scholarly journals Safety profile of clarithromycin in broilers after repeated oral administration

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Hanady Awadallah ◽  
Shaban Awidat ◽  
Emad Bennour ◽  
Giuma Elhafi ◽  
Abubakr El-Mahmoudy
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Parallel Study ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Lipid Parameters

The effects of repeated oral administration of clarithromycin (7.5 mg/Kg B.W., daily for 5 consecutive days) on blood parameters, clinico-chemical parameters and vital organ histology were evaluated in Ross broiler chickens. Twelve clinically healthy birds have been used in a parallel study design, where they have been randomly divided into two groups. The 1st group received a dose of 7.5 mg clarithromycin/Kg as intracrop bolus daily for 5 consecutive days after 6 h fasting; while the 2nd group received iso-saline and was kept as control. Blood samples were collected from all birds via the wing and metatarsal vein punctures on the 5th day for clinico-chemical and haematological examinations; and liver, kidneys and heart were dissected out for histopathological examination. Results revealed that repeated administration of clarithromycin caused significant increases in ALP, AST, ALT, CK, urea and creatinine levels, compared to those of control. Metabolic parameters exhibited significant decrease in albumin with consequent decrease in total protein and decreased albumin/globulin ratio. Lipid parameters remained unchanged, compared to control. Leuckogram revealed that total leuckocytic count was decreased as a result of the decreased number of lymphocytes and mid-sized cells. On the other hand, granulocytes number exhibited significant increase (granulocytosis) together with increased number of platelets (thrombocytosis); while erythrogram remained insignifi-cantly affected. Liver and kidney showed inflammatory cellular infiltrations associated with degenerative changes and haemorrhages. Although heart did not show inflammatory cellular infiltrations, yet breakage in some bundles was noted. These data indicate that although clarithromycin did not cause any clinical serious manifestations on the treated birds, yet laboratory analysis revealed some adverse effects on some organs as liver, kidney and heart as well as alterations in some clinic-chemical and hematological parameters; these findings should be taken in consideration during therapy with clarithromycin.

scholarly journals Comparative safety profiles of two enrofloxacin generics after repeated intracrop administration to broilers

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Nasser Ehmeza ◽  
Abdelrazzag Elmajdoub ◽  
Abdurazzag Abusnina ◽  
Emad Bennour ◽  
Giuma Elhafi Giuma Elhafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Regimen ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bolus Administration ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Comparative Safety ◽  
Plasma Creatine Kinase

Clinicochemical, haematological and histopathological alterations were demonstrated in broiler chickens following repeated oral bolus administration of two different enrofloxacin generic preparations, formulated as 10% oral solutions, given at a dose regimen of 10 mg/Kg body weight for 5 consecutive days. The two tested preparations were Enrol® (Medmac®, Jordan), referred thereafter as ENRO-A; and Syvaquinol® (Syva®, Spain), which referred thereafter as ENRO-B. Eighteen broilers chickens, aging 40 days old, divided equally and randomly into three groups, have been used in the present study. ENRO-A or ENRO-B was given via intra-crop route of administration at the above-mentioned dose regimen to birds of the 2nd and the 3rd groups, respectively; where those of the 1st group were given water instead and kept as control. Blood samples were collected from all birds via the wing and metatarsal veins on the 5th day for clinicochemical and haematological examinations. Birds were then humanely sacrificed and liver, kidneys and heart were dissected out for histopathological examination. Results revealed that ENRO-A induced a significant (p<0.05) increase of the activity of alkaline phosphatase compared to ENRO-B as well as control group. Both ENRO-A and ENRO-B caused significant increases in the levels of plasma urea and creatinine concentrations compared to control (p<0.05), with higher significance in case of ENRO-A. Activity of plasma creatine kinase significantly (p<0.05) increased after ENRO-A compared to control and ENRO-B-treated groups. ENRO-A and ENRO-B significantly (p<0.05) increased blood glucose and triglyceride levels compared to that of control. Cholesterol level was increased significantly (p<0.05) only after ENRO-B repeated administration. However, other metabolic parameters showed insignificant changes. Parallel inflammatory and degenerative histopathological changes in the affected organs, except kidneys, have been observed. Nevertheless, administration of either ENRO-A or ENRO-B caused insignificant changes in hematological parameters of the treated chicken groups. Data of the present study may indicate that enrofloxacin may cause organ dysfunction in broilers during the course of therapy based on clinicochemical and histopathological reasons. The data may also indicate that the pharmaceutical technology may be a detrimental factor in safety profiles of generic products based on the differences recorded between the two tested brands.

scholarly journals RESVERATROL INCLUSION COMPLEX WITH β-CYCLODEXTRIN (RCD): CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF TOXICITY IN WISTAR RATS

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. K. Nishihira ◽  
N. J. Mezzomo ◽  
M. D. Baldissera ◽  
R. A. Vaucher ◽  
C. G. Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Complex ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry

<p class="RSCB01ARTAbstract"><strong>Objective</strong>:<strong> </strong>The aim of this study was to characterise the resveratrol inclusion complex with β-cyclodextrin (RCD) and evaluate their toxicity in wistar rats.</p><p class="RSCB01ARTAbstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>The RCD were prepared in ultra-turrax. For characterization of the RCD were used: Fourier transform infra-red Spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray powder diffraction. The RCD and others 4 treatments were performed by the chronic oral administration in 35 rats during 60 ds. After the treatments they were euthanized and the serum blood were collected to analyzed some hemogram and biochemical parameters including aspartyl aminotransferase (AST); alanine aminotransferase (AST); phosphatase alkaline (ALP); total bilirubin (TB); direct bilirubin (DB); total protein (TP); total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TAG), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), calcium, iron and phosphate using fully automated biochemistry analyzer.</p><p class="RSCB01ARTAbstract"><strong>Results: </strong>The characterization results indicated a successful formation of the RCD. All hematological parameters analysed were within the normal values in all the groups. Furthermore, the hemogram and biochemical parameters were significantly (P&gt;0.05) similar to the control group.</p><p class="RSCB01ARTAbstract"><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The daily oral administration during 60 d of RCD are not harmful on blood parameters of Wistar rats. Thus, RCD can be used safely for treatment of some metabolic diseases.</p>

scholarly journals Selective Hematological, Biochemical and Pathological Alterations of Newcastle Virus in Naturally Infected and Vaccinated Broilers in Damietta Governorate of Egypt

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Shefaa A. M. EL-MANDRAWY ◽  
Shimaa A. A. ISMAIL
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Hypochromic Anemia ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
G Ratio

Newcastle disease (ND) remains one of the most harmful poultry diseases that threaten the poultry industry producers all over the world, thus the present work was planned to investigate the hematological, biochemical, and pathological changes in vaccinated and non-vaccinated broiler chickens naturally infected with ND. The study was conducted on 45 broiler chickens, 35-days-old, from a private farm in Damietta governorate and used in this work, 15 chickens were clinically healthy (Group I), 30 chickens with ND symptoms divided into 15 non-vaccinated (Group II) and the other 15 chickens (Group III) were vaccinated with La Sota strain of NDV with a titre of 106.5 EID50. The disease was diagnosed by hem agglutination test as ND. Blood and tissue samples were collected for clinical-pathological and histopathological examination. The infected broiler chickens showed cyanosis, nasal discharge, edema of eyelid and white pasty diarrhea with nervous manifestations. Furthermore, microcytic hypochromic anemia with leukocytosis was observed. Biochemical studies revealed a significant decrease in serum total proteins, albumin and A/G ratio, with significant increases in serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, and uric acid and glucose concentration in addition to several histological alterations were significantly seen in brain, intestine, liver and kidney of the infected birds. All these disturbances were less severe in the vaccinated group than the non-vaccinated one. In conclusion, La Sota vaccine can increase the bird resistant against Newcastle disease virus induced blood disorders and hepatic-renal insufficiency in broiler chickens.

scholarly journals LC-MS/MS analysis of doxycycline residues in chicken tissues after oral administration

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Gajda ◽  
Andrzej Posyniak ◽  
Grzegorz Tomczyk
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Chicken Tissues ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Abstract For the purpose of quantitative determination of doxycycline (DC) residues in tissues, a sensitive liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed. The method was used to determine DC residues in chicken tissues (breast and thigh muscle, liver and kidney) after oral administration with drinking water to five-weak-old broiler chickens. The DC was administered for five consecutive days at a therapeutic dose of 10 mg/kg b.w. once a day. The tissues were collected after 6 h, 24 h, 7 d, and 8 d. The method was validated and the decision limit was established for muscle - 109.2 μg/kg, for liver - 326.1 μg/kg, and for kidney - 634.0 μg/kg. The detection limit was 2 μg/kg and the limit of quantification was 5 μg/kg. In a short period after ceasing the treatment, the detected concentrations of DC were much higher than the established maximum residue limit values. The highest residue concentrations of DC were observed in the kidney, followed by the liver and muscle. The lowest concentration of DC was determined in tight muscle.

scholarly journals Influence of Bacterial Organic Selenium on Blood Parameters, Immune Response, Selenium Retention and Intestinal Morphology of Broiler Chickens

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Dalia ◽  
T. C. Loh ◽  
A. Q. Sazili ◽  
Anjas Asmara Samsudin
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Organic Selenium ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Immunity Response

Abstract Background: Several studies indicated that dietary organic selenium (Se) usually absorbed better than an inorganic source, with high retention and bioavailability. Dietary Se as an antioxidant element affects the immune system and hematological status in animals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of bacterial selenium as an organic source on hematology, immunity response, selenium retention, and gut morphology in broiler chickens. Results: The present results revealed that supplementation of inorganic Se was associated with the lowest level of RBC, HB, and PCV with significant difference than ADS18-Se. In the starter stage, both T2 and T5 were associated with the significantly highest IgG level compared to the basal diet, while all supplemented groups showed higher IgM levels compared to the control group. In the finisher phase, all Se supplemented groups showed significant (P ˂ 0.05) increases in IgG, IgA, and IgM levels compared to T1. Birds fed bacterial-Se showed high intestinal villus height and better Se retention more than sodium selenite. The organic selenium of ADS18 had a superior action in improving Se retention compared to ADS1 and ADS2 bacterial Se. Conclusion: Bacterial organic Se had a beneficial effect on the villus height of small intestine led to high Se absorption and retention. Thus, it caused a better effect of Se on hematological parameters and immunity response.

scholarly journals Influence of Bacterial Organic Selenium on Blood Parameters, Immune Response, Selenium Retention and Intestinal Morphology of Broiler Chickens

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Dalia ◽  
T. C. Loh ◽  
A. Q. Sazili ◽  
Anjas Asmara Samsudin
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Organic Selenium ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Immunity Response

Abstract Background: Several studies indicated that dietary organic selenium (Se) usually absorbed better than an inorganic source, with high retention and bioavailability. Dietary Se as an antioxidant element affects the immune system and hematological status in animals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of bacterial selenium as an organic source on hematology, immunity response, selenium retention, and gut morphology in broiler chickens. Results: The present results revealed that supplementation of inorganic Se was associated with the lowest level of RBC, HB, and PCV with significant difference than ADS18-Se. In the starter stage, both T2 and T5 were associated with the significantly highest IgG level compared to the basal diet, while all supplemented groups showed higher IgM levels compared to the control group. In the finisher phase, all Se supplemented groups showed significant (P ˂ 0.05) increases in IgG, IgA, and IgM levels compared to T1. Birds fed bacterial-Se showed high intestinal villus height and better Se retention more than sodium selenite. The organic selenium of ADS18 had a superior action in improving Se retention compared to ADS1 and ADS2 bacterial Se. Conclusion: Bacterial organic Se had a beneficial effect on the villus height of small intestine led to high Se absorption and retention. Thus, it caused a better effect of Se on hematological parameters and immunity response.

scholarly journals Influence of bacterial organic selenium on blood parameters, immune response, selenium retention and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Dalia ◽  
T. C. Loh ◽  
A. Q. Sazili ◽  
A. A. Samsudin
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Organic Selenium ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Immunity Response

Abstract Background Several studies indicated that dietary organic selenium (Se) usually absorbed better than an inorganic source, with high retention and bioavailability. Dietary Se as an antioxidant element affects the immune system and hematological status in animals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of bacterial selenium as an organic source on hematology, immunity response, selenium retention, and gut morphology in broiler chickens. Results The present results revealed that supplementation of inorganic Se was associated with the lowest level of RBC, HB, and PCV with significant difference than ADS18-Se. In the starter stage, both T2 and T5 were associated with the significantly highest IgG level compared to the basal diet, while all supplemented groups showed higher IgM levels compared to the control group. In the finisher phase, all Se supplemented groups showed significant (P ˂ 0.05) increases in IgG, IgA, and IgM levels compared to T1. Birds fed bacterial-Se showed high intestinal villus height and better Se retention more than sodium selenite. The organic selenium of ADS18 had a superior action in improving Se retention compared to ADS1 and ADS2 bacterial Se. Conclusions Bacterial organic Se had a beneficial effect on the villus height of small intestine led to high Se absorption and retention. Thus, it caused a better effect of Se on hematological parameters and immunity response.

scholarly journals Acute and 28-days subacute toxicity studies of Gαq-RGS2 signaling inhibitor

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayesh V. Beladiya ◽  
Anita A. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Dose ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Single Oral Dose ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Synthetic Compound ◽  
Single Oral Administration

Abstract Background The aim of study was to evaluate the single oral dose and 28 day repeated oral administration toxicity profile of the synthetic compound Gαq-RGS2 signaling inhibitor, (1-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1 H-1,2,4-triazol-5(4 H)-one) as per OECD guideline 425 (2008a) and 407 (2008b), respectively. Results In acute toxicity study, a single oral dose administration of Gαq-RGS2 signaling inhibitor did not show any mortality at doses of 5, 50, 300 and 2000 mg/kg within 24 h and 14 days. The treatment of Gαq-RGS2 signaling inhibitor at dose 10 and 100 mg/kg for 28 days did not show any mortality, significant changes in the increase of body weight, various organ damage markers, hematological parameters, relative organ/body weight ratio and microscopic anatomical texture of essential organs as compared to vehicle and normal control. Conclusions A single oral administration of Gαq-RGS2 signaling inhibitor up to dose of 2000 mg/kg in mice and repeated administration of Gαq-RGS2 signaling inhibitor at higher dose 100 mg/kg for 28 days in the rats is safe.

scholarly journals Influence of Bacterial Organic Selenium on Blood Parameters, Immune Response, Selenium Retention and Intestinal Morphology of Broiler Chickens

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Dalia ◽  
T. C. Loh ◽  
A. Q. Sazili ◽  
Anjas Asmara Samsudin
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Organic Selenium ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Immunity Response

Abstract Background Several studies indicated that dietary organic Se usually absorbed better than inorganic Se with high retention and bioavailability. Dietary Se as an antioxidant element affects the immune system and hematological status in animals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of bacterial selenium as organic source on hematology, immunity response, selenium retention and gut morphology in broiler chickens.Results The present results revealed that supplementation of inorganic Se was associated with the lowest level of RBC, HB, and PCV with significant difference than ADS18-Se. In the starter stage, both T2 and T5 were associated with the significantly highest IgG level compared to the basal diet, while all supplemented groups showed higher IgM level compared to control group. In the finisher phase, all Se supplemented groups showed significant (P ˂ 0.05) increases in IgG, IgA and IgM levels compared to T1. Birds fed bacterial-Se showed high intestinal villus height and better Se retention more than sodium selenite. Selenium of ADS18 had a superior action in improving Se retention compared to ADS1 and ADS2 bacterial Se.Conclusion Bacterial organic Se had a beneficial effect on villus height of small intestine led to high Se absorption and retention. Thus, caused better effect of Se on hematological parameters and immunity response.

scholarly journals Influence of Bacterial Organic Selenium on Blood Parameters, Immune Response, Selenium Retention and Intestinal Morphology of Broiler Chickens

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Dalia ◽  
T. C. Loh ◽  
A. Q. Sazili ◽  
Anjas Asmara Samsudin
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Organic Selenium ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Immunity Response

Abstract Background: Several studies indicated that dietary organic selenium (Se) usually absorbed better than an inorganic source, with high retention and bioavailability. Dietary Se as an antioxidant element affects the immune system and hematological status in animals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of bacterial selenium as an organic source on hematology, immunity response, selenium retention, and gut morphology in broiler chickens. Results: The present results revealed that supplementation of inorganic Se was associated with the lowest level of RBC, HB, and PCV with significant difference than ADS18-Se. In the starter stage, both T2 and T5 were associated with the significantly highest IgG level compared to the basal diet, while all supplemented groups showed higher IgM levels compared to the control group. In the finisher phase, all Se supplemented groups showed significant (P ˂ 0.05) increases in IgG, IgA, and IgM levels compared to T1. Birds fed bacterial-Se showed high intestinal villus height and better Se retention more than sodium selenite. The organic selenium of ADS18 had a superior action in improving Se retention compared to ADS1 and ADS2 bacterial Se. Conclusion: Bacterial organic Se had a beneficial effect on the villus height of small intestine led to high Se absorption and retention. Thus, it caused a better effect of Se on hematological parameters and immunity response.

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