CROSS TABULATION ANALYSIS: DETERMINANTS OF MATHEMATIC SUCCESS AMONG CIVIL AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT STUDENTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justus N. Agumba
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Comprehensive University ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Cross Tabulation ◽  
Mathematics Success

The socio-economic and demographic factors have been indicated to predict mathematics success. However, there is paucity of research to verify if these factors correlate with mathematics success at university level in South Africa. Hence, this paper reports on the socio-economic and demographic factors that correlate with mathematics success for civil and built environment students at a comprehensive university in South Africa. The data was obtained through, questionnaire survey from 197 students who were purposive sampled. The data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. The study found that the correlation between the dependant variable and the independent variables that did not violet the assumption of each cell having more than five counts were insignificant. The cross tabulation results on frequencies should be interpreted with caution. The result indicates arithmetic difference in most of the independent variables. Male students performed better than female students in mathematics. However, the differences between the groups are not statistically significant as indicated with the Chi-square test.

Evaluation of Quality of Root Canal Obturation, Coronal Restoration and Periapical Health in Failed Endodontically Treated Teeth

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
Syed Adeel Ahmed ◽  
Safia Anwar ◽  
Imtiaz ul Haq
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
P Value ◽  
Periapical Lesion ◽  
Endodontically Treated Teeth ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total N ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Cross Tabulation

Objective: To investigate the implication of quality of obturation and coronal restoration on periapical tissue in failed endodontically treated teeth. Study Design and Setting: This cross-sectional research was performed in the Operative Department of BUMDC on 187 patients reporting with root canal failure from March 2019 to August 2019. Methodology: Patients of both genders aged between 20-60 years were considered for this study. Single and multirooted teeth indicated for repeated endodontic treatment due to under filled, overfilled obturation, voids in obturation, absence and presence of coronal restoration were included. One operator carried out clinical examination of the teeth and periapical radiograph was taken for each patient by using E-Speed film and evaluated by the same operator using an illuminated viewer box. SPSS 17 for windows software was used for data entering and chi- square test was applied for statistical calculation of the outcomes. Results: Total n=187 endodontic treated failed teeth were evaluated, out of which 52.9% were of females and 47.1% to males. The number of obturations with acceptable length were 81(43.3%), with adequate density were 107 (57.2%) and with consistent taper were 116(62%). Periapical lesion was observed in 118(63.1%) cases. Quality of obturation significantly affects the periapical health. Cross tabulation showed a significant association (p-value <0.000) between inadequate coronal restoration and changes in periapical area. Conclusion: The successful prognosis of the root canal treatment relies on the good quality of obturation and adequate coronal filling.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN USIA DAN PARITAS TERHADAP KEJADIAN PRE EKLAMPSIA DI RSD BALUNG JEMBER

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Yuningsih
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
P Value ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Chi Square Test

One of the contributors to maternal and infant mortality is the incidence of preeclampsia that occurs during pregnancy. The cause of preeclampsia is still unknown, but it is suspected that age and parity are one of the triggers for this occurrence. Women of childbearing age who are nulliparous with extreme age under the age of less than 20 years and women with the age of more than 35 years are most commonly found to have preeclampsia. The design in this study is analytic with a cross sectional approach. The population of all mothers giving birth in the delivery room of RSD Balung Jember was 3594 in 2019. The number of samples taken using non-random sampling by purposive sampling was finally obtained by 97 respondents. In this study, the independent variables were maternal age and parity, while the dependent variable was the incidence of preeclampsia. The instrument used is medical records. The data is processed by editing, coding, processing and cleaning processes. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. The results of the chi-square test for the age variable obtained that the Pearson chi-square value was 0.019 and the p value = 0.000 <0.05 from these results Ho was rejected, and the parity variable the Pearson chi- square value was 0.019 and the p value = 0.000 <0.05 from these results Ho is rejected. In conclusion, there is a relationship between age and preeclampsia, and there is a relationship between parity and preeclampsia.

scholarly journals Drug Abuse Prevalence Among 10th - 12th-Grade Students of Kerman, Iran in 2017 - 2018 Academic Year

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrzad Mazhari ◽  
Hassan Ziaaddini ◽  
Nozar Nakhaee ◽  
Azam Kermanian
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
12Th Grade ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Substance Involvement ◽  
Academic Year

Background: It is generally accepted that due to various reasons, the age of drug abuse prevalence continues to decline, which imposes numerous personal and social dysfunctions. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of drug abuse among adolescents in Kerman, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 2,000 10th - 12th-grade students in the academic year of 2017 - 2018 selected by random cluster sampling. Data collection tools included demographic characteristics checklist and alcohol smoking and substance involvement screening test (ASSIST). Data were analyzed using chi-square test. Results: The results showed that the highest prevalence of substance abuse among students was related to tobacco, alcohol, and sedatives. It was also demonstrated that the use of cigarettes, sedatives, cannabis, and amphetamine was significantly higher among male subjects compared to female participants (P < 0.05). Moreover, 16.4, 12.9, and 5.1% of the tobacco, alcohol, and sedative users required low interventions, respectively, whereas 1.5, 0.8, and 0.4% of them required high interventions, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results of the study, there was higher drug abuse prevalence in male students compared to female students. As such, it seems that consumption of alcohol, tobacco, and narcotics in adolescents requires serious intervention.

scholarly journals A demographic analysis of consumers’ preference for green products

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Bashiru Jibril ◽  
Michael Adu Kwarteng ◽  
Miloslava Chovancova
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Herbal Product ◽  
Nonparametric Test ◽  
Green Product ◽  
Green Products ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Strength Of Association

Purpose – the aim of this research is to understand and present the outcomes of the strength of association between consumers and the use of the green (herbal) product from a demographic viewpoint. By extension, it measures the magnitude of dependents among demographic factors influencing the use of the green product in a developing country. Research methodology – to evaluate consumer’s demographics on the use of the green (herbal) product, 207 participants took part in the survey through a structured questionnaire. Data were obtained from users of green products (specifically herbs) in Ghana. A nonparametric test precisely chi-square test (x2) and Spearman's correlation rs were employed for our empirical analysis. Findings – the paper indicated the youthful population as the highest number of users of the green product in the herbal market. Results from the nonparametric test (Spearman’s rho) revealed that demographic factors (gender, age, education, and occupation) have an inverse relationship on the use of the green product. Whiles the chi-square test also discloses insignificant relationships among the observed attributes. This suggests that there is no empirical evidence to support the claim that use of green product depends on demographic factors of consumers. Research limitations – the limitation of this study considered the research scope, taking into account a smaller sample size for the study hence, future researchers should expand the sample size as well the other demographic variables necessary for a similar study. Practical implications – the practical implication of this study gives insights to practitioners and marketers in the herbal industry on how best they can progress in their quest to sustain in the business. Originality/Value – the present study aided in widening the scope of consumer behaviour towards the green product in the marketing discipline taken into consideration the widespread competition in the business nowadays especially in the herbal (green product) market

scholarly journals Knowledge of Reproductive Health Issues among the Students of P. N. Campus Pokhara

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Amin Palikhe ◽  
Akhila Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Frequency Table ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Cross Tabulation ◽  
Demographic Background ◽  
Percent Female

The article entitled "Knowledge of Reproductive Health Issues among the Students of P. N. Campus, Pokhara" has studied to get the knowledge about the reproductive health issues. Reproductive health is one of the important factors of population studies. Several studies have been made concerning the reproductive health issues but there are few research works on the knowledge of reproductive health, especially, in P. N. Campus. The present study attempts to find out knowledge of reproductive health issues among the students in the P. N. Campus. This study was based on the primary information collected from the field survey in P.N. Campus. The sample used for collection of data is random sampling. Basically, both descriptive and analytic research design and simple statistical tools like frequency table, and cross tabulation have been used here. To test the hypothesis, Chi- Square test with contingency table has been presented. Among the total 116 students, 58 percent female and 42 percent male were taken for sample. The median age for the sample population was 23 years. About 31 percent among them were married. This research finds out the knowledge of reproductive health issues like media of knowledge, sources, reproductive health issues areas and level of knowledge among the selected demographic background of respondents.Janapriya Journal of Interdisciplinary StudiesVol. III (December 2014), page: 1-8

Assessment of the Contribution of Crowd Sourced Data to Post-Earthquake Building Damage Detection

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Hassanzadeh ◽  
Zorica Nedovic-Budic
Keyword(s):  
Damage Detection ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Predictive Modelling ◽  
Building Damage ◽  
Crowd Sourcing ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
Average Accuracy ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Cross Tabulation

This paper compares the results of building damage detection based on Crowd Sourced (CS) data, image processing of remotely sensed (RS) data and predictive modelling with institutional spatial data (Spatial Data Infrastructure - SDI). In particular, it focuses on the contribution of Crowd Sourcing to detecting post-earthquake building damages, while also considering the integration of Crowd Sourced with two other data sources (RS and modelling). To simulate CS data submission following the 2003 earthquake in Bam City (Iran) a survey was administered to the population which experienced the earthquake. The results obtained from this and two other sources are compared with the Actual Earthquake (AE) data by cross-tabulation analysis and McNemar's Chi Square Test. When assessed against AE data, the average accuracy levels of assessments based on the use of RS data and CS data integrated with each RS data and predictive modelling and with both, show a statistically significant increase relative to the predictive modelling. While this research does not provide for a full assessment of the value of CS data alone and in fact finds it slightly inferior to predictive modelling, it suggests that Crowd Sourcing could be a useful source of information, especially if combined with other sources.

scholarly journals Environmental health community service: Confronting the human resource challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patience Mbola ◽  
Izanne S. Human ◽  
Paula E. Melariri
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Effective Selection ◽  
Chi Square Test

Orientation: The environmental health graduates are required to complete community service before they could be registered as independent practitioners by the Health Professions Council of South Africa. Community service programme serves as the mechanism to recruit healthcare professionals who will improve the provision of equitable and quality healthcare.Research purpose: The study aimed to explore, identify and describe the factors that had an influence on the effective selection, placement and utilisation of environmental health graduates as well as an evaluation of the effectiveness of community service.Research approach/design and method: A quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted using self-administered questionnaires. The study included 24 environmental health practitioners who completed their community service and 10 environmental health practitioners responsible for coordinating community service in the municipal, provincial and national spheres of government in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa during 2013–2016. Purposive sample was drawn from each population. T-test and chi-square test were used to determine the statistical significant differences. The open-ended question responses from the structured questionnaire were qualitatively analysed by an independent coder.Main findings: The findings revealed major problems regarding the effective implementation of community service that included decreasing number of community service posts, inadequate material resources, lack of induction, inconsistent supervision, and a lack of evaluation of the community service.Contribution: The study findings suggest important inequalities that should deserve urgent attention. Study concludes by presenting recommendations for the improvement of the community service in the environmental health.

scholarly journals Who spends and who does not: Clustering visitors at a national arts festival

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Saayman ◽  
A. Saayman ◽  
E. Slabbert
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Ticket Sales ◽  
Arts Festivals ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Arts Festival ◽  
First Time

The Grahamstown National Arts Festival is the oldest National Arts Festival in South Africa and was founded in 1974. This celebration of the arts takes place over a period of eleven days with the main festival running over eight days, which also makes it the longest (in terms of number of days) arts festival in the country. The literature review revealed that high spenders at arts festivals are also the visitors who buy the most show tickets. The success of these events is determined by ticket sales and not necessarily by the number of visitors. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to determine who the high spenders at the Grahamstown National Arts Festival are. Data obtained during the festival in 2008 by means of a questionnaire survey (N=446) was statistically analysed by means of K-means clustering, Pearson‟s chi-square test and ANOVAs. Results indicated two clusters, namely high and low spenders and can assist festival organisers in developing a more focused marketing strategy and festival programme. This was the first time that K-means clustering was applied to festival data in South Africa.

scholarly journals Hypertension and Associated Demographic Factors among Chepang Adults in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Kshitiz Upadhyay Dhungel ◽  
Agya K.C.
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Indigenous Ethnic Group ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background and Objectives: Hypertension is one of the leading health problems globally. In developing countries like Nepal, the prevalence of hypertension is increasing yearly. This study aims to find the prevalence of hypertension and associated demographic factors among Chepang people, an indigenous ethnic group also known as one of the isolated tribal groups of Nepal. Material and Methods: It is a descriptive cross-sectional study performed in total of 324 respondent living in chepang community of Majbang-09 of Kalika Municipality. Semi structured questionnaire including socio-demographic, anthropometric measurement, 24 hour diet recall, and food frequency to explore dietary diversity information. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS 20. Chi-Square test was used to measure the association between variables and was considered significant at p <0.05. Results: According to the study the 35.5% of the respondent were hypertensive and 50.3% of were pre-hypertensive. More than half of the respondent (58.3%) had normal BMI followed by (26.9%) of the respondent were overweight, (9.0%) of the respondent were under nutrition and (5.9%) of the respondent were obese. Among the respondent who had hypertension (60.7%) were above 60 years and the lowest (21.3%) were below 40 years. Conclusion: The socio demographic variables like age, sex, educational status, annual income and marital status were found to be significantly associated with hypertension.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Knowledge, Psychological, Social and Economic Aspects of Covid-19 Pandemic among Dental Professionals- A Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Ramesh ◽  
Ramesh Krishnan ◽  
Sabarinathan Jaganathan
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Dental Professionals

Introduction: Medical as well as dental professionals are always at an increased risk of contracting infections in pandemics. The novel Coronavirus (nCoV), the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic is more contagious than other known members of Coronaviridae family. Aim: This research aims to evaluate the knowledge, psychological, social, and economic aspects of COVID-19 pandemic among dental professionals using a closed-ended questionnaire study. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study with close ended questionnaire was planned. The questionnaire form was prepared in the Google platform after receiving ethical clearance, with 39 questions under the headings of General Information, Knowledge, Psychological aspects, and Social and Economic aspects. The questionnaire link was circulated among dental professionals known to the research team through Email, WhatsApp, and Messenger. A total of 504 dental professionals participated in this study in five days. Knowledge score was calculated, and psychological stress was calculated using Likert scale. Economic aspect was measured using yes/no answers. Data were entered in an excel sheet and the data obtained were statistically analysed using the SPSS software, version 11.5. Chi-square test was done to evaluate whether there is an association between knowledge score and demographic factors and p-value was obtained. Results: There was almost equal gender distribution of respondents in the study. p-value obtained from chi-square test results correlating knowledge score with various demographic factors was not significant. A 59.9% of study participants were poorly informed on methods used to diagnose COVID-19 infection. A 44.4% of the respondents were psychologically stressed about infecting their family members and 72.22% were economically affected because of their profession. A 98.61% of the participants reported that they will wash their hands frequently, avoid crowded places and cancel travel plans in the near future. Conclusion: The present study evaluated the knowledge, psychological, social and economic aspects of COVID-19 pandemic among dental professionals. We identified that there is an urgent need to intensify the knowledge on COVID-19 and also to give psychological, social and economic support to dental professionals

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