 children and (or) their parents (three age groups of the study), of which 528 were girls and 487 were boys, and for comparison, 542 children aged 2-17 years in the city of Khasavyurt (ecological well-being) northern zone of Dagestan. Patient selection criteria: 1) identical area of residence (Kizlyar, Khasavyurt); 2) children of preschool age from 2-6 years (1, 2, 3 health groups in the absence of somatic diseases in sub- and decompensated forms), 4 health groups with chronic somatic diseases and congenital malformations; 3) Children at the age of the period of changeable occlusion from 7 to 13 years old, 1-4 health groups; 4) Children aged 14 to 17 years of permanent occlusion, 1-4 health groups.Results. According to a study of schoolchildren aged 7 to 17 years in the city of Kizlyar, 47.1% of children with habitual mouth breathing or mixed breathing. Infantile type of swallowing in children was found in 23.8% of cases. Violation of posture in children was observed in 29% of cases, while in children from the city of Khasavyurt, this type of violation was observed only in 10.5% of cases. The main localizations of malignant neoplasms in the male population are the respiratory organs, stomach, skin, bladder, lip; in the structure of oncological morbidity in the female population, the largest number of patients with neoplasms of the mammary gland, skin, lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue, cervix, and stomach.In the population (period of permanent occlusion), there was a significant decrease in tumors from 0.8% to 0.4% out of 1000 examined, the endocrine system from 0.5% to 0.4%, blood diseases from 0.2% to 0.1%.Conclusions. The results obtained confirm the presence and development of somatic and oncological diseases from unfavorable factors in the region of residence. All indicators for the city of Khasavyurt (ecological well-being) 2 times lower than the data of the city of Kizlyar (city of ecological trouble). 

Features of mortality of the male population of the monotown, which is the industrial center of non-ferrous metallurgy

2020 ◽  
pp. 772-772
Author(s):  
G. I. Tikhonova ◽  
M. S. Bryleva ◽  
T. Yu. Gorchakova
Keyword(s):  
Ferrous Metallurgy ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Murmansk Region ◽  
Metallurgical Company ◽  
Industrial Center

Standardized mortality rates of the male population aged 15-59 in Monchegorsk, where the Kola mining and metallurgical company is located, were higher relative to the Murmansk region and Russia: from diseases of the circulatory system by 34.8% and 52.1%, respectively, from malignant neoplasms by 26.3% and 19.4%, from diseases of the digestive system by 59.0% and 36.3%.

The possibility of using tantalum oxide microparticles in phosphate glass for radiation therapy of malignant neoplasms

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-87
Author(s):  
O. S. Plotnikova ◽  
V. I. Apanasevich ◽  
M. A. Medkov ◽  
A. A. Polezhaev ◽  
V. I. Nevozhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Glass ◽  
Linear Accelerator ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Tantalum Oxide ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Secondary Radiation ◽  
Semiconductor Diode ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Diode Detector

Objective: The creation of the medicine for a local radiomodification of tumors.Methods: The level of the secondary radiation on the surface of the phosphate glass powder with the inclusion of tantalum oxide processed by 6 MeV deceleration emission was studied. Medical linear accelerator TrueBeam (Varian, USA), and Semiconductor diode detector PDI 2.0 (Sun Nuclear Corp., USA) having the system of moving in vertical plane and the system of position video recording were used.Results: The presence of the phosphate glass (containing 20% Та2О5) on the surface gave a 63.7% increase to the secondary radiation. It’s around two thirds of the overall level.Conclusion: An opportunity to create a medicine on the basis of phosphate glass, containing tantalum oxide, for local radiomodification of malignant tumors. 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document