scholarly journals Who spends and who does not: Clustering visitors at a national arts festival

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Saayman ◽  
A. Saayman ◽  
E. Slabbert
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Ticket Sales ◽  
Arts Festivals ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Arts Festival ◽  
First Time

The Grahamstown National Arts Festival is the oldest National Arts Festival in South Africa and was founded in 1974. This celebration of the arts takes place over a period of eleven days with the main festival running over eight days, which also makes it the longest (in terms of number of days) arts festival in the country. The literature review revealed that high spenders at arts festivals are also the visitors who buy the most show tickets. The success of these events is determined by ticket sales and not necessarily by the number of visitors. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to determine who the high spenders at the Grahamstown National Arts Festival are. Data obtained during the festival in 2008 by means of a questionnaire survey (N=446) was statistically analysed by means of K-means clustering, Pearson‟s chi-square test and ANOVAs. Results indicated two clusters, namely high and low spenders and can assist festival organisers in developing a more focused marketing strategy and festival programme. This was the first time that K-means clustering was applied to festival data in South Africa.

scholarly journals Market segmentation of visitors at three selected arts festivals in South Africa

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Pissoort ◽  
M. Saayman
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Market Segmentation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Arts Festivals ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time ◽  
Visitor Numbers

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to examine the market segmentation of visitors at three Arts Festivals in South Africa. The Arts Festivals were Innibos, Oppikoppi and Volksblad.Problem investigated: The literature review clearly shows that, in order for marketers of festivals to use scarce resources effectively and efficiently, it is paramount to do market segmentation. The advantages of market segmentation lie in an increase in visitor numbers, better image, and by creating a competitive advantage to name but a few.Method of research: The research was conducted by means of structured questionnaires at the three arts festivals. The data was used to compile a profile of each Festival. The significance of the correlation between the three Festivals and their profiles were tested by using effect sizes and Chi-square. A sample size of 452 questionnaires for Volksblad, 573 questionnaires for Innibos and 201 for Oppikoppi was used.Findings: The results show that the visitor profile variables that are significant for market segmentation purposes include:language; the province in which Festival attendees reside; days spent at the Festival; and the size of the travelling group.These results confirmed but also contradicted a number of similar studies conducted. The results also clearly showed the different profiles of each of the three arts festivals.Value of research: This was the first time such research was undertaken at smaller Arts Festivals in South Africa and is useful for planning and marketing purposes.Conclusion: Due to the increase in the number of festivals and events in South Africa as well as competition in general,marketers and organisers of these events and festivals are required to understand and target the right markets. Hence, this type of research is important and necessitates marketers and event organisers to follow a more scientific approach.

scholarly journals Finding the key to success: A visitors' perspective at a National Arts Festival

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Saayman ◽  
M. Kruger ◽  
J. Erasmus
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Need Satisfaction ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Key Success Factors ◽  
General Evaluation ◽  
Arts Festivals ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Arts Festival

Purpose and/or objectives: The purpose of this article was to segment festival visitors at the Klein Karoo National Arts Festival (KKNK) based on their travel motives and their ratings of the Key Success Factors (KSFs) in terms of their festival experience. Problem investigated: Previous research has indicated that the success and sustainability of an arts festival is dependent on the number of tickets sold for shows and productions during the festival. Therefore, success depends on attracting visitors who attend and buy tickets for different types of shows and productions. To achieve this festival organisers need to understand the aspects that visitors regard as satisfying their needs and which create a unique festival experience. Methodology: A survey was conducted using a questionnaire at the festival. A total of 450 questionnaires were administered and 443 completed questionnaires were included in the analysis. Factor analysis was used to identify visitors' motivation to travel to and attend the KKNK. Cluster analysis followed the factor analysis to segments visitors based their identified travel motives. ANOVAs, Chi-square tests, two-way frequency tables and Tukey's multiple comparisons were conducted to investigate and determine any significant differences between the clusters based on demographics, behavioural variables and KSFs. Analysis and interpretation of findings: The findings of this study revealed that the travel motives that are important to visitors to the arts festival are: Festival Attractiveness, Novelty and Escape and Socialisation. Furthermore, different markets have different travel motives, clustered as Escapists, Festival Junkies and Culture Seekers. These different clusters have different tastes and needs, for example the Culture Seekers are more interested in Rock shows and all three clusters enjoy Drama, Music Theatre and Cabaret and Comedy shows and productions. Different markets also focus on different KSFs that influence their experience of the event. Escapists rated Venues and Shows and Stalls as the most important KSF in managing the festival, whereas Festival Junkies and Culture Seekers rated Safety and Personnel and Shows and Stalls as the most important. The value of the research: This research provides several insights. First, travel motives are a good base or foundation for segmenting visitors to arts festivals. Hence, it is important to have an in-depth understanding of why visitors attend the arts festival and what they expect to experience at the arts festival. Second, this research makes a contribution to the literature around travel motives, market segmentation, festival management and need satisfaction. Finally, the results show that festival organisers cannot base their planning on a general evaluation of visitors, but that different markets have different needs and also regard different factors are important to their overall experience. Conclusion: This research can help festival organisers understand what visitors want to experience at an arts festival and how they want to experience it.

scholarly journals Attributes of Entreprenuers at an Arts Festival

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Saayman ◽  
M Douglas ◽  
S De Klerk
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Arts Festivals ◽  
Event Tourism ◽  
Arts Festival ◽  
The City

<p>The purpose of this article is to determine the attributes of entrepreneurs at festivals, in this case an arts festival. The reason for choosing an arts festival is that the largest festivals (judged by number of visitors and income generated) hosted in South Africa annually are arts festivals. A literature review revealed that this type of study had not previously been conducted in South Africa. In order to generate proper data, a survey was conducted of all small businesses that were trading at one of South Africa’s largest arts festivals, namely the Aardklop National Arts Festival, held annually in the city of Potchefstroom. 222 useable questionnaires were captured and the data analysis included a factor analysis and descriptive results. The main results reveal that the most important attributes are a need for achievement, being successful, having the necessary organising skills, selfedification, being explorative, and commitment.        </p><strong>Key words:</strong> entrepreneurs, arts festivals, event tourism, South Africa, attributes, Aardklop National Arts Festival

Festival loyalty to a South African literary arts festival: action speaks louder than words!

2019 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martinette Kruger
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Behavioural Intentions ◽  
Arts Festivals ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Art Form ◽  
Arts Festival ◽  
Purchasing Behaviour ◽  
Literary Arts

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to fill the gap in the literature by focusing on the profile and loyalty of visitors to a literary arts festival in South Africa. In addition, this research advocates that festivals can influence visitors’ supplementary behavioural intentions and actions beyond loyalty in the form of literary arts appreciation, purchases and tourism. Design/methodology/approach A visitor survey was conducted at one of the oldest literary arts festivals in the country where a total of 391 completed self-administered questionnaires were obtained. The statistical analyses comprised three factor analyses (motives to attend the festival, satisfaction with the festival offering elements and behavioural intentions) as well as structural equation modelling, to establish the relationship between the motives, evaluation of the “festivalscapes”, behavioural intentions and loyalty. Findings The findings confirmed that literary arts festival loyalty is the principle behavioural intention that will occur after attending a literary arts festival. However, the results demonstrated that literary arts festivals also have the potential to increase and stimulate supplementary behavioural intentions in the form of greater awareness of the arts, increased purchasing behaviour of literary works, increased travel to support the literary arts and greater personal involvement. Practical implications Festivals, irrespective of the art form that they showcase, therefore, play a significant role in encouraging and increasing purchasing behaviour, which is vital to the viability and continuation of the arts industry. Originality/value This is one of the first studies to research the literary arts festival market in South Africa, thereby making a distinct contribution by expanding the literature on the needs of this neglected market and the aspects that influence loyalty to these types of festivals.

The art of tastings: enhancing the arts festival experience

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armand Viljoen ◽  
Martinette Kruger ◽  
Melville Saayman
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Sparkling Wine ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Arts Festivals ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Art And Culture ◽  
Arts Festival ◽  
First Time ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThe role and importance of arts festivals are well documented within the festival and events literature. Art and culture, as well as the subsequent enhancement thereof, are especially significant in multicultural societies. However, little is known regarding the role of culinary experiences within an arts festival setting. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachThe case study was a well-known and popular Afrikaans national arts festival held annually in Potchefstroom, South Africa. Visitors to three distinct tasting experiences (brandy, whisky and sparkling wine, including Méthode Cap Classique), offered as part of the festival programme, were surveyed.FindingsIn the analyses, 292 completed questionnaires were included, which revealed three managerial factors for a successful tasting experience, as well as six tasting experience dimensions. In all cases, the experiences exceeded the expectations. This research greatly contributes towards the body of knowledge regarding tasting experiences at national arts festivals, an aspect that has not been researched to date.Practical implicationsBased on the results, practical implications are provided to enhance the current tasting experiences as well as visitor loyalty. This research is a stepping stone towards understanding the needs and preferences of the visitors, as well as identifying how the festival can capitalise on delivering these experiences.Originality/valueThis research identified for the first time the factors that contribute to a memorable tasting experience, as well as evaluated the tasting experience dimensions.

scholarly journals Environmental health community service: Confronting the human resource challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patience Mbola ◽  
Izanne S. Human ◽  
Paula E. Melariri
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Effective Selection ◽  
Chi Square Test

Orientation: The environmental health graduates are required to complete community service before they could be registered as independent practitioners by the Health Professions Council of South Africa. Community service programme serves as the mechanism to recruit healthcare professionals who will improve the provision of equitable and quality healthcare.Research purpose: The study aimed to explore, identify and describe the factors that had an influence on the effective selection, placement and utilisation of environmental health graduates as well as an evaluation of the effectiveness of community service.Research approach/design and method: A quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted using self-administered questionnaires. The study included 24 environmental health practitioners who completed their community service and 10 environmental health practitioners responsible for coordinating community service in the municipal, provincial and national spheres of government in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa during 2013–2016. Purposive sample was drawn from each population. T-test and chi-square test were used to determine the statistical significant differences. The open-ended question responses from the structured questionnaire were qualitatively analysed by an independent coder.Main findings: The findings revealed major problems regarding the effective implementation of community service that included decreasing number of community service posts, inadequate material resources, lack of induction, inconsistent supervision, and a lack of evaluation of the community service.Contribution: The study findings suggest important inequalities that should deserve urgent attention. Study concludes by presenting recommendations for the improvement of the community service in the environmental health.

Emergency Utilization and Trends in a Community Dental Clinic in Northern Manhattan: A Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-141
Author(s):  
Evan Cyrkin ◽  
Aaron Myers ◽  
Jaffer Shariff ◽  
Richard Yoon
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
Dental Clinic ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Dental Records ◽  
First Time

Purpose: To evaluate utilization and trends associated with patients who presented with emergencies at a community dental clinic at Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY. Study design: Data from deidentified dental records of patients aged 0–12 years old who presented as emergencies for oral and dental reasons for 2012, 2013, and 2014 were collected. Variables analyzed included demographic information, oral diagnosis, and current health status. Frequency distributions analysis, chi-square test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) test were performed using Stata 13.0. Results: There were 4,328 dental and oral-related emergencies with a mean age of 6-years-old. Approximately 50% were females, 71% were Hispanic, and 90% had Medicaid managed care. Most emergencies (49%) were caries-related, 41% were considered atraumatic in nature, and approximately 10% were traumatic. About 10% of patients presented with comorbidities and 37% were either first-time patients or patients that presented exclusively for emergencies. Acute tooth pain (45%) caused by dental caries was the most common chief complaint. The trends for emergency presentations showed a significant decrease (p&lt;.001) between years 2012–2014 for caries-related visits and a significant increase (p&lt;.001) between 2012–2013 and 2012–2014 for atraumatic visits. Conclusions: Caries-related dental diagnoses were more common than trauma-related diagnoses. The most common caries-related diagnosis was pulp necrosis for both primary and permanent dentitions while the most common traumarelated diagnosis was subluxation for the primary dentition and enamel-dentin fracture for the permanent dentition.

Trend in Prevalence of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type-1 (HTLV-1) Infection in Japanese Blood Donors, Nagasaki, 1999 to 2006.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 2911-2911
Author(s):  
Masako Iwanaga ◽  
Shin Chiyoda ◽  
Eisuke Kusaba ◽  
Shimeru Kamihira ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donors ◽  
Secular Trend ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
T Lymphotropic Virus ◽  
Specific Analysis ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
First Time ◽  
Virus Carrier ◽  
Virus Screening

Abstract To evaluate time-trend of HTLV-1 prevalence and the effect of preventative measure against the viral transmission are important in the virus endemic regions. In Nagasaki, Japan, an endemic area of HTLV-1, a routine serological virus screening for blood donors and a prefecture-wide intervention project (the ATL Prevention Program; APP) to prevent milk-borne transmission for the virus carrier mothers have been conducted since 1986 and 1987, respectively. However, the effects of both projects on the virus seroprevalence have not been well evaluated. In this study, we conducted trend analyses of age-specific, birth-year-specific, and period-specific seroprevalence of HTLV-1 for first-time blood donors who donated between January 1999 and December 2006. Among 55668 first-time donors (age at donation; 16–65 years, birth year; 1934–1990), 718 were test positive for HTLV-1, indicating that the overall seroprevalence was1.29% (95%CI, 1.20–1.39). Prevalence was significantly higher in women than men (1.53% vs. 1.13%; OR; 1.36, 95%CI; 1.17–1.57). Seroprevalence increased significantly with increasing age at donation from 0.70% at 16–25 years to 7.34% at over 56 years (Chi-square test, P < 0.0001). The annual prevalence was 1.32 in 1999, 1.31 in 2002, and 1.37 in 2006, indicating that there was no significant secular trend during 1999–2006 (P for trend=0.99). In analyses by age at donation, trends of HTLV-1 prevalence significantly declined among age over 56 years (P for trend=0.02) and age 16–25 years (P for trend=0.0007), whereas in birth-year-specific analyses, there was no apparent change of the prevalence over time, except in birth year 1981–90 group in which the prevalence declined from 1.22% in 1999 to 0.44% in 2006 (P for trend < 0.0001). In analyses for limited birth year from 1985 to 1990, the seroprevalence declined from 0.75% in birth year 1985–86 group, 0.31% in 1987–88 group, to zero% in 1989–90 group (P for trend =0.0002). HTLV-1 seroprevalence was significantly lower among donors born in 1987–90 (after APP) than 1985–86 (before APP). These results indicate that a birth-year-specific analysis for HTLV-1 prevalence may be appropriate to evaluate secular trend since the virus mostly transmit during infancy, and that a prefecture-wide intervention, the refraining from breast-feeding by the virus carrier mothers, contributes a declining HTLV-1 seroprevalence in our region.

CROSS TABULATION ANALYSIS: DETERMINANTS OF MATHEMATIC SUCCESS AMONG CIVIL AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT STUDENTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justus N. Agumba
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Comprehensive University ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Cross Tabulation ◽  
Mathematics Success

The socio-economic and demographic factors have been indicated to predict mathematics success. However, there is paucity of research to verify if these factors correlate with mathematics success at university level in South Africa. Hence, this paper reports on the socio-economic and demographic factors that correlate with mathematics success for civil and built environment students at a comprehensive university in South Africa. The data was obtained through, questionnaire survey from 197 students who were purposive sampled. The data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. The study found that the correlation between the dependant variable and the independent variables that did not violet the assumption of each cell having more than five counts were insignificant. The cross tabulation results on frequencies should be interpreted with caution. The result indicates arithmetic difference in most of the independent variables. Male students performed better than female students in mathematics. However, the differences between the groups are not statistically significant as indicated with the Chi-square test.

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