scholarly journals Removal of Methylene Blue by Red Macro Alga Euchema Spinosum Sp.: Pretreatment and Desorption Assessment

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.35) ◽  
pp. 578
Author(s):  
Nadiah Mokhtar ◽  
Edriyana A.Aziz ◽  
Azmi Aris ◽  
W.F. W.Ishak ◽  
Hasmanie Abdul Halim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Dye Removal ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Uptake Capacity ◽  
Biosorption Process ◽  
Chemical Pretreatments ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Regeneration Study

Red algae species, Euchema Spinosum (ES) in Malaysia possesses excellent biosorbent properties in removing dyes from aqueous solutions. Studies had been made on the effect of pretreatment and reusability of this species as a biosorbent for economic viability. In the present study, physical and chemical pretreatments processes were employed on the ES. Desorption using seven different eluents (hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), phosphoric acid (H3PO4), potassium hydroxide (KOH), sodium chloride (NaCl), nitric acid (HNO3 and deionized water).  Caharacterization of ES biosorbent was conducted using FTIR to investigate the active functional group responsible in the biosorption process. It was observed that the pretreatment process does not enhance the uptake capacity of ES.  Among of the six eluents used, it is suggested HNO3 as an effective eluent with 51% desorption efficiency.   Through regeneration study, HNO3 as eluent can promote four times of biosorption-desorption cycles. FTIR confirm the functional groups such as –OH, –NH and –COO- are responsible for the MB dye biosorption. The experiment displays that the ES does not require any pretreatment procedure to improve biosorption efficiency and has the capability of regeneration hence suggesting that ES is indeed an economical biosorptive material for MB dye removal.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of the Physicochemical Properties of Hydrated C60 Fullerene Solutions in a Wide Range of Dilutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Yablonskaya ◽  
E. Buravleva ◽  
K. Novikov ◽  
V. Voeikov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Aqueous Systems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Dilutions ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Control Water ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Hydrated fullerene C60 (HyFn) is a supramolecular object in which the nanosized fullerene molecule is enclosed in a multilayer shell of water molecules. Despite the fact that fullerene C60 is chemically rather inert, aqueous solutions of HyFn exhibit a wide spectrum of biological activity in particular in low and ultra-low concentrations. Thus, physical and chemical properties of aqueous solutions of HyFn in a wide range of its dilutions are of interest. Here we compared some physical and chemical properties of aqueous systems prepared by successive 100-fold dilutions of HyFn (10–7 M) with deionized water, with their intensive shaking at each stage up to the calculated HyFn concentration of 10–31 M and of the corresponding “dilutions” of deionized water prepared in the same manner (controls). We studied the character of рН changes in dilutions when titrating them with HCl and NaOH. It turned out that HyFn dilutions had significantly higher buffering capacity against acidification with HCl than control water “dilutions.” At the highest acidity reached pH in all HyFn dilutions was almost 0.3 units higher than in the respective controls. Average buffering capacity of HyFn dilutions and water controls when titrated with NaOH did not differ. However, differences in buffering capacity could be seen between consecutive dilutions of HyFn at their titration either with NaOH or with HCl. Most prominent differences were observed between consecutive HyFn dilutions in the range of calculated concentrations 10–17–10–31 M titrated with NaOH while no significant differences in pH between equivalent “dilutions” of control water were observed. Similar though less prominent variations in buffering capacity between consecutive HyFn dilutions titrated with HCl were also noticed. Thus, titration with an acid and especially with an alkali made it possible to reveal differences between individual dilutions of HyFn, as well as differences between HyFn dilutions and corresponding dilutions of water. These features may be due to complexity in the structural properties of aqueous systems, which, supposedly, can arise due to the emergence of heterogenous aqueous regions (“clouds”) in the course of their dilutions with intensive mixing at each stage. In order to find out if such heterogeneity is a characteristic for HyFn dilutions we used the method of drying microsphere-containing droplets, whose aqueous base were either HyFn dilutions in the range of calculated HyFn concentration 10–7–10–31 M or respective water controls. It was found that a significant part of HyFn dilutions is characterized by mesoscopic heterogeneity. It showed up by the tendency of microspheres to concentrate in a specific way resembling ornaments once the droplets had dried. As the degree of HyFn dilution increased, the number of dried droplets with an ornament-like microsphere distribution increased. Same was also observed in water control drops. However, for the dilutions of HyFn equivalent to concentrations 10–19–10–31 M the percentage of complexly structured dried up droplets reached 60–80%, while for dried out drops of respective water controls it did not exceed 15–20%. Thus, the physicochemical properties of high dilutions of hydrated fullerene differ not only from each other dependently on the dilution level, but also from those of high dilutions of water, which can be explained by the structuredness and heterogeneity of these aqueous systems. Therefore, upon dilution process the properties of the solutions change according to complex and non-linear laws so that final dilutions cannot be identical in their properties and features to those of the initial solutions (before dilutions process) and to the untreated water. Dilution process, in view of the aforementioned, should not be underestimated when analyzing properties of the solutions, having shown to be able to affect dramatically properties of the solutions.

scholarly journals BIOSORPTION OF METAL IONS Pb(II), Cu(II), AND Cd(II) ON Sargassum duplicatum IMMOBILIZED SILICA GEL MATRIX

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buhani Buhani ◽  
Suharso Suharso ◽  
Zipora Sembiring
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Batch Method ◽  
Algae Biomass ◽  
Adsorbent Surface ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Matrix Series

Sargassum duplicatum algae biomass is biological material which has a potency to be used as a biosorbent adsorb metal ions from industrial liquid waste, because it has effective functional group as a ligand. However, the ability of the algae biomass in adsorbing of heavy metal ions has some problem such as; tiny size, low density, and easy to be degradated by other microorganism. In addition, algae biomass can not be used directly in adsorption column for its application as the biosorbent. In order to improve physical and chemical prpperties of algae biomass, it needs to be immobilized on silica gel matrix. Series of experiment have been done, morphology analysis of adsorbent surface was performed by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and adsorption process to examine the effectiveness of algae biomass immobilized in adsorbing Pb(II), Cu(II), and Cd(II) was performed using batch method at 27 °C. Concentration of metal was determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) and identification of functional group was conducted using Spectrophotometer Infrared (IR). Data obtained showed that interacting among metal ions with algae biomass is optimum at a range of 60 minutes. Adsorption energies of metal ions resulted from the interaction of metal ions with the functional group of -C=O group from carboxyl and amide on algae biomass and -Si-OH group from silica were at a range of 21.09-25.05 kJ/mole.   Keywords: biosorption, silica gel, Sargassum duplicatum, immobilization

Effectiveness of Physical and Chemical Pretreatments in Enhancing Cotton Gin Trash In Vitro Ruminant Digestibility

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel J. Ray ◽  
Lester O. Pordesimo ◽  
Michael J. Buschermohle ◽  
John C. Waller ◽  
John B. Wilkerson
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Pretreatments ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Cotton Gin

Sorption Kinetics and Equilibrium Analysis for the Removal of Reactive Red 2 and Reactive Blue 81 Dyes from Synthetic Effluents Using Dried Soya Bean Meal

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renganathan Sahadevan ◽  
Dharmendira Kumar Mahendradas ◽  
Venkataramana Shanmugasundaram ◽  
Kirubanandhan Shanmugam ◽  
Manickam Velan
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Uptake Capacity ◽  
Biosorption Process ◽  
Freundlich Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Reactive Red 2

Biosorption of Reactive Red 2 and Reactive Blue 81 dye from an aqueous solution using soya bean meal in a batch system was evaluated. The potential of the meal to act as an adsorbent was determined using Scanning Electron Micrograph and Fourier Transform Infrared Analysis. The effect of sorbent dosage (0.2 to 1.2 g/100 mL), pH (1 to 7) and initial dye concentration (20 to 120 mg/L) on the biosorption process was studied. The equilibrium dye uptake capacity was found to be more at 0.2 g/100 mL of sorbent dosage when compared to all other sorbent dosage studied in the present investigation with the initial dye concentration of 30 mg/L and pH value of 6. The equilibrium dye uptake capacity was found to be more at pH value of 2.0 when compared to all other pH levels studied in the present investigation with the sorbent dosage of 2.0 g/L at 30 mg/L initial dye concentration. The equilibrium uptake value was found to be higher for Reactive Red 2 when compared with Reactive Blue 81 dye. The rate of sorption was investigated using pseudo first and pseudo second order rate equations. The pseudo second order rate expression fit the experimental data well. The equilibrium data was analysed using Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm model. The equilibrium data for both dyes followed the Freundlich adsorption isotherm at 30°C. Intra particle diffusion model was used to determine the mechanism of the biosorption process. In this present investigation, the maximum uptake capacity of Reactive Red 2 dye was observed as 49.04 mg/g using Soya Bean Meal at 120 mg/L initial dye concentration. The adsorption capacity of Soya Bean Meal was found to be comparable with other low cost adsorbents.

scholarly journals Effect of Carboxylic Functional Group Functionalized on Carbon Nanotubes Surface on the Removal of Lead from Water

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muataz Ali Atieh ◽  
Omer Yehya Bakather ◽  
Bassam Al-Tawbini ◽  
Alaadin A. Bukhari ◽  
Faraj Ahmad Abuilaiwi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Multiwall Carbon ◽  
Carboxylic Functional Group

The adsorption mechanism of the removal of lead from water by using carboxylic functional group (COOH) functionalized on the surface of carbon nanotubes was investigated. Four independent variables including pH, CNTs dosage, contact time, and agitation speed were carried out to determine the influence of these parameters on the adsorption capacity of the lead from water. The morphology of the synthesized multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was characterized by using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in order to measure the diameter and the length of the CNTs. The diameters of the carbon nanotubes were varied from 20 to 40 nm with average diameter at 24 nm and 10 micrometer in length. Results of the study showed that 100% of lead was removed by using COOH-MCNTs at pH 7, 150 rpm, and 2 hours. These high removal efficiencies were likely attributed to the strong affinity of lead to the physical and chemical properties of the CNTs. The adsorption isotherms plots were well fitted with experimental data.

Environmental dissimilarity over time in a large subtropical shallow lake is differently represented by phytoplankton functional approaches

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana E. Bohnenberger ◽  
Lúcia R. Rodrigues ◽  
David da Motta-Marques ◽  
Luciane O. Crossetti
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Lake ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Coastal Lake ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Physical And Chemical Variables ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The aim of the present study was to understand how different phytoplankton functional approaches responded to environmental variability in a large shallow lake, namely Lake Mangueira, in southern Brazil. This coastal lake has a maximum depth of 7m and is ~90km long and ~3–10km wide. Physical and chemical variables, maximum linear dimension, life forms, functional and morphofunctional groups of phytoplankton were analysed. The results showed that the phytoplankton were primarily comprised Cyanobacteria (63.9%), followed by middle-sized algae (21–50μm; 46.7%) and colonial non-flagellated taxa (63%). The highest percentage of total biomass was accounted for by the functional group ‘K’ (as classified by Reynolds et al. 2002; 36.3%), large mucilaginous colonies (46.79%) according to morphologically based functional classification and other large colonies (mostly non-vacuolated; 36.7%) according to morphofunctional classification. Dissimilarity analysis indicated a significant correlation between abiotic data and functional approaches (P=0.001). The dissimilarity in the functional compositions of phytoplankton was related to nutrient and light conditions, especially to silicon content and water transparency, in all functional approaches. The highest correlation with abiotic variables was seen for morphologically based functional group community structure, although the functional group composition of phytoplankton sensu Reynolds et al. seemed to be the most effective system in describing environmental variability in Lake Mangueira over the long term.

scholarly journals Removal of triphenylmethane dye from aqueous solutions through an adsorption process over waste materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 5772-5779
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Dye Removal ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Best Fit

Water pollution is the most significant issue due to rapid growing industrial development especially textile dye industry. Therefore, the adsorption process experiment was conducted to determine the removal ability of the adsorbent chosen. The removal rate and adsorption capacity of Phenol red and Cresol were analyzed by using eggshell adsorbent in the adsorption process. The experiment was conducted with parameters of initial concentration, dosage, pH and contact time. Results indicated that the removal rate achieved more than 90% and the adsorption capacity exceeded more than 5 mg/g. The functional group before adsorption process eggshell adsorbent and after adsorption process eggshell adsorbent was analyzed by using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy). The study of adsorption isotherm and kinetics model was carried out to identify the efficiency of the eggshell adsorbent reacting with the dye solution. The adsorption isotherm that applied in this research was Langmuir isotherm, Jovanovic isotherm and Freundlich isotherm. Moreover, Pseudo-first-order and Pseudo-second-order chosen were conducted to determine the kinetic studies. In short, eggshell adsorbent is highly effective on dye removal through adsorption capacity. The functional group of the eggshell adsorbent was found such as alcohols, phenol, alkanes, carbonyls, ester, saturated aliphatic, aldehydes, aromatics, 2°amines and phosphorus. For kinetics study, Freundlich isotherm was analyzed as the best fit isotherm model as it achieved the highest R2 value which is closed to 1 and Pseudo-second-order was analyzed as the best fit kinetic model in this experiment. Therefore, eggshell adsorbent is highly effective in dye removal.

scholarly journals Biomass-Based Adsorbents for Removal of Dyes From Wastewater: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadele Assefa Aragaw ◽  
Fekadu Mazengiaw Bogale
Keyword(s):  
Dye Removal ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Multilayer Adsorption ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Biosorption Process ◽  
Electrochemical Technology ◽  
Basic Operating ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Best Fit

Dyes, especially azo dyes contained in wastewaters released from textile, pigment, and leather industries, are entering into natural waterbodies. This results in environmental deterioration and serious health damages (for example carcinogenicity and mutagenesis) through food chains. Physiochemical, membrane processes, electrochemical technology, advanced oxidation processes, reverse osmosis, ion exchange, electrodialysis, electrolysis, and adsorption techniques are commonly used conventional treatment technologies. However, the limitations of most of these methods include the generation of toxic sludge, high operational and maintenance costs. Thus, technological advancements are in use to remediate dyes from effluents. Adsorption using the nonconventional biomass-based sorbents is the greatest attractive alternatives because of their low cost, sustainability, availability, and eco-friendly. We present and reviewed up-to-date publications on biomass-based sorbents used for dye removal. Conceptualization and synthesizing their state-of-the-art knowledge on their characteristics, experimental conditions used were also discussed. The merits and limitations of various biosorbents were also reflected. The maximum dye adsorption capacities of various biosorbents were reviewed and synthesized in the order of the biomass type (algae, agricultural, fungal, bacterial, activated carbon, yeast, and others). Surface chemistry, pH, initial dye concentration, temperature, contact time, and adsorbent dose as well as the ways of the preparations of materials affect the biosorption process. Based on the average dye adsorption capacity, those sorbents were arranged and prioritized. The best fit of the adsorption isotherms (for example Freundlich and Langmuir models) and basic operating parameters on the removal dyes were retrieved. Which biomass-based adsorbents have greater potential for dye removal based on their uptake nature, cost-effectiveness, bulk availability, and mono to multilayer adsorption behavior was discussed. The basic limitations including the desorption cycles of biomass-based adsorbent preparation and operation for the implementation of this technology were forwarded.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document