scholarly journals PO-133 Effects of different concentrations of hydrogen on oxidative stress in rats with high intensity exercise

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Geng ◽  
Zhihui Li ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Chenggang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Exercise Induced

Objective Exercise-induced oxidative stress is due to the massive increase in free radicals caused by strenuous exercise, which exceeds the ability of self-clearing. It is one of the main causes of sports injury and sports fatigue. Eliminating excessive production of free radicals is the key to alleviating exercise induced oxidative damage. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to study the effect of hydrogen on exercise-induced oxidative damage, to explore its possible mechanism and to explore the best dose of hydrogen with different concentrations. Methods 40 male SD rats (200±20g) were randomly divided into five groups(n=8):sedentary, exercise control, low concentration hydrogen with exercise(H1), medium concentration hydrogen with exercise(H2), high concentration hydrogen with exercise(H3). The rats performed high-intensity exercise for 4 weeks, except the sedentary. rats that with Low, medium and high concentration hydrogen were placed in a hydrogen atmosphere with a concentration of 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% for 1 h immediately after each exercise (keeping the concentration of oxygen and nitrogen in the environment the same as those in the air). The rats were weighed weekly during the experiment. The next day after 4 weeks of training, the samples were collected, and the contents of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (T- AOC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined respectively. Results The weight of exercise control was significantly lower than sedentary in the third and fourth weeks of exercise (P<0.05). Compared to sedentary rats, there was no significant difference in the weight of rats between H1, H2 and H3 group. The contents of T-AOC, CAT and T-SOD in exercise control were significantly higher than those in sedentary (P<0.05). The content of CAT in H2 group was significantly decreased compared with exercise control (P<0.01). Compared with exercise control, the T-AOC and T-SOD in the H2 group showed a downward trend but no statistical difference (P>0.05), there was no significant difference between the above indexes, compared with sedentary. In addition, there was no difference in T-SOD and CAT content between H1 group and exercise control; Compared with exercise control, there was no significant difference in T-SOD, T-AOC and CAT in H3 group. At the MDA level, each exercise group increased significantly compared with the sedentary (P<0.05), and the MDA levels in the H1, H2, and H3 groups were decreased compared with the exercise control, but there was no statistical difference. Conclusions It can be seen from the above results that different concentrations of hydrogen intervention can improve the weight loss of rats after intensive exercise. More importantly, the dosage and effect of 1% concentration of hydrogen is easier to remove the excessive radicals produced by intense exercise in the body, avoid the aggravation of oxidative stress, and have very good therapeutic effect. It provides a theoretical basis for the further study of the application of hydrogen in exercise oxidative damage. 

Exercise, free radicals and oxidative stress

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Cooper ◽  
N. B. J. Vollaard ◽  
T. Choueiri ◽  
M. T. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Haem Proteins ◽  
Sporting Performance

This article reviews the role of free radicals in causing oxidative stress during exercise. High intensity exercise induces oxidative stress and although there is no evidence that this affects sporting performance in the short term, it may have longer term health consequences. The mechanisms of exercise-induced oxidative stress are not well understood. Mitochondria are sometimes considered to be the main source of free radicals, but in vitro studies suggest they may play a more minor role than was first thought. There is a growing acceptance of the importance of haem proteins in inducing oxidative stress. The release of metmyoglobin from damaged muscle is known to cause renal failure in exercise rhabdomyolysis. Furthermore, levels of methaemoglobin increase during high intensity exercise, while levels of antioxidants, such as reduced glutathione, decrease. We suggest that the free-radical-mediated damage caused by the interaction of metmyoglobin and methaemoglobin with peroxides may be an important source of oxidative stress during exercise.

scholarly journals Protection of Lotus Seedpod Proanthocyanidins on Organs and Tissues under High-intensity Excercise

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 296-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Mengyan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Health Products ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Lotus Seedpod

Lotus seedpod proanthocyanidins (LSPC) as a kind of polyphenols is widely used in medicines, cosmetics, health products. High-intensity exercise can cause damage to the body's organs and tissues. Different doses of LSPC is given to mice to check the function of protect effect to the body's organs and tissues under high-intensity exercise. The hemoglobin (HB) content, red blood cell (RBC) number and white blood cell (WBC) number were tested for mice after exercise. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the contents of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in muscle and viscera were evaluated. The result showed that LSPC can effectively reduce inflammation reaction in the body of mice with high intensity exercise, alleviate oxidative stress-induced injury of tissues and organs, and execute protective function on skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle. And the LSPC could enhance myocardial anti-oxygen and enzymatic activity which suggests the protective effects of resveratrol against exercise-induced myocardial damage in mice.

scholarly journals New Markers of Oxidative Damage to Macromolecules

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emina Čolak
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Protein Modification ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxide ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oxidative Modification ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Specific Marker

New Markers of Oxidative Damage to Macromolecules The presence of free radicals in biological material has been discovered some 50 years ago. In physiological conditions, free radicals, in the first place the ones of oxygen and nitrogen, are continuously synthesized and involved in the regulation of a series of physiological processes. The excess of free radicals is efficiently eliminated from the body in order to prevent their toxic effects. Toxic effects of free radicals may be classified into three groups: a) change of intracellular redox potential, b) oxidative modification of lipids, proteins and DNA, and c) gene activation. Lipid peroxidation involving cell membranes, lipoproteins and other molecules leads to the production of primary high-reactive intermediaries (alkyl radicals, conjugated dienes, peroxy- and alkoxyl radicals and lipid hydroperoxide), whose further breakdown generates the secondary products of lipid peroxidation: short-chain evaporable hydrocarbons, aldehydes and final products of lipid peroxidation: isoprostanes, MDA, 4-hydroxy-2, 3-transnonenal and 4,5-dihydroxydecenal which are important mediators of atherosclerosis, coronary disease, acute myocardial infarction, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis and lupus erythematodes. Oxidative modification of proteins is manifested by changes in their primary, secondary and tertiary structures. Proteins have a specific biological function, and therefore their modification results in unique functional consequences. The nature of protein modification may provide valid information on the type of oxidants causing the damage. Chlorotyrosyl is a specific marker of oxidative damage to tyrosine caused by HOCl action, which most commonly reflects the involvement of neutrophils and monocytes in oxidative stress, while nitrotyrosyl indicates the presence of higher peroxy-nitrite synthesis. Methyonin and cysteine are the amino acids most sensitive to oxidative stress, carbonyl groups are markers of severe damage caused by free radicals, and di-tyrosyl is the most significant and sensitive marker of oxidative modification made by γ rays. >Carbonyl stress< is an important form of the secondary oxidation of proteins, where reducing sugars non-enzymatically react with amino groups of proteins and lipids and give rise to the production of covalent compounds known as advanced glycosylated end products (AGE-products). A hydroxyl radical damages the DNA, leading to a loss of base and the formation of abasic sites (AP sites), break of DNA chain and sugar modification. Final lipid peroxidation products (MDA) may covalently bind to DNA, producing the >DNA radicals< which are responsible for mutations. Measurement of an adequate oxidative stress biomarker may not only point to an early onset of disease, its progression and assessment of therapy effectiveness, but can also help in the clarification of the pathophysiological mechanisms of tissue damage caused by oxidative stress, prediction of disease prognosis and choice of appropriate treatment in the early stages of disease.

Safety and outcomes of a structured exercise programme in young patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: the SAFE-HCM trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Basu ◽  
P Poveda Velazquez ◽  
G Parry-Williams ◽  
C Miles ◽  
F Tilby-Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Exercise Programme ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Educational Materials ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Exercise Induced

Abstract Background Contemporary studies in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) suggest that moderate intensity exercise can improve cardiorespiratory fitness without raising significant safety concerns. Although low/moderate intensity exercise may be appropriate for older HCM patients, it is unlikely to attract younger, often asymptomatic patients, who wish to engage in higher intensity regimes. Purpose To assess the feasibility, safety and outcomes of an individually tailored, high intensity exercise programme in young patients with HCM. Methods In this RCT, 80 patients with HCM, aged 16–60 (mean 45.7, [SD8.6]) underwent baseline testing with ECG, echocardiography, blood testing, exercise testing, 48-hour ECG and psychological assessment. Individuals were randomised to a 12-week supervised exercise programme (HRR increased from 70–85%) (n=40) or usual activity (n=40). Baseline investigations were repeated at 12 weeks. Feasibility was assessed by a) recruitment, adherence and retention rates; b) staffing ratios and logistics; c) acceptability of the intervention/educational materials. Safety was assessed as a composite of 1) cardiovascular death, 2) cardiac arrest, 3) device therapy, 4) exercise induced syncope, 5) sustained/non-sustained (NS) ventricular tachycardia (VT) or 6) sustained atrial arrhythmias. Secondary outcomes included health and psychological benefits. Results 67 individuals (82.5%) completed the study. Reasons for refusal included travel, work and family commitments. The majority (64.7%) of exercising individuals progressed to 85%HRR. Resource requirements were similar to other programmes. All individuals felt supported, more confident to exercise, and found educational materials clear and informative. There was no significant difference between groups for the composite safety outcome. One individual experienced exercise induced syncope due to ventricular standstill (exercise) and another sustained VT (control). Both required device implantation. There was no significant difference between groups in episodes of NSVT (p=0.573) or ectopic burden (p=0.729). At 12 weeks, exercise group participants demonstrated greater activity levels (+1.1 hours [CI 0.2–2.1], p=0.024). The change in peak aerobic capacity (+255.2ml/min [CI 93.2–417.1], p=0.003), time to anaerobic threshold (AT) (+115s [CI 54.2–176.0], p&lt;0.001), total exercise time (+108.1s [CI 33.1–183.0], p=0.005) and oxygen uptake at AT (+2.44ml/kg/min [CI 0.6–4.2], p=0.009) were all significantly greater in the exercise group. HADS anxiety (p&lt;0.001) and depression (p=0.017) scores demonstrated the greatest reduction in the exercise group. Conclusions A high intensity exercise programme is feasible in young patients with HCM, with considerable gains in cardiorespiratory fitness and psychological outcomes. Importantly, arrhythmia burden was not increased in the exercise group. Further research is still required to assess the long-term safety of high intensity exercise in the HCM population. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Other. Main funding source(s): Cardiac Risk in the Young

scholarly journals Dietary Cucumis melo reduces markers of muscle and articular inflammation following high-intensity exercise in horses

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L MacNicol ◽  
Michael Ivan Lindinger ◽  
Michael I Lindinger ◽  
Anna Kate Shoveller ◽  
John P Cant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Exercise Induced

We evaluated the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory potential of daily oral supplementation with a proprietary powdered Cucumis melo pulp (CMP) on exercise-induced markers of articular and muscular oxidative stress and inflammation in 12 horses. Horses performed a high-intensity exercise test immediately prior to, and then following, 3 weeks of daily supplementation of 1 g powdered CMP (CMP; n=8). Controls (Co; n=8) underwent the same exercise and sampling regime but were not supplemented. Blood and synovial fluid (SF) samples were taken 24 h prior to exercise (BL), and at 1 and 24 h following exercise. Plasma and SF were analysed for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), total antioxidant status (TAS), nitrite and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. SF was analysed for glycosaminoglycans (GAG), and plasma was analysed for thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Comparisons were made using repeated measures with the initial exercise test as a covariate. There was an increase in SF SOD activity in the CMP group. Compared to Co at 1 h, CMP reduced nitrite and GAG in SF, as well as maintained plasma TAS and lymphocyte levels. At 24 h, plasma PGE2 and creatine kinase were lower in horses receiving CMP. Three weeks of supplementation with CMP reduced markers of articular and skeletal muscle oxidative stress and inflammation in response to high-intensity exercise in horses. Nutritive antioxidants may provide a useful adjunct to the daily nutrition plan of horses undergoing regular exercise training and competition.

scholarly journals Effects of High Intensity Exercise on Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status in Untrained Humans: A Systematic Review

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1272
Author(s):  
Yining Lu ◽  
Huw D. Wiltshire ◽  
Julien S. Baker ◽  
Qiaojun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

Participation in exercise promotes health. High intensity exercise (HIE) has become increasingly popular among the general population, however, its effects on exercise-induced oxidative stress and antioxidant status in untrained humans is not clear. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the influence of HIE on oxidative stress and antioxidant status in untrained humans. Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Scopus were searched until March 2021. A methodological quality assessment valuation/estimation was additionally carried out in the final sample of studies. Following the PRISMA selection process, 21 studies were finally included. There was strong evidence that acute oxidative stress following the cessation of HIE exists when compared to resting states. The HIE-induced oxidative stress is transient and is most likely restored to normal levels within 24 h due to the stimulated endogenous antioxidant system whose response was lagging and lasting. Physically active humans had better antioxidant systems and suffered less oxidative stress after HIE. A physically active lifestyle was considered to enhance antioxidant capacity. For untrained humans, HIE with intensities above 70% VO2max are proposed for initial exercise levels based on the findings reported here.

Evaluation of Salivary Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress Markers in Male Smokers

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 496-501
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ahmadi-Motamayel ◽  
Parisa Falsafi ◽  
Hamidreza Abolsamadi ◽  
Mohammad T. Goodarzi ◽  
Jalal Poorolajal
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Background: Cigarette smoke free radicals can cause cellular damage and different diseases. All the body fluids have antioxidants which protect against free radicals. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate salivary total antioxidant capacity and peroxidase, uric acid and malondialdehyde levels in smokers and a nonsmoking control group. Methods: Unstimulated saliva was collected from 510 males. A total of 259 subjects were current smokers and 251 were non-smokers. The levels of salivary total antioxidant capacity, uric acid, peroxidase and malondialdehyde were measured using standard procedures. Data were analyzed with t test and ANOVA. Results: The smokers were younger and dental hygiene index was higher than healthy nonsmoking controls. The mean total antioxidant capacity in smokers and nonsmokers was 0.13±0.07 and 0.21±011, respectively (P=0.001). Smokers had significantly lower peroxidase and uric acid levels than healthy controls. In addition, the mean malondialdehyde levels in the smokers and nonsmokers were 4.55 ±2.61 and 2.79 ±2.21, respectively (P=0.001). Conclusion: Cigarette smoke produces free radical and oxidative stress, causing many side effects. Salivary antioxidant levels decreased and malondialdehyde levels increased in smokers, indicating the high oxidative stress among smokers compared to nonsmokers. Cigarette smoke had deleterious effects on main salivary antioxidants levels.

scholarly journals Hypoglycemic and antioxidative activities of ethanol seed extract of Hunteria umbellate (Hallier F.) on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olubanke O. Ogunlana ◽  
Babatunde O. Adetuyi ◽  
Miracle Rotimi ◽  
lohor Esalomi ◽  
Alaba Adeyemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Group 5

Abstract Background Diabetes, a global cause of mortality in developing countries is a chronic disorder affecting the metabolism of macromolecules and has been attributed to the defective production and action of insulin characterized by persistent hyperglycemic properties. This global disorder harms organs of the body such as the liver, kidney and spleen. Medicinal plants such as Hunteria umbellate have been shown to possess hypoglycemic, antioxidative and anti-diabetic properties owing to the high concentration of active phytochemical constituents like flavonoids and alkaloids. The present study seeks to evaluate the hypoglycemic activities of ethanolic seed extract of Hunteria umbellate on streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats. Methods Thirty (30) female experimental rats were randomly divided into five groups with six rats per group and were administered streptozotocin (STZ) and Hunteria umbellate as follows. Group 1 served as control and was given only distilled water, group 2 rats were administered 60 mg/kg STZ; Group 3 was administered 60 mg/kg STZ and 100 mg/kg metformin; group 4 rats were administered 60 mg/kg STZ and 800 mg/kg Hunteria umbellate, group 5 rats 60 mg/kg STZ and 400 mg/kg Hunteria umbellate. The fasting blood glucose level of each rat was measured before sacrifice. Rats were then sacrificed 24 h after the last dose of treatment. Results The results showed that Hunteria umbellate significantly reversed STZ-induced increase in fasting blood glucose and increase in body and organs weight of rats. Hunteria umbellate significantly reversed STZ-induced decrease in antioxidant enzyme in liver, kidney and spleen of rats. Hunteria umbellate significantly reversed STZ-induced increase in oxidative stress markers in liver, kidney and spleen of rats. Conclusion Collectively, our results provide convincing information that inhibition of oxidative stress and regulation of blood glucose level are major mechanisms through which Hunteria umbellate protects against streptozotocin-induced diabketes rats.

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