scholarly journals Gut microbiota in obese patients and after bariatric surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
Lilit V. Egshatyan ◽  
Dana A. Kushkhanashkhova ◽  
Ekaterina S. Ermilova ◽  
Rashid G. Askerkhanov
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Bowel Function ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Sustained Weight Loss ◽  
Host Health

In this review are discussed experimental and clinical data about the role of gut microbiota and its changes after bariatric surgery. To date, bariatric surgery represents the only treatment that enables substantial and sustained weight loss. The large intestinal microbiota plays an important role in normal bowel function and the maintenance of host health through the formation of short chain fatty acids, modulation of immune system reactivity, and development of colonization resistance. The intestinal microflora is a peculiar indicator of the condition of a microorganism reacting to age, physiological, dietary, and geographical factors from change of qualitative and quantitative structure. Studies have demonstrated that obesity and metabolic syndrome may be associated with profound microbiotal changes. This Review outlines the potential mechanisms by which the major changes in the digestive tract after bariatric surgery can affect the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals The changes of gut microbiota associated with age and lifestyle

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Lilit Vanikovna Egshatyan ◽  
Olga Nikolaevna Tkacheva ◽  
Lyudmila Ivanovna Kafarskaya ◽  
Andrey Nikolaevich Shkoporov ◽  
Aleksandr Viktorovich Tyakht
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Bowel Function ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Normal Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Endotoxemia

In this review are discussed experimental and clinical data about the role of gut microbiota and its changes associated with age and lifestyle. The large intestinal microbiota plays an important role in normal bowel function and the maintenance of host health through the formation of short chain fatty acids, modulation of immune system reactivity, and development of colonization resistance. The intestinal microflora is a peculiar indicator of the condition of a microorganism reacting to age, physiological, dietary, and geographical factors from change of qualitative and quantitative structure. Studies have demonstrated that obesity and metabolic syndrome may be associated with profound microbiotal changes. Changes in gut microbiota control metabolic endotoxemia - induced chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic disorder which are connected with the increased risk of development of cardiovascular diseases and pathology associated with age, which leads to accelerated aging. It is obvious that maintenance of a homeostasis and a normal metabolism is impossible without restoration of a variety of normal associations of intestinal microorganisms.

scholarly journals The Gut Microbiota: How Does It Influence the Development and Progression of Liver Diseases

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 501
Author(s):  
Paulraj Kanmani ◽  
Kanmani Suganya ◽  
Hojun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Lipoteichoic Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

The gut–liver axis plays important roles in both the maintenance of a healthy liver and the pathogenesis of liver diseases, where the gut microbiota acts as a major determinant of this relationship. Gut bacteria-derived metabolites and cellular components are key molecules that affect the function of the liver and modulate the pathology of liver diseases. Accumulating evidence showed that gut microbiota produces a myriad of molecules, including lipopolysaccharide, lipoteichoic acid, peptidoglycan, and DNA, as well as short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, trimethylamine, and indole derivatives. The translocation of these components to the liver exerts beneficial or pathogenic effects by interacting with liver immune cells. This is a bidirectional relationship. Therefore, the existence of crosstalk between the gut and liver and its implications on host health and diseases are essential for the etiology and treatment of diseases. Several mechanisms have been proposed for the pathogenesis of liver diseases, but still, the mechanisms behind the pathogenic role of gut-derived components on liver pathogenesis remain elusive and not understandable. This review discusses the current progress on the gut microbiota and its components in terms of the progression of liver diseases, and in turn, how liver diseases indirectly affect the intestinal function and induce intestinal inflammation. Moreover, this paper highlights the current therapeutic and preventive strategies used to restore the gut microbiota composition and improve host health.

scholarly journals The Role of Three‐Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Elastography in the Diagnosis of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Obese Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery

Hepatology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 510-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina M. Allen ◽  
Vijay H. Shah ◽  
Terry M. Therneau ◽  
Sudhakar K. Venkatesh ◽  
Taofic Mounajjed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Elastography ◽  
Obese Patients

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effects of Bariatric Surgery in Terms of Weight Loss and Diabetes Remission in the Indian Population

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Manish Khaitan ◽  
Riddhish Gadani ◽  
Koshish Nandan Pokharel
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Complete Remission ◽  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Diabetes Remission ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Sustained Weight Loss

<b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The growing prevalence of obesity rates worldwide is associated with an upsurge in its comorbidities, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Bariatric surgery is a proven treatment modality for producing sustained weight loss and resolution of associated T2DM providing marked improvement in quality of life with rapid recovery. This study aims to investigate the effects of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), and mini-gastric bypass (MGB) on obese patients suffering from T2DM in the Indian population and their long-term association with regard to diabetes remission, resolution of comorbidities, and percentage EWL. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Retrospective data of obese patients with T2DM (preoperative BMI 45.37 ± 8.1) who underwent bariatric surgery (RYGB, LSG, and MGB) were analyzed in this study over a period of 9 years. The mean follow-up period was 2.2 years. Following surgery, the clinical outcome on BMI, resolution of percentage weight loss, and T2DM were studied. The predictive factors of diabetic remission after surgery were determined. Student’s <i>t</i> test and ANOVA and McNemar’s test were applied. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Out of a total of 274 patients, complete remission of T2DM was achieved in 52.9% (<i>n</i> = 145) with mean fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin values being 6.1 ± 0.769 (<i>p</i> = 0.00) at 1 year after surgery. The independent predictive factors of remission were age, gender, BMI, preoperative comorbidities, and % EWL. Gender had no correlation with the chance of achieving disease remission. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Based on our results, bariatric surgery proves to be a successful treatment option resulting in sustained weight loss in obese patients suffering from T2DM. It is found to be beneficial for the long-term resolution of T2DM and improving comorbidities such as hypertension and dyslipidemia. The outcome of the different surgical methods is found to be similar for all patients irrespective of the independent predictors of complete remission.

scholarly journals Role of Biological Sex in the Cardiovascular-Gut Microbiome Axis

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuangyue Li ◽  
Georgios Kararigas
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
And Function ◽  
Insight Into

There has been a recent, unprecedented interest in the role of gut microbiota in host health and disease. Technological advances have dramatically expanded our knowledge of the gut microbiome. Increasing evidence has indicated a strong link between gut microbiota and the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In the present article, we discuss the contribution of gut microbiota in the development and progression of CVD. We further discuss how the gut microbiome may differ between the sexes and how it may be influenced by sex hormones. We put forward that regulation of microbial composition and function by sex might lead to sex-biased disease susceptibility, thereby offering a mechanistic insight into sex differences in CVD. A better understanding of this could identify novel targets, ultimately contributing to the development of innovative preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for men and women.

scholarly journals Reduced fecal short-chain fatty acids levels and the relationship with gut microbiota in IgA nephropathy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingxiong Chai ◽  
Qun Luo ◽  
Kedan Cai ◽  
Kaiyue Wang ◽  
Binbin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Iga Nephropathy ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Caproic Acid ◽  
Isobutyric Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Β Diversity

Abstract Background: IgA nephropathy(IgAN)) is the common pathological type of glomerular diseases. The role of gut microbiota in mediating "gut-IgA nephropathy" has not received sufficient attention in the previous studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of fecal short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs), a metabolite of the intestinal microbiota, in patients with IgAN and its correlation with intestinal flora and clinical indicators, and to further investigate the role of the gut-renal axis in IgAN.Methods: There were 29 patients with IgAN and 29 normal control subjects recruited from January 2018 to May 2018. The fresh feces were collected. The fecal SCFAs were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and gut microbiota was analysed by16S rDNA sequences, followed by estimation of α- and β-diversity. Correlation analysis was performed using the spearman’s correlation test between SCFAs and gut microbiota. Results:The levels of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid and caproic acid in the IgAN patients were significantly reduced compared with control group(P<0.05). Butyric acid(r=-0.336, P=0.010) and isobutyric acid(r=-0.298, P=0.022) were negatively correlated with urea acid; butyric acid(r=-0.316, P=0.016) was negatively correlated with urea nitrogen; caproic acid(r=-0.415,P=0.025) showed negative correlation with 24-h urine protein level.Exemplified by the results of α-diversity and β-diversity, the intestinal flora of IgAN patients was significantly different from that of the control group. Acetic acid was positively associated with c_Clostridia(r=0.357, P=0.008), o_Clostridiales(r=0.357, P=0.008) and g_Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group(r=0.283, P=0.036). Butyric acid was positively associated with g_Alistipes (r=0.278, P=0.040). The relative abundance of those were significantly decreased in IgAN group compared to control group.Conclusion: The levels of fecal SCFAs in the IgAN patients were reduced, and correlated with clinical parameters and gut microbiota, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of IgAN, and this finding may provide a new therapeutic approach.

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