scholarly journals Evaluation of insulin resistance in children and adolescents with obesity

2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 8-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V Borodina ◽  
Ye. A. Odud ◽  
A. V. Timofeyev ◽  
L. Yu. Zhuleva ◽  
E. P. Kasatkina
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Fatty Tissue ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Glucose Test ◽  
Obesity Indices ◽  
Two Parameters

The purpose of the study was to compare the clinical significance of two parameters of insulin resistance (HOMAR and ISI) in children and adolescents with obesity. Sixty-six children and adolescents aged 11-16 years, including 48 individuals with obesity and 18 healthy individuals, were examined. Anthropometric indices, the time course of changes in the concentrations of insulin and glucose during a three-hour oral glucose test, and the fasting serum concentrations of triglycerides, cholesterol, high- and low- density lipoproteins, and leptin were determined. The evaluation of the clinical significance of HOMAR and ISI consisted of three stages. A relationship between HOMAR and ISI to the most studied risk factors of insulin resistance (IR), such as obesity and the pattern of fatty tissue distribution, was studied at the first stage. Correlations of HOMAR and ISI with the anthropometric obesity indices and hormonal and metabolic parameters whose impairment is pathognomonic for IR were determined at the second stage. The spread of IR-associated disorders in children and adolescents with normal and abnormal HOMAR and ISI were compared at the third stage. The analysis has indicated that in obese children and adolescents, HOMAR is higher and ISI is lower than those in normally weighing children and adolescents of the same age, the value of ISI being inversely proportional to the excess of fatty tissue. It has been found that ISI is more closely related with the anthropometric and hormonometabolic signs of IR than HOMAR. The findings have led to the conclusion that in children and adolescents with obesity, a decrease in ISI is a more significant indicator of IR than an increase in HOMAR.

scholarly journals Specific features of leptin secretion in children and adolescents with obesity

2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
O. V. Borodina ◽  
Ye. A. Odud ◽  
A. V. Timofeyev ◽  
E. P. Kasatkina
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Baseline Level ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Glucose Test ◽  
And Gender

The purpose of the study was to examine baseline leptin secretion and its association with insulin secretion in children and adolescents with obesity and in those having normal body weight. Sixty- six children and adolescents aged 11-16years, including 48 individuals with obesity, were examined. Anthropometric indices, fasting serum leptin concentrations, and the time course of changes during a three-hour oral glucose test were assessed. In obese children and adolescents, the baseline level of leptin was significantly higher than in normally weighing children and adolescents of the same age. Abdominovisceral obesity showed a higher level of leptin than gluteofemoral obesity. Age- and gender-specific features of leptin production were revealed in obese children and adolescents. There was an association of leptin production with anthropometric indices. Children and adolescents with obesity showed a positive correlation of the baseline level of leptin with overall insulin secretion during the oral test and a negative correlation of the baseline level of leptin with the insulin sensitivity index.

Metabolic syndrome in obese children and adolescents in Serbia: prevalence and risk factors

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (7-8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rade Vukovic ◽  
Dragan Zdravkovic ◽  
Katarina Mitrovic ◽  
Tatjana Milenkovic ◽  
Sladjana Todorovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity

AbstractTo assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in obese children and adolescents in Serbia.The study group consisted of 254 subjects (148 female and 106 male), aged 4.6–18.9 years with diet-induced obesity (body mass index ≥95th percentile). Presence of MS using the International Diabetes Federation definition was assessed in all subjects, as well as oral glucose tolerance test and insulin resistance indices.Overall prevalence of MS in all subjects aged ≥10 years was 31.2%, namely, 28.7% in children aged 10 to <16 years and 40.5% in adolescents ≥16 years. When adjusted for age, gender and pubertal development, higher degree of obesity was a strong predictor of MS. Multivariate analysis showed that taller subjects and those with higher degree of insulin resistance were at significantly higher risk of MS, independent of the degree of obesity.High prevalence of MS emphasizes the need for prevention and treatment of childhood obesity.

Biochemical predictors of metabolically unhealthy obesity in children and adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ah Young Cho ◽  
Jung Gi Roh ◽  
Young Suk Shim ◽  
Hae Sang Lee ◽  
Jin Soon Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity

Abstract Background Children and adolescents with obesity can now be classified according to metabolic profile, as those with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and those with metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). We aimed to determine the prevalence of MUO and identify its biochemical predictors in pediatric patients with obesity. Methods We evaluated the medical records of 187 boys and girls with obesity. The children were divided into MHO and MUO groups, and anthropometric and biochemical parameters were assessed. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was used to identify impaired glucose regulation and hyperinsulinism, and binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine predictors of MUO in children with obesity. Results Of the 187 children, MUO was found in 71.7% (n=134) and MHO in 28.3% (n=53); those in the MHO group were younger than those in the MUO group. Blood pressure, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and uric acid levels were significantly higher in the MUO group than in the MHO group. Further, the MUO group exhibited a significantly higher level of insulin resistance (p<0.05) than the MHO group. Serum levels of uric acid and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were confirmed as biochemical predictors of the MUO phenotype in children with obesity. Conclusions The ratio of MUO in children with obesity was relatively high; further, serum levels of uric acid and HOMA-IR can be used as biochemical predictors of MUO.

scholarly journals The Bone Markers Sclerostin, Osteoprotegerin, and Bone-Specific Alkaline Phosphatase Are Related to Insulin Resistance in Children and Adolescents, Independent of Their Association with Growth and Obesity

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juraj Stanik ◽  
Jürgen Kratzsch ◽  
Kathrin Landgraf ◽  
Mandy Vogel ◽  
Joachim Thiery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Bone Markers ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Insulin Metabolism ◽  
Specific Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Bone Specific Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Glucose Ingestion

Background/Aims: Sclerostin, osteoprotegerin, and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP), which are primarily related to bone metabolism, have been linked with insulin resistance in adults. We aimed to evaluate the association of these markers with growth, obesity, and parameters of insulin resistance in lean and obese children and adolescents. Methods: We measured sclerostin, osteoprotegerin, and B-ALP in fasting and oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) serum samples from 1,325 children and adolescents, and during 24-h profiles and after exercise and glucose exposure in young adults. Results: In addition to the positive relationship with height standard deviation scores (SDS), sclerostin (r = 0.035, p < 0.001) and B-ALP (r = 0.06, p = 0.028) increased, whereas osteoprotegerin (r = –0.098, p < 0.001) decreased with BMI SDS. Furthermore, B-ALP correlated with fasting- and oGTT-derived markers of glucose and insulin metabolism suggestive of insulin resistance. To evaluate potential confounding diurnal variation of bone markers, we performed 24-h profiles. B-ALP and osteoprotegerin had lower night-time levels. Exercise acutely and transiently increased B-ALP and osteoprotegerin levels, but glucose ingestion had no effect. Conclusions: Besides their association with growth, sclerostin and osteoprotegerin levels are altered in childhood obesity. Particularly B-ALP was related to insulin resistance indices. Our findings accent the link between bone, growth, and insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Insulin resistance and obesity in childhood

2008 ◽  
Vol 159 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S67-S74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Chiarelli ◽  
Maria Loredana Marcovecchio
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Childhood obesity is a significant health problem that has reached epidemic proportions around the world and is associated with several metabolic and cardiovascular complications. Insulin resistance is a common feature of childhood obesity and is considered to be an important link between adiposity and the associated risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Insulin resistance is also a key component of the metabolic syndrome, and its prevalence in the paediatric population is increasing, particularly among obese children and adolescents. Several factors are implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity-related insulin resistance, such as increased free fatty acids and many hormones and cytokines released by adipose tissue.Valid and reliable methods are essential to assess the presence and the extent of insulin resistance, the associated risk factors and the effect of pharmacological and lifestyle interventions. The two most common tests to assess insulin resistance are the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp and the frequently sampled i.v. glucose tolerance test utilizing the minimal model. However, both these tests are not easily accomplished, are time consuming, expensive and invasive. Simpler methods to assess insulin resistance based on surrogate markers derived from an oral glucose tolerance test or from fasting insulin and glucose levels have been validated in children and adolescents and widely used.Given the strong association between obesity, insulin resistance and the development of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease, prevention and treatment of childhood obesity appear to be essential to prevent the development of insulin resistance and the associated complications.

scholarly journals Meal-Related Asprosin Serum Levels Are Affected by Insulin Resistance and Impaired Fasting Glucose in Children With Obesity

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Corica ◽  
Giorgia Pepe ◽  
Tommaso Aversa ◽  
Monica Currò ◽  
Selenia Curatola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Circadian Oscillation ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Ultrasound Evaluation ◽  
Diabetic Children ◽  
Study Population

Asprosin physiologically increases in fasting conditions and decreases with refeeding and has been implicated in glucose homeostasis. An alteration of meal-related circadian oscillation of asprosin has been suggested in adults affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus.Aims of this study were to test the hypothesis of an alteration in the meal-related variation of asprosin levels in non-diabetic children and adolescents with obesity and to assess which metabolic variables condition this variation in non-diabetic children and adolescents with obesity. This is a cross-sectional study which included 79 children and adolescents with obesity. Children underwent clinical and biochemical assessments, including oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and liver ultrasound evaluation. Asprosin serum levels were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at a fasting state and at the 120-minute OGTT timepoint (2h-postprandial asprosin). Fasting and 2h-postprandial asprosin serum levels did not significantly differ in the entire study population (374.28 ± 77.23 vs 375.27 ± 81.26;p=0.837). 55.7% of patients had a significant increase in 2h-postprandial asprosin compared with fasting levels. The asprosin level increase condition was significantly associated with HOMA-IR (OR,1.41; 95%CI,1.005-1.977; p=0.047), fasting glycaemia (OR,1.073; 95%CI,1.009-1.141;p=0.024) and HOMA-B (OR,0.99; 95%CI,0.984-0.999; p=0.035). Moreover, the IFG condition was associated with the increase in asprosin levels (OR, 3.040; 95%CI, 1.095-8.436; p=0.033), even after adjustment for HOMA-IR, BMI SDS, sex and pubertal stage. Insulin resistance and IFG influence meal-related changes of asprosin serum levels in our study population of obese, non-diabetic, children. Alteration of asprosin circadian secretion might be an early biomarker of impaired glucose regulation in obese children with insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Moderate Weight Reduction in an Outpatient Obesity Intervention Program Significantly Reduces Insulin Resistance and Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Severely Obese Adolescents

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Grulich-Henn ◽  
S. Lichtenstein ◽  
F. Hörster ◽  
G. F. Hoffmann ◽  
P. P. Nawroth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Standard Deviation Score ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Severely Obese

Background. Metabolic risk factors like insulin resistance and dyslipidemia are frequently observed in severly obese children. We investigated the hypothesis that moderate weight reduction by a low-threshold intervention is already able to reduce insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors in severely obese children.Methods. A group of 58 severely obese children and adolescents between 8 and 17 years participating in a six-month-long outpatient program was studied before and after treatment. The program included behavioral treatment, dietary education and specific physical training. Metabolic parameters were measured in the fasting state, insulin resistance was evaluated in an oral glucose tolerance test.Results. Mean standard deviation score of the body mass index (SDS-BMI) in the study group dropped significantly from +2.5 ± 0.5 to 2.3 ± 0.6 (P<0.0001) after participation in the program. A significant decrease was observed in HOMA (6.3 ± 4.2 versus 4.9 ± 2.4,P<0.03, and in peak insulin levels (232.7 ± 132.4 versus 179.2 ± 73.3 μU/mL,P<0.006). Significant reductions were also observed in mean levels of hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol.Conclusions. These data demonstrate that already moderate weight reduction is able to decrease insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in severely obese children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Insulin resistance in obese children: debate on assessment

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga V. Vasyukova ◽  
A V Vitebskaya
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Diagnostic Error ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Matsuda Index ◽  
And Gender

No age- and gender-adjusted criteria remain to be a main problem the investigators face when studying insulin resistance in children. This paper compares insulin resistance (IR) indices in 63 children and adolescents with simple (constitutionally exogenous) obesity. The authors demonstrated a low reproducibility of individual baseline values of insulin (not more than 26% as shown by Pearsons correlation analysis). Estimation of IR by means of the design indices calculated from the fasting concentration of immunoreactive insulin and glucose: 40% of obese children and adolescents had no fit of baseline IR indices with the results of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), which may result in a diagnostic error - both hyperdiagnosis (in 12% of patients) and hypodiagnosis (18% of children). According to the results of this study, the values of stimulated insulin release and the Matsuda index, which were determined from the OGTT data, are of the highest diagnostic value in the assessment of insulin resistance in obesity in children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Time course of changes in carbohydrate and lipid metabolic parameters in patients with hypertensive disease during therapy with Rilmenidine versus Atenolol

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. R. Kasherininov ◽  
Ye. K. Shavarova ◽  
A. A. Shavarov ◽  
A. O. Konrádi ◽  
Ye. V. Shlyakhto
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Test ◽  
Oral Glucose Test ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lipid Spectrum ◽  
Atenolol Group

The study has evaluated the impact of 26-week therapy with Rilmenidine, 1-2 mg daily, versus atenolol, 50-100 mg daily, on the parameters of 24-hour blood pressure monitoring, on the results of lipid phenotyping and oral glucose test in 37 patients with mild and moderate arterial hypertension (Stage II) during the randomized study. The antihypertensive effects of the drugs were comparable with a more significant decrease in heart rate in the atenolol group. At the same time, Rilmenidine showed good effects on the parameters of lipid metabolism and on the results of oral glucose tests as compared with atenolol whereas therapy with the latter resulted in deterioration of the blood lipid spectrum.

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