scholarly journals Committee for Academic Affairs JSSHP Research Award 2020 Clinical Research and Basic Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-33
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Academic Affairs ◽  
Research Award

Estrogens and Memory

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Exciting Field ◽  
Age Related ◽  
One Stop ◽  
Estrogenic Regulation

Although estrogens are best known for their roles in reproduction, they are also key modulators of brain regions that mediate learning and memory formation. This regulation has significant translational implications, as estrogens contribute to age-related memory decline and dementia, emotional disorders, addiction, and recovery from brain injury. Although the importance of estrogens for memory formation has been well accepted within the behavioral neuroendocrinology community, they have yet to be fully appreciated by neuroscientists outside of the discipline. The majority of researchers are not trained endocrinologists, and no previous monograph comprehensively encompasses the breadth of basic and clinical research on this subject. Estrogens and Memory: Basic Research and Clinical Implications provides a compendium of cutting-edge basic and clinical research describing the ways in which estrogens regulate memory in a variety of species. Chapters are written by leading experts whose work is on the forefront of this exciting field. The book is organized into three sections: effects of estrogens on the hippocampus and other brain regions central to memory, effects of estrogens on memory and related cognitive processes throughout the lifespan, and translational implications of estrogenic regulation of memory for aging and disease. This book gives an insider’s perspective on how hormonal regulation of brain function influences cognition and provides a one-stop reference for those interested in learning about the effects of estrogens on memory and the resulting implications for mental health.

scholarly journals Role for Endocannabinoids in Spinal Manipulative Therapy Analgesia?

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Onifer ◽  
Randall S. Sozio ◽  
Cynthia R. Long
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Spinal Manipulative Therapy ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Disabilities ◽  
Manipulative Therapy ◽  
Critical Knowledge ◽  
Sites Of Action

Chronic pain is quite prevalent and causes significant disabilities and socioeconomic burdens. Spinal manipulative therapy and other manipulative therapies are used to manage chronic pain. There is a critical knowledge gap about mechanisms and sites of action in spinal manipulative therapy pain relief, especially the short-term analgesia that occurs following a treatment. Endocannabinoids are an activity-dependent neurotransmitter system that acts as a short-term synaptic circuit breaker. This review describes both clinical research and basic research evidence suggesting that endocannabinoids contribute to short-term manipulative therapy analgesia. Determining endocannabinoids involvement in spinal manipulative therapy will improve its clinical efficacy when results from basic science and clinical research are translated.

scholarly journals Targeting mitochondria to restore failed adaptation to exercise in diabetes

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Geary ◽  
Leslie A. Knaub ◽  
Irene E. Schauer ◽  
Amy C. Keller ◽  
Peter A. Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Muscle Perfusion

Our translational research group focuses on addressing the problem of exercise defects in diabetes with basic research efforts in cell and rodent models and clinical research efforts in subjects with diabetes mellitus. CREB (cAMP-response-element-binding protein) regulates cellular differentiation of neurons, β-cells, adipocytes and smooth muscle cells; it is also a potent survival factor and an upstream regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. In diabetes and cardiovascular disease, CREB protein content is decreased in the vascular media, and its regulation in aberrant in β-cells, neurons and cardiomyocytes. Loss of CREB content and function leads to decreased vascular target tissue resilience when exposed to stressors such as metabolic, oxidative or sheer stress. This basic research programme set the stage for our central hypothesis that diabetes-mediated CREB dysfunction predisposes the diabetes disease progression and cardiovascular complications. Our clinical research programme revealed that diabetes mellitus leads to defects in functional exercise capacity. Our group has determined that the defects in exercise correlate with insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, decreased cardiac perfusion and diastolic dysfunction, slowed muscle perfusion kinetics, decreased muscle perfusion and slowed oxidative phosphorylation. Combined basic and clinical research has defined the relationship between exercise and vascular function with particular emphasis on how the signalling to CREB and eNOS [endothelial NOS (nitric oxide synthase)] regulates tissue perfusion, mitochondrial dynamics, vascular function and exercise capacity. The present review summarizes our current working hypothesis that restoration of eNOS/NOS dysfunction will restore cellular homoeostasis and permit an optimal tissue response to an exercise training intervention.

scholarly journals The number, scope and geographic distribution of clinical researchers in Canada

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malathi Raghavan ◽  
J Dean Sandham
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Research Capacity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Grants ◽  
Principal Investigators ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
The Ideal

Purpose: Despite international concerns about declining numbers of clinical researchers, the number of clinical researchers in Canada remains undocumented. Methods: The number and geographic distribution of clinical researchers in Canada and the scope of their research activities were estimated using, as an indicator, the data on clinical research projects funded by the Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR). Results: Between fiscal years 1999-00 and 2006-07, 1,041 individual researchers—approximately 130 per year—were principal investigators (PIs) on clinical research grants. One hundred and 26 researchers received salary awards; 449 supervisors oversaw the clinical research activities of 230 fellows and 223 students with trainee awards. An additional 2,305 individuals served only as co-investigators on grants. Most (863 [83%]) PIs received funding for operating grants; 196 (19%) PIs received funding for randomized controlled trials. The institute of neurosciences, mental health and addiction funded the highest number of researchers (187 [18%] PIs, 40 [17%] fellows, and 73 [33%] students). Among provinces, Quebec led the nation with the highest number (45) of PIs per million population. Ontario had the highest number of clinical research fellows (10 per million population) while Quebec and Saskatchewan each hosted more students (11 per million). Conclusion: The number of Canadian investigators with funding for clinical research from CIHR was low. Although the ideal ratio of clinical to basic research capacity is not known, the possibility that the gap between laboratory-based research and clinical research is larger in Canada than in the United States is discussed.

Improvement science is a partner in basic and clinical research

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 724-727
Author(s):  
Jaclyn N Kline ◽  
Asha S Payne
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Control Charts ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Subject Matter Experts ◽  
Improvement Science ◽  
Statistical Process ◽  
The People ◽  
Process Control Charts ◽  
Statistical Process Control Charts

A breadth of time, effort, and resources are put into research. Improvement science is an applied science emphasizing rapid-cycle testing to learn about change and produce improvement. Its foundations lie in understanding your system, its parts and their relationships, and the psychology of change, yet the framework of improvement science is analogous to basic research. In basic research you first ask a question, then form a hypothesis based on background research. After testing this hypothesis, a researcher then draws conclusions and shares the results. In improvement science, researchers start the same, with asking a question, and then defining what is considered an improvement. Rapid-cycle tests of change are guided by subject matter experts and the people and processes involved. The data provided from these tests of change allow researchers to show improvement and share results. The success of improvement science is showcased through statistical process control charts, which inform when significant change has occurred. Improvement science can be applied across all fields of medicine; is a natural partner to basic and clinical research, as it plays a vital role in the implementation and adoption of the best evidence.

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