scholarly journals Wartości i klasy społeczne

Etyka ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 93-121
Author(s):  
Piotr Buczkowski ◽  
Leszek Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Historical Materialism ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Social Category ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
States Of Affairs ◽  
The Family ◽  
Secondary Classes ◽  
Definition Of

Marxist axiology presupposes the theory of historical materialism: this article is concerned with an adaptive interpretation of the latter. Its concern is reflected in the proposed definition of value: value is the family of classes of states of affairs identified by the relation of preference of an ideal social subject (who represents a certain social category). The article presents the hierarchy of social categories based on the adaptive interpretation of historical materialism: primary classes, secondary classes (comprising, so called, class fractions) strata, etc. In the course of argumentation the aforementioned definition of value becomes more and more realistic and permits ever more precise determination of values accepted in a society.

scholarly journals II—On the Liassic Fish Osteorachis Macrocephalus

1895 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 204-206
Author(s):  
Arthur Smith Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Single Species ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Present Writer ◽  
Systematic Relationships ◽  
Definition Of

Among the fishes of the Lower Lias of Lyme Regis, Dorsetshire, described by Egerton from imperfect evidence, is the genus Osteorachis, with the single species, O. macrocephalus. The original description and figure are so unsatisfactory that nothing beyond the name of the fish is quoted even in Zittel's “Handbuch” (vol. iii, p. 230), while this bears an appended query; and the author's definition of the genus is certainly much too vague to admit of any precise determination of its systematic relationships. Under these circumstances it is of interest to return to a consideration of the fish in the light of more recently discovered specimens, which seem to the present writer to comprise not only examples of the trunk but also, at least, one satisfactory head.

PRECISE DETERMINATION OF BACKBONE STRUCTURE AND CONDUCTIVITY OF 3D PERCOLATION NETWORKS BY THE DIRECT ELECTRIFYING ALGORITHM

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (03) ◽  
pp. 423-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHUNYU LI ◽  
TSU-WEI CHOU
Keyword(s):  
Efficient Algorithm ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Scaling Exponents ◽  
Resistor Network ◽  
Backbone Structure ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Good Agreement

This paper confirms the applicability of a newly developed efficient algorithm, the direct electrifying method, for identifying backbone for 3D site and bond percolating networks. This algorithm is based on the current-carrying definition of backbone and carried out on the predetermined spanning cluster, which is assumed to be a resistor network. The scaling exponents so obtained for backbone mass, red bonds, and conductivity are in very good agreement with some existing results. The perfectly balanced bonds in 3D backbone structures are predicted first time to be 0.00179 ± 0.00009 and 0.00604 ± 0.00008 of the backbone mass for bond and site percolations, respectively.

scholarly journals Les Allemagnes et la division Est-Ouest : Une ambivalence politique

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-559
Author(s):  
Paul Létourneau
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Special Functions ◽  
States Of Affairs ◽  
Concrete Case ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Official Policy ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of

This article is about the role of international bureaucracies in the determination of the general policies of international organizations. In this paper it is argued that in general international organizations' Secretariats generally do wield, considerable power over the definition of the institutions' strategies, i.e. those activities, priorities and projects which taken together make up the program of the institution for a given period. Indeed, the international bureaucrats exercise tremendous control over the content of the program. This is so because international organizations have special functions in the world System. They must see to it that, certain states of affairs prevail in the world over the long run. It is, therefore, no surprise that the programs' content be more or less shielded from conjonctural fluctuations. The article then proceeds to test these hypotheses on a concrete case: the analysis of the processus through which Unesco's program goes before becoming the official policy of the organization.

A revision of the family Typhlotanaidae Sieg 1984 (Crustacea: Tanaidacea) with the remarks on the Nototanaidae Sieg, 1976

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1598 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAGDALENA BŁAŻEWICZ-PASZKOWYCZ
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Taxa ◽  
Museum Specimens ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Antarctic Waters ◽  
The Family ◽  
Definition Of

Recent tanaidacean material collected from Antarctic waters, primarily during the ANDEEP expeditions of 2002 and 2005, includes a number of new taxa attributable to the families Nototanaidae and Typhlotanaidae sensu Sieg. Analysis of this material has exposed a problem with the recent contention of the two families, and has revealed consistent morphological trends which support the distinction of these two families. In the present paper, examination of both museum specimens and newly-collected material, has allowed a re-analysis based on a series of detailed morphological observations, resulting in a new definition of the families Typhlotanaidae Sieg, 1984 with the establishment of five new genera (Hamatipeda n. gen., Larsenotanais n. gen., Pulcherella n. gen., Torquella n. gen., Typhlamia n. gen.), a the description of thirteen new species, the redescription of fifteen species, and the construction of keys for the determination of typhlotanaid genera and of the species of three newly-erected genera.

Precise Determination of Residual Stresses in Large Specimens by Neutron Diffraction

2010 ◽  
Vol 652 ◽  
pp. 80-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thilo Pirling ◽  
Darren J. Hughes ◽  
Jeremy S. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Residual Strain ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Gauge Volume ◽  
Defining System ◽  
Slit System ◽  
Experimental Errors ◽  
Strain Magnitude ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Significant Underestimation

Experimental errors in neutron residual strain imaging are often underestimated, mis-understood or simply ignored. The choice of beam defining optics can play a large role in the magnitude of these errors. In this paper we show that the use of a traditional slit beam defining system with large specimens can lead to several sources of errors. Large specimens usually require necessarily large distances between the slits and the instrument reference point (gauge volume). At large distances, the slit system can lead to significant underestimation of the residual strain magnitude as well as poor definition of the gauge volume. We show that for large specimens, the use of radial focussing collimators reduces these effects, leading to significant improvement in measurement reliability. Specifically, we show application of radial collimators at the SALSA instrument of the Institut Laue Langevin neutron source in Grenoble, France.

scholarly journals The key issues of rural multi-child families (on the example of Vilyuysky District of the Sakha Republic)

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Mariya Revor'evna Chemporova ◽  
Aiza Borisovna Neustroeva
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Sakha Republic ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
The Family ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Definition Of

The subject of this research is the problems of multi-child families in rural areas of Vilyuysky District of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). The article explores the definition of multi-child family, as well as federal and regional measures of their social support. The authors describe in detail the key problems currently faced by multi-child families. Assessment is given to the state support of such families. The main research method is the interview with multi-child families residing in Vilyuysky District of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). The selection of families for participation in the interview was based on the following criteria: number of children, age, level of education, and parents’ employment status. The main conclusions of the conducted research lie in the description of multi-child parenting from the perspective of rural multi-child families, and determination of trends of multi-child parenting in the region. The results of the research allow speaking of the fact that the dominant reproductive preference of the majority of women living in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) became the family model with three children. The percentage of children born in multi-child families among all children of the republic us 52.8%. The novelty consists in identification of the key problems experienced by multi-child families in the remote northern region. The authors thoroughly describe the financial, housing, pedagogical problems of such families.

Role of the family focused technologies in the clinical course of pregnancy at women of high obstetric risk

2016 ◽  
pp. 64-66
Author(s):  
S.Yu. Vdovichenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparison Group ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Married Couple ◽  
Premature Births ◽  
Individual Support ◽  
The Family ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Individual Preparation

The objective: to show a role of the family focused technologies in depression of frequency of pathology of pregnancy at women of high obstetric risk. Patients and methods. For determination of efficiency of prophylaxis of pathology of pregnancy on the basis of use of the family focused technologies complex clinical-psychological and laboratory and tool examination of 300 women with factors of obstetric risk which were divided into two groups was conducted. In the main group – 182 women with motivation on partner labors to which provided training on system of individual preparation of married couple to labors. The comparison group consisted of 118 women who were not in prenatal training and had individual support in childbirth, with the traditional approach to pain management. Results. Use of the family focused technologies during pregnancy allows to reduce significantly the frequency of the main complications of pregnancy, especially not incubation and premature births. Conclusion. In our opinion, the technique is simple, available and can widely be used in practical health care at women with high obstetric risk. Key words: obstetric risk, the family focused technologies, prophylaxis.

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