scholarly journals Purified glycerin in balanced diets for chicken broilers from 8 to 21 days old

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mônica Calixto da Silva ◽  
Roberta Gomes Marçal Vieira Vaz ◽  
Kênia Ferreira Rodrigues ◽  
Luciano Fernanades Sousa ◽  
José Henrique Stringhini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

This paper aimed to evaluate the metabolizability, performance and economic viability of purified glycerin inclusion in balanced diets fed to chicken broilers from 8 to 21 days old. Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, 100 broilers (14 days old) were distributed in a completely randomized design into two treatments, with five replications of 10 broilers. Treatments consisted of a control diet and a test diet, in which purified glycerin replaced 10% of the control diet. In the second experiment, 200 broilers (8 days old) were distributed in a completely randomized design into four treatments (0, 2, 4 and 6% of purified glycerin inclusion), with five replications of 10 broilers. The weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, final weight, apparent metabolizable energy (AME), nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn), metabolizability coefficients of dry matter (DMMC), crude protein (CPMC) and gross energy (GEMC), and the cost of feed per kg of broiler produced were evaluated. The AME, AMEn, DMMC, CPMC and GEMC from the purified glycerin were 3790 and 3560 kcal/kg, and 83.72, 71.52 and 86.27%, respectively. The glycerin levels did not affect (p>0.05) any of the performance characteristics (weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion and final weight). The lowest feeding cost and the highest gross margin were obtained for broilers fed with 6% purified glycerin. The inclusion of 6% purified glycerin in balanced diets for broilers from 8 to 21 days old was technically and economically feasible.

scholarly journals Nutritional evaluation of corn grown using different organic fertilizers for slow-growing broilers

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 895
Author(s):  
Carla Fonseca Alves Campos ◽  
Jefferson Costa de Siqueira ◽  
Kênia Ferreira Rodrigues ◽  
Roberta Gomes Marçal Vieira Vaz ◽  
Susana Queiroz Santos Mello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Slow Growing

The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, energy values and nutrient metabolizability coefficients of corn grown using different organic fertilizers and its use for feeding slow-growing broilers. Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, two hundred 21-day-old broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and four replicates of 10 birds per experimental unit. The treatments were a control diet and four test diets (corn fertilized with crotalaria, corn fertilized with millet, corn fertilized with humus, and corn without fertilization), including corn at 30% in the control diet. The apparent metabolizable energy, apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance, and apparent metabolizability coefficients of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy were determined. In the performance trial, two hundred and fifty 1-day-old chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design into five treatments (T1 – control diet with commercial corn, T2 – corn without fertilization, T3 – corn fertilized with humus, T4 – corn fertilized with millet and T5 – corn fertilized with crotalaria) and five replicates of 10 birds per experimental unit. Weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion and final weight at 20 days were evaluated. The AME and AMEn values of corn fertilized with crotalaria, millet, humus and corn without fertilization were 3246 and 3239 kcal kg?1; 2965 and 2954 kcal kg?1; 2909 and 2877 kcal kg?1; and 3265 and 3201 kcal kg?1, respectively. The apparent metabolizable coefficients of DM, CP and GE were: 89.75%, 66.88% and 88.5% for corn fertilized with crotalaria; 84.38%, 58.73% and 81.4% for corn fertilized with millet; 80.38%, 53.45% and 78.95% for corn fertilized with humus; and 89.48%, 68.95% and 87.85% for corn without fertilization, respectively. Feeding broilers with corn cultivated with different fertilizers affected (P < 0.05) weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion and final weight. The treatments using corn fertilized with crotalaria, millet, humus and commercial corn did not differ, with better results in relation to corn crop cultivated without fertilization. The use of crotalaria and millet as a green manure, and humus derived from dairy manure are alternatives that can be used on corn crop as they resulted in grains with adequate nutritional composition, energy values and metabolizable coefficients for slow-growing broilers from 1 to 20 days of age.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary inclusion of Anthonata macrophyla meal on the performance of broiler starter chicks

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-273
Author(s):  
C. S. Durunna ◽  
A.B.I. Udedibie ◽  
M.C. Uchegbu
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

A 28-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary inclusion of Anth:-:: macrophylla meal on the performance of broiler starter chicks. Anthonala macrophyla was harvested from the wild, wushed, chopped into tablets, sun-dried and milled to produce the test meal. The meal contained un diy matter basis 21.11% crude protein, 1.90% crude fat, 2.00% total ash, 5.03% crude fibre and 54.36% nitrogen free extract. Five (5) broiler starter diets were formulated to contain the meal at 0,5,10,15 and 20% level, respectively. One hundred and eighty (180) day-old Anak broiler chicks were divided into 5 groups of thirty-six birds each and randomly allocated to the five treatment rations in a completely randomized design (CRD). Data were collected on feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, protein efficient ratio, cost of production of one kilogramme of each test feed among others and carcass characteristics. At 15 and 20% dietary levels. Anthonata macrophylla significantly (p<0.05) depressed feed intake, daily weight guin, feed conversion and protein efficiency ratios and final weight gain of the birds. Organ weight parameters showed no significant (P>0.05) differences among the treatments. The results of this investigation suggest that Anthonata macrophyla meal can be included in broiler starter ration up to 10% without any deleterious effect on the birds and at this level of inclusion, feed cost was reduced by 10%. 

scholarly journals The effect of forage to concentrate ratios on the performance of weaner rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
A. H. Akinmutimi ◽  
S. F. Abasiekong, ◽  
U. S. Ekwu
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Total Weight Gain ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The effect of forage to concentrate ratios on the performance of weaner rabbits was investigated using twenty (20) weaner rabbits. They were randomly assigned to five treatment diets/with two replicates of two (2) rabbits per pen in a completely randomized design CRD). The experiment lasted for 56 days. Ti = forage 80%: concentrate 20%, T2 = forage 60%. concentrate 40%, T3 = forage 40%: concentrate 60%, T4 = forage 20%: concentrate 80% and T5 = forage 50%: concentrate 50% served as the control. Data were collected for feed intake, weight gain, carcass quality and the economics of the diet. The growth performance result was significantly different (p<0.05) for all the parameters considered except for total feed intake. Treatment 3 (T3) had the highest value for final weight (1423.0 g), total weight gain (925.5g) and daily weight gain (16.52 g), with the least feed conversion ratio of (2.58) among others. The cut parts results showed that there was significant difference (p<0.05) for all the parameters considered. 73 also had the highest value for the prime parts. The organ weights results did not follow any specific pattern that could be attributed to the effect of the test ingredients. The economics /gross margin showed that T3 was favoured among others A 731.38, N929.18, N1045.78, N828.81, N825.39),T3 (forage40%: concentrate 60%) was therefore recommended.  

scholarly journals Pawpaw seed meal-based diets enhanced growth performance of rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-78
Author(s):  
S. K. Ayandiran ◽  
A. A. Oladokun ◽  
Y. A, Olaogun ◽  
A. A. Akande ◽  
I. Adekunle
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

This study was carried out to investigate the growth performance of rabbits fed pawpaw seed based diet. In ten-week trial, 60 mixed breeds of weaner rabbits aged 5 - 6 weeks were allotted to five treatments in a completely randomized design. Five concentrate diets were  compounded with the inclusion of pawpaw seed meal (PSM) at 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% graded levels. The rabbits were weighed before the commencement of the experiment and  subsequently weekly throughout the experiment to calculate the daily weight gain. The proximate composition and the metabolizable energy of experimental diets were carried out  in the laboratory. The feed intake was estimate from the differences between the feed offer and  the feed refusal. The proximate components of the diets contained inclusion of PSM were similar and comparable to the control diet in this study. The metabolizable energy of 10%PSM, 20%PSM and 40%PSM diets were higher than the 0%PSM. There were no  significant differences (P>0.05) among the means of feed intake, initial and final weight of  rabbits across the experimental treatment. The rabbits fed diets 0%PSM (6.52) and 30%PSM  (6.82) had significantly higher (p<0.05) daily weight gains as compared to 10%PSM (5.82)  and 40%PSM (4.85) diets whereas rabbits fed 20%PSM (4.59) had the best feed conversion  ratio compared to 10%PSM (5.92), 0%PSM (6.55), 30%PSM (6.71) and 40%PSM (7.75). It could therefore be concluded that inclusion of pawpaw seed meal in the diet of rabbits up to 30% improved feed intake and growth performance of rabbits.     Cette étude a été réalisée pour étudier les performances de croissance des lapins nourris à base de graines de papaye. Au cours d'un essai de dix semaines, 60 races mixtes de lapins sevrés âgés de 5 à 6 semaines ont été attribuées à cinq traitements d'une conception complètement randomisée. Cinq régimes concentrés ont été composés avec l'inclusion du repas de graine de papaye (le 'PSM') aux niveaux classés 0, 10, 20, 30 et 40%. Les lapins ont été pesés avant le début de l'expérience et par la suite chaque semaine tout au long de l'expérience pour calculer le gain de poids quotidien. La composition immédiate et l'énergie métabolisable des régimes expérimentaux ont été réalisées en laboratoire. L'apport alimentaire a été estimé à partir des différences entre l'offre alimentaire et le refus d'alimentation. Les composants proximate des régimes qui ont de 'PSM' étaient semblables et comparables au régime de contrôle dans cette étude. L'énergie métabolisable de 10% PSM, 20%PSM et 40%PSM régimes étaient plus élevés que les 0%PSM. Il n'y avait pas de différences significatives (P>0,05) entre les moyens d'apport alimentaire, le poids initial et final des lapins dans le traitement expérimental. Les lapins nourris régimes 0%PSM (6.52) et 30%PSM (6.82) ont eu sensiblement plus haut (p<0.05) gains quotidiens de poids par rapport à 10%PSM (5.82) et 40%PSM (4.85) régime alors que les lapins nourris à 20% PSM (4.59) avaient le meilleur ratio de conversion des aliments contre 10%PSM (5.92), 0%PSM (6.55), 30% PSM (6.71) et 40% PSM (7.75). On pourrait donc conclure que l'inclusion de farine de graines de papaye dans l'alimentation des lapins jusqu'à 30 % a amélioré l'apport alimentaire et les performances de croissance des lapins.

scholarly journals Effect of stocking density on performance, carcass yield, productivity, and bone development in broiler chickens Cobb 500®

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2705
Author(s):  
Cleoneide Dos Santos Henrique ◽  
Andréia Fróes Galuci Oliveira ◽  
Thales Silva Ferreira ◽  
Eduardo Santos Silva ◽  
Bruna Finotti Fonseca Reis de Mello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Total Phase ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

This study aimed to assess the effect of stocking density of 10, 12, 14, and 16 birds m?2 on performance, carcass and cut yields, productivity, and bone development of broiler chickens Cobb 500®. The experimental design was completely randomized design with four treatments (stocking densities) and four replications. The assessments were performed weekly at 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days. The best live weight result was found at a density of 10 birds m?2 in the period from 1 to 7 days. No effect of density was observed on feed intake and weight gain. From 1 to 14 days, the best live weights were found at densities of 10, 12, and 14 birds m?2, in addition to a higher feed intake at densities of 10 and 12 birds m?2. Weight gain was better at a density of 10 birds m?2, showing no differences from densities of 12 and 14 birds m?2. In the period from 1 to 21 days, live weight and weight gain were higher at densities of 10, 12, and 14 birds m?2. The highest feed intake was observed at a density of 10 birds m?2, which showed no difference from the density of 14 birds m?2. A difference (P < 0.05) was observed for live weight, weight gain, and feed intake of animals reared at densities of 10, 12, and 14 birds m?2 for the phases from 1 to 35 days and the total phase from 1 to 42 days of bird age when compared to 16 birds m?2, which presented lower performance. However, feed conversion of 1-7, 1-14, 1-21, 1-35, and 1-42 days and carcass and cut characteristics showed no significant differences for all treatments. On the other hand, productivity was higher in the treatments with 14 and 16 birds m?2, but without difference between each other. No interaction (P > 0.05) was observed between stocking density and age for the assessed bone parameters. Similarly, no difference (P > 0.05) was observed for bone development of broiler chickens reared at different stocking densities for the studied parameters. Thus, the increased density of 10 or 12 birds m?2 to 14 birds m?2 has no influence on zootechnical performance, carcass and cut yields, and bone development, but increases broiler chicken productivity reared in a conventional shed without air conditioning.

scholarly journals Use of golden mussel and wattle tannin in the supply of cut chickens

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1951
Author(s):  
Douglas Fernando Bayerle ◽  
Ricardo Vianna Nunes ◽  
Lucas Wachholz ◽  
Taciana Maria de Oliveira Bruxel ◽  
José Geraldo de Vargas Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Liver Size ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Golden Mussel ◽  
Different Levels

This study aimed to evaluate the use of acacia tannin as a toxic metal adsorbent in the diets of broilers fed with the inclusion of golden mussel meal in substitution for calcitic limestone. In the first trial, 648 male 21-day-old animals were divided among six treatments and six replicates, with 18 birds per experimental unit, organized in a completely randomized design (DIC). The treatments were diets with different acacia tannin levels (0, 250, 500, 750, 1000, or 1250 g ton-1). The results indicated that 250 g ton-1 of tannin was not harmful to weight gain, final weight, or feed conversion. Tannin levels caused a decrease in carcass yield and fat deposition and an increase in liver size. For the second trial, 900 male broilers of 21 days of age were used and distributed in a DIC, with different levels of substitution of calcitic limestone by the golden mussel meal (0, 25, 50, 75, or 100 %) and supplementation or not with acacia tannins (250 g ton-1), with 5 replicates and each experimental unit being composed of 18 birds. The performance data show that the use of 250 g ton-1 of tannin is detrimental to bone performance and resistance and golden mussel meal can be used to substitute up to 100 % of the limestone in the diets without affecting the variables studied.

Enzyme complex addition in barley or rye broiler diets with two energy levels fed from 1 to 21 days

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Caio Henrique Pereira de Souza ◽  
Márcia Izumi Sakamoto ◽  
Paulo Cesar Pozza ◽  
Tatiana Carlesso dos Santos ◽  
Humberto Marques Lipori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Enzyme Complex ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate diet digestibility, performance, digestive parameters, and blood parameters when an enzyme complex (EC) was used in barley- and rye-based diets with different energy levels. In the digestibility assay (exp. I), 108 seventeen-day-old Cobb male broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design in 2 × 2 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement with two feeds (barley or rye), two EC levels (0% and 0.02%), and two energy levels [3025 and 3125 kcal apparent metabolizable energy (AME)·kg−1], plus a control treatment. In exp. II, 1080 one-day-old Cobb male broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design in 2 × 2 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement with two feeds (barley or rye), two EC levels (0% and 0.02%), and two energy levels (2875 and 2975 kcal AME·kg−1). No interactions were observed for any variables (exp. I and II). Enzyme complex improved the apparent metabolizable coefficient of gross energy (P = 0.0432) of diets. The EC provided greater weight gain (P = 0.0003) and better feed conversion (P = 0.0025). Intestinal viscosity at 21 d was reduced (P < 0.0001) with the addition of the EC. The EC improved nutrient digestibility and performance, but the effects of energy reduction on performance could not be overcome.

scholarly journals Sequential metabolizable energy plans for piglets from 7 to 30 kg

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéssica Lira da Silva ◽  
Charles Kiefer ◽  
Karina Márcia Ribeiro de Souza Nascimento ◽  
Anderson Corassa ◽  
Kelly Cristina Nunes Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Sequential Plan ◽  
Final Weight

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate sequential metabolizable energy (ME) plans, maintaining the lysine: calorie ratio for piglets from 7 to 30 kg. Forty eight female piglets with initial weight of 6.9 ± 1.2 kg and final weight of 30.5 ± 3.8 kg were randomly allocated in a randomized complete blocks design to three nutritional plans with eight replicates and two animals per experimental unit. Sequential plans provided four ME levels: plan 1: 3,300-3,250-3,200-3,150 kcal ME kg-1, plan 2: 3,400-3,350-3,300-3,250 kcal ME kg-1, and plan 3: 3,500-3,450-3,400-3,350 kcal ME kg-1 of feed, from 7 to 10 kg, 10 to 15 kg, 15 to 20 kg and 20 to 30 kg, respectively. From 7 to 10 kg, there was no effect (P>0.05) of the nutritional plans in the evaluated variables. From 7 to 15 kg, a higher (P<0.05) energy intake and weight gain and a better (P < 0.05) feed conversion was observed in animals fed with nutritional plans 2 and 3. Nutritional plans 2 and 3 resulted in higher (P<0.05) final weight, feed intake, energy intake, digestible lysine intake, weight gain, and better feed conversion in the 7 to 20 kg, 7 to 25 kg and 7 to 30 kg. It is recommended the sequential plan containing 3,400-3,350-3,300-3,250 kcal ME kg-1 of feed from 7 to 10 kg, from 10 to 15 kg, 15 to 20 kg, and from 20 to 30 kg; respectively, equivalent to levels of 2,546-2,513-2,501-2,475 kcal net energy (NE) kg-1 of feed for piglets.

scholarly journals Short Communication. Sodium chloride levels in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) fingerling feeds free of fish meal

2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. e06SC01-e06SC01
Author(s):  
Natalia C. Aguiar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Aquatic Organism ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Average Weight Gain

Aim of study: To evaluate the effects of increasing NaCl levels on the zootechnical performance of pacu fingerling. Area of study: The experiments were conducted at the Aquatic Organism Production and Reproduction Systems Laboratory belonging to the Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), in the Palotina Sector, Paraná Estate, Brazil. Material and methods: Seven hundred and fifty fingerlings with an average weight of 3.41 ± 0.09 g were distributed in circular boxes, in a completely randomized design consisting of six treatments and five replications. Treatments comprised soybean- and maize-based diets containing increasing levels of NaCl (0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00 and 1.25%). The experiments were conducted for 50 days. At the end of the experimental period the fish were fasted for 24 hours, anesthetized, weighed and measured to calculate zootechnical performances. Performance data were subjected to an analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s test when significant differences were found between the means (p<0.05). Main results: The influence (p<0.05) of dietary NaCl levels on final weight, feed intake, apparent feed conversion, specific growth rate, average weight gain, clean trunk production, head carcass yield, headless carcass yield, feed intake and survival was assessed. The results indicate that non-salt treated fingerlings along with the 0.25% salt inclusion treatment led to better feed use, as evidenced by apparent feed conversions of 1.64 and 2.02, respectively. Research highlights: The inclusion of NaCl in pacu fingerling soybean and maize-based diets is not recommended.

scholarly journals Effect of Lactobacillus sp. probiotics on intestinal histology, Escherichia coli in excreta and broiler performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 445
Author(s):  
M.N. Hidayat ◽  
R. Malaka ◽  
L. Agustina ◽  
W. Pakiding
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Intestinal Histology ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Performance Research

The study was conducted to determine the effect of Lactobacillus sp. in intestinal histology, total amount of Escherichia coli in broiler chicken excreta and broiler performance. Research has been conducted using a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replications utilize 15 chickens. Lactobacillus sp. 5.8 x 107 CFU/mL was mixed in drinking water and also feed commercial concentrates together ad libitum. The results showed that treatment had significant effect (P <0.05) on weight gain, ration conversion, and final weight. There was no difference (P>0.05) ration consumption on doses of Lactobacillus sp. treatment 0 mL/days, 1 ml/days, 3 ml/days, and 5 ml/days. In general, the probiotic treatments of 1, 3, and 5 mL/days of lactobacillus sp. were better at villus height, villus surface area, weight gain, final weight, and feed conversion compared to control. Treatment a dose of 3 mL / d (1.7 x 108 CFU) is the best dose in providing optimal response to histology of the small intestine, and broiler performance. Treatment 5 mL/days has the lowest amount of Escherichia coli in manure of broiler. In conclusion, Lactobacillus sp. can be used as one candidate probiotic for broiler.

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