scholarly journals Selective Hematological, Biochemical and Pathological Alterations of Newcastle Virus in Naturally Infected and Vaccinated Broilers in Damietta Governorate of Egypt

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Shefaa A. M. EL-MANDRAWY ◽  
Shimaa A. A. ISMAIL
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Hypochromic Anemia ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
G Ratio

Newcastle disease (ND) remains one of the most harmful poultry diseases that threaten the poultry industry producers all over the world, thus the present work was planned to investigate the hematological, biochemical, and pathological changes in vaccinated and non-vaccinated broiler chickens naturally infected with ND. The study was conducted on 45 broiler chickens, 35-days-old, from a private farm in Damietta governorate and used in this work, 15 chickens were clinically healthy (Group I), 30 chickens with ND symptoms divided into 15 non-vaccinated (Group II) and the other 15 chickens (Group III) were vaccinated with La Sota strain of NDV with a titre of 106.5 EID50. The disease was diagnosed by hem agglutination test as ND. Blood and tissue samples were collected for clinical-pathological and histopathological examination. The infected broiler chickens showed cyanosis, nasal discharge, edema of eyelid and white pasty diarrhea with nervous manifestations. Furthermore, microcytic hypochromic anemia with leukocytosis was observed. Biochemical studies revealed a significant decrease in serum total proteins, albumin and A/G ratio, with significant increases in serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, and uric acid and glucose concentration in addition to several histological alterations were significantly seen in brain, intestine, liver and kidney of the infected birds. All these disturbances were less severe in the vaccinated group than the non-vaccinated one. In conclusion, La Sota vaccine can increase the bird resistant against Newcastle disease virus induced blood disorders and hepatic-renal insufficiency in broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Protective and curative effects of Beta vulgaris on dimethyl 2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate-exposed albino rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Eucharia O. Nwaichi ◽  
Eka B. Essien ◽  
Uzoamaka Chinonso Ibe
Keyword(s):  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Biochemical Assays ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Background: This study evaluated the effect of Beta vulgaris (beetroot) smoothie on some biochemical parameters on dimethyl 2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate (DDVP, known as dichlorvos)-exposed albino Wistar rats. Methods: A total of 30 rats of both sexes were grouped into five groups of six animals each. Group I served as the negative control and were not exposed to dichlorvos. Group II served as the positive control and were exposed to dichlorvos but received no smoothie. Group III received 500 mg/kg body weight beetroot smoothie and was not exposed to dichlorvos. Groups IV and V were exposed to dichlorvos but received beetroot before and after exposure, respectively. At the end of the 6-week experiment, the animals were euthanized, the blood samples collected for some biochemical assays while the organs (kidney and liver) were harvested and subjected to histopathological examination. Results: From the biochemical assay, it was observed that the beetroot smoothies regulated and significantly reduced the elevated levels of AST, ALT, urea and creatinine observed in the animals that were exposed to dichlorvos. Additionally, the beetroot was able to regenerate the liver and kidney organs that were damaged on exposure to dichlorvos. Conclusion: This study concluded that beetroot smoothie possesses hepato-protective, hepato-curative as well as nephro-curative properties.

scholarly journals Protective and curative effects of Beta vulgaris on pesticide dimethyl 2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate-exposed albino rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Eucharia O. Nwaichi ◽  
Eka B. Essien ◽  
Uzoamaka Chinonso Ibe
Keyword(s):  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Biochemical Assays ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Background: This study evaluated the effect of Beta vulgaris (beetroot) smoothie on some biochemical parameters on dimethyl 2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate (DDVP, known as dichlorvos)-exposed albino Wistar rats. Methods: A total of 30 rats of both sexes were grouped into five groups of six animals each. Group I served as the negative control and were not exposed to dichlorvos. Group II served as the positive control and were exposed to dichlorvos but received no smoothie. Group III received 500 mg/kg body weight beetroot smoothie and was not exposed to dichlorvos. Groups IV and V were exposed to dichlorvos but received beetroot before and after exposure, respectively. At the end of the 6-week experiment, the animals were euthanized, the blood samples collected for some biochemical assays while the organs (kidney and liver) were harvested and subjected to histopathological examination. Results: From the biochemical assay, it was observed that the beetroot smoothies regulated and significantly reduced the elevated levels of AST, ALT, urea and creatinine observed in the animals that were exposed to dichlorvos. Additionally, the beetroot was able to regenerate the liver and kidney organs that were damaged on exposure to dichlorvos. Conclusion: This study concluded that beetroot smoothie possesses hepato-protective, hepato-curative as well as nephro-curative properties.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Serum Profile in Bitches Treated for Transmissible Venereal Tumor by Autohaemotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
C. K. Lakde A. D. Patil ◽  
S. K. Sahatpure A. P. Gawande
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Vaginal Examination ◽  
Kidney Function Tests ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group I ◽  
Vincristine Sulphate ◽  
Vaginal Cytology ◽  
Liver And Kidney

A total of 18 bitches in the period in the period of six month diagnosed for transmissible venereal tumor in Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Nagpur by per vaginal examination and vaginal cytology. These bitches were divided randomly into three groups, viz., Group I (Inj. Vincristine @ 0.025mg/kg slow IV in DNS and Injection Botropase 1ml IM for 1st week), Group II (Inj. Vincristine @ 0.025mg/kg slow IV in DNS and Tab. Amoxycillin and Potassium Clavinate for first 7 days orally) and Group III (treated with autohaemotherapy@10 ml whole blood IM) for once in week and continue for 5 week. At the time of treatment, liver and kidney function tests were performed. During the course of treatment significant variation was noted in Group I and II in BUN values while creatinine values changes significantly in all treatment groups. In case of SGPT only significant changes observed in Group I. Rest of the changes in serum prolife found to be non significant. Also from recovery point of view we noted that, it was faster in Group I and II compare than Group III. Side effects observed only in Group I and II. From the study we concluded that autohaemotherapy will be an alternate option for treatment of TVT in bitches who shows the excessive side effects of Vincristine Sulphate.

scholarly journals Ethanolic extract of Mucuna pruriens leaves ameliorates carbon tetrachloride and rifampicin-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in wistar albino rat

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Temidayo Ogunmoyole ◽  
Ayomide Micheal Ola-Awe ◽  
Omotola Grace Fatile
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Group I ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Abstract Background Mucuna pruriens (L.) has been used for the treatment of several ailments in folkloric medicine. The present study therefore investigates the hepatoprotective and nephroprotective potentials of its leaves extract with a view to providing a potent alternative in the management of liver and kidney diseases. Methodology Forty male albino rats were randomly placed into eight groups comprising five animals each. Animals in group I were administered with the distilled water, while groups II and VI were exposed to CCl4 and rifampicin respectively. Animals in groups III and IV were initially exposed CCl4 and treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg bw M. pruriens respectively. Similarly, groups VII and VIII animals were exposed to rifampicin and treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg bw M. pruriens respectively. Animals in group V were treated with 100 mg/kg bw silymarin by oral gavage after an initial exposure to CCl4. Selected biomarkers of liver and kidney damage were determined in the serum and organs homogenate. Liver and kidney slices of experimental animals were also stained for histopathological examination. Results Exposure to CCl4 and rifampicin respectively resulted in marked distortion in lipid profile, inhibition of antioxidant enzymes and a surge in ALT, AST, ALP, urea, uric acid, bilirubin and creatine kinase. Treatment with M. pruriens extract reversed all deranged biochemical and histopathological parameters in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Extract of M. pruriens leaves restored deranged biochemical and histopathological parameters in the liver and kidney with similar potency to silymarin. Hence, leaf extract of M. pruriens is a potential hepatoprotective and nephroprotective agent that can be exploited in the management of liver and kidney diseases.

Expression of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in meningiomas associated with different degrees of brain invasiveness and edema

2001 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 839-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Christin Sandberg Nordqvist ◽  
Hubert Smurawa ◽  
Tiit Mathiesen
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brain Invasion ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Tumor Invasiveness ◽  
Group I ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Meningiomas display clinical characteristics that vary from very benign to clearly malignant with rapid invasive growth and metastasis. Benign meningiomas differ in their invasiveness and concomitant edema. This study was undertaken to analyze the expression of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9, respectively) in meningiomas associated with different degrees of brain invasion and edema. Methods. Tissue samples from 16 meningiomas were selected according to tumor invasiveness from a consecutive series of patients. Samples were analyzed for expression of both MMP-2 and MMP-9 by using in situ hybridization. The meningiomas consisted of three types: Group I, benign meningiomas that did not interfere with the arachnoid plane and exhibited no edema; Group II, benign meningiomas that invaded the arachnoid plane and caused edema; and Group III, aggressive and malignant meningiomas that caused edema and displayed brain invasion. In all 16 tumors analyzed, MMP-2 mRNA was identified. Levels of expression of MMP-2 mRNA were similar in all samples, and no correlation with increasing tumor invasiveness or associated edema could be detected. Expression of MMP-9 mRNA was identified in 14 of the 16 tumors, and a clear correlation with increasing tumor invasion into the brain was noted. Conclusions. Meningiomas express both MMP-2 and MMP-9. Tumor invasiveness, which ranged from minor with respect to the arachnoid membrane and progressed to frank brain invasion, correlated with the extent of MMP-9 expression. The findings indicate that MMP-9 expression and brain invasion are relevant mechanisms that must be interfered with in the treatment of aggressive and malignant meningiomas. No such correlation with MMP-2 was found.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester on Fluoxetine-Induced Hepatotoxicity: An Experimental Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Yılmaz ◽  
Bilal Elbey ◽  
Ümit Can Yazgan ◽  
Ahmet Dönder ◽  
Necmi Arslan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Liver Tissues

Background. The aim of the study was to analyse the effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on fluoxetine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.Materials and Methods. Group I served as control. Group II received CAPE intraperitoneally. Group III received fluoxetine per orally. Group IV received fluoxetine and CAPE. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and liver enzymes including paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase levels were measured. Liver tissues were processed histopathologically for evaluation of liver injury and to validate the serum enzyme levels.Results. An increase in TOS and OSI and a decrease in TAC and PON-1 levels in serum and liver tissues of Group III were observed compared to Groups I and II. After treatment with CAPE, the level of TOS and OSI decreased while TAC and PON-1 increased in serum and liver in Group IV. Histopathological examination of the liver revealed hepatic injury after fluoxetine treatment and reduction of injury with CAPE treatment.Conclusion. Our results suggested that CAPE treatment provided protection against fluoxetine toxicity. Following CAPE treatment with fluoxetine-induced hepatotoxicity, TOS and OSI levels decreased, whereas PON-1 and TAC increased in the serum and liver.

scholarly journals Thymoquinone Lowers Blood Glucose and Reduces Oxidative Stress in a Rat Model of Diabetes

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2348
Author(s):  
Mohamed Faisal Lutfi ◽  
Abdel-Moneim Hafez Abdel-Moneim ◽  
Ashwag Saleh Alsharidah ◽  
Mugahid A. Mobark ◽  
Ahmed A. H. Abdellatif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Lipid Peroxidase

The aim of the present study was to assess the short-term effects of Thymoquinone (TQ) on oxidative stress, glycaemic control, and renal functions in diabetic rats. DM was induced in groups II and III with a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ), while group I received no medication (control). The rats in groups I and II were then given distilled water, while the rats in group III were given TQ at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight/day for 4 weeks. Lipid peroxidase, nitric oxide (NO), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profiles, and renal function were assessed. Moreover, the renal tissues were used for histopathological examination. STZ increased the levels of HbA1c, lipid peroxidase, NO, and creatinine in STZ-induced diabetic rats in comparison to control rats. TAC was lower in STZ-induced diabetic rats than in the control group. Furthermore, rats treated with TQ exhibited significantly lower levels of HbA1c, lipid peroxidase, and NO than did untreated diabetic rats. TAC was higher in diabetic rats treated with TQ than in untreated diabetic rats. The histopathological results showed that treatment with TQ greatly attenuated the effect of STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy. TQ effectively adjusts glycaemic control and reduces oxidative stress in STZ-induced diabetic rats without significant damaging effects on the renal function.

Antioxidant potential of bulk and nanoparticles of naringenin against cadmium-induced oxidative stress in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 392-402
Author(s):  
Nouf Abdallah Mreat Al-Ghamdi ◽  
Promy Virk ◽  
Awatif Hendi ◽  
Manal Awad ◽  
Mai Elobeid
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Hepatic Metallothionein

Abstract The study assessed the attenuating effect of citrus flavonone, naringenin, and its nanoformulation against cadmium (Cd) toxicity in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Nanoparticles of naringenin (NNn) were synthesized; size 165.1 nm (PDI 0.396) in variable shapes; cluster widespread, spherical accumulated, and tubular bacillary. Parallel, mature male Nile tilapia (n = 120 fish) were used for the exposure study. Group I was negative control. The groups II, III, and IV were exposed to 5 ppm of cadmium chloride monohydrate (CdCl2·H2O) for 21 days. Group III was treated with bulk naringenin (BNn) (3 ppm) and group IV was treated with NNn (3 ppm). Group V was exposed only to NNn (3 ppm). Cd-induced oxidative stress was evident from a significant increase in the hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and modulation of antioxidant enzymes in the liver and kidney. A significant increase in the hepatic metallothionein and HSP70 levels in the gills was observed. Treatment with both BNn and NNn significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reversed the Cd-induced alterations. However, the protective effect of nano naringenin was more profound on the bioaccumulation of Cd in liver and levels of HSP70 in the gills. These key findings could add to the commercial exploitation of naringenin and its nanosized form as a dietary therapeutic molecule.

scholarly journals Safety profile of clarithromycin in broilers after repeated oral administration

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Hanady Awadallah ◽  
Shaban Awidat ◽  
Emad Bennour ◽  
Giuma Elhafi ◽  
Abubakr El-Mahmoudy
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Parallel Study ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Lipid Parameters

The effects of repeated oral administration of clarithromycin (7.5 mg/Kg B.W., daily for 5 consecutive days) on blood parameters, clinico-chemical parameters and vital organ histology were evaluated in Ross broiler chickens. Twelve clinically healthy birds have been used in a parallel study design, where they have been randomly divided into two groups. The 1st group received a dose of 7.5 mg clarithromycin/Kg as intracrop bolus daily for 5 consecutive days after 6 h fasting; while the 2nd group received iso-saline and was kept as control. Blood samples were collected from all birds via the wing and metatarsal vein punctures on the 5th day for clinico-chemical and haematological examinations; and liver, kidneys and heart were dissected out for histopathological examination. Results revealed that repeated administration of clarithromycin caused significant increases in ALP, AST, ALT, CK, urea and creatinine levels, compared to those of control. Metabolic parameters exhibited significant decrease in albumin with consequent decrease in total protein and decreased albumin/globulin ratio. Lipid parameters remained unchanged, compared to control. Leuckogram revealed that total leuckocytic count was decreased as a result of the decreased number of lymphocytes and mid-sized cells. On the other hand, granulocytes number exhibited significant increase (granulocytosis) together with increased number of platelets (thrombocytosis); while erythrogram remained insignifi-cantly affected. Liver and kidney showed inflammatory cellular infiltrations associated with degenerative changes and haemorrhages. Although heart did not show inflammatory cellular infiltrations, yet breakage in some bundles was noted. These data indicate that although clarithromycin did not cause any clinical serious manifestations on the treated birds, yet laboratory analysis revealed some adverse effects on some organs as liver, kidney and heart as well as alterations in some clinic-chemical and hematological parameters; these findings should be taken in consideration during therapy with clarithromycin.

scholarly journals Ethanolic extract of Mucuna pruriens ameliorates carbon tetrachloride and rifampicin-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in wistar albino rat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temidayo Ogunmoyole ◽  
Ola-Awe Ayomide Micheal ◽  
Fatile Omotola Grace
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Group I ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Abstract The present study investigates the hepatoprotective and nephroprotective potentials of Mucuna pruriens leaf extract with a view to providing a potent alternative in the management of liver and kidney diseases. Forty male albino rats were randomly placed into eight groups comprising five animals each. Animals in group I were administered with the distilled water, while groups II and VI were exposed to CCl4 and rifampicin respectively. Animals in groups III and IV were initially exposed CCl4 and treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg bw M. pruriens respectively. Similarly, groups VII and VIII animals were exposed to rifampicin and treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg bw M. pruriens respectively. Animals in group V were treated with 100 mg/kg bw silymarin by oral gavage after an initial exposure to CCl4. Selected biomarkers of liver and kidney damage were determined in the serum and organs homogenate. Liver and kidney slices of experimental animals were also stained for histopathological examination. Exposure to CCl4 and rifampicin respectively resulted in marked distortion in lipid profile, inhibition of antioxidant enzymes and a surge in ALT, AST, ALP, urea, uric acid, bilirubin and creatine kinase. Treatment with M. pruriens extract reversed all deranged biochemical and histopathological parameters in a dose-dependent manner. Restoration of both biochemical and histopathological alterations established the fact that M. pruriens is a potent hepatoprotective and nephroprotective plant, thereby giving credence to the potential usefulness of its leaf extract in the management of liver and kidney diseases.

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