Source of Metal Ions on Raw Cotton Fibers and their Influence on Dyeing

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Chanel Angelique Fortier ◽  
Christopher Delhom ◽  
Michael K. Dowd
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Fiber Development ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Dye Uptake ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Fiber Metal ◽  
Cotton Bolls

This work reports on two debated points related to the metal content of cotton fiber and its influence on processing. The first issue is if the metal levels of raw fibers are naturally deposited during fiber development or if the levels are influenced by weathering and harvesting conditions present after boll opening. This was tested by harvesting bolls just as they were opening and after the opened bolls were allowed to field age. The second issue relates to the importance of metal levels on fiber dyeability. Results indicate that the metal levels of newly-opened cotton were not appreciably different from those of aged cotton bolls and that the fiber metal levels after scouring and bleaching had little correlation with dye uptake. Additionally, some metal levels exceeded those previously reported and the environment appeared to have a stronger influence on fiber Ca and Mg levels than did cultivar differences.

Molecular weight and organization of cellulose at different stages of cotton fiber development

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 726-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumedha Liyanage ◽  
Noureddine Abidi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Fiber Strength ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Fiber Development ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Cotton Fiber Development

There is a continuous change in cell wall composition and organization during cotton fiber development. Cotton fiber strength correlates to the molecular weight (MW) and molecular weight distribution (MWD), and organization of cellulose chains in the secondary cell wall. These parameters change drastically during fiber development. This study reports on the MW, MWD, and organization of cellulose in cotton fibers harvested from two cotton cultivars of Gossypium hirsutum L., (Texas Marker-1 and TX55) at different levels of maturity. Fiber dissolution is necessary to estimate the molecular properties of cellulose. Cellulose in mature cotton fibers is larger in MW and highly crystalline and, therefore, poorly dissolves in common solvent systems. To facilitate the dissolution, fibers were first pretreated with 23% sodium hydroxide and then dissolved in a dimethylacetamide/lithium chloride solvent system. Gel permeation chromatography of dissolved fibers indicated that cellulose in both cultivars reaches its maximum MW around 30 days post anthesis. Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy imaging in the transmission mode indicates changes in cellulose distribution in cotton fibers with fiber development. The distributions of infrared vibrations of cellulose at 897 (β-linkage of cellulose), 1161 (anti-symmetrical C-O-C stretching of cellulose), and 1429 cm−1 (CH2 scissoring of cellulose) provided information on cellulose deposition in intact cotton fibers.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic and Functional Analysis of CesA Genes in Cotton

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuikui Cui ◽  
Guiqin Sun ◽  
Quanzhi Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Fiber Development ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Phylogenetic Status ◽  
Cesa Genes ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background: Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is widely distributed all over the world, and improving the quality of its fiber is one of the most important tasks in cotton breeding. Cotton fibers are primarily composed of cellulose, which is synthesized and regulated by cellulose synthase (CesAs). But the molecular mechanism of CesA genes in cotton was unclear. Results: In this study, the phylogenetic history and purifying selection of CesA genes were investigated along with their functions. CesA3 and CesA6 are the two largest subgroups in G. arboreum, comprising 52.8% of the whole CesA family. These two CesA subgroups were then chosen for further research, and the results showed that they are highly differentiated in dicot groups. The two subgroups were also discriminated with the use of a Ka/Ks analysis. This indicated that they may play an important role in fiber development based on their unique phylogenetic status. Functional studies were subsequently conducted using the most purified genes (Gohir.A08G144300.1 in CesA3 subgroup). The silencing of Gohir.A08G144300.1 visibly inhibits the growth of cotton fiber, showing that it is critical for the growth of cotton fibers. Conclusions: The results presented here a target gene Gohir.A08G144300.1 based on the analysis of CesA gene members, and it is found that this gene was crucial to the growth of cotton fibers. This study provides more information for the understanding of the molecular mechanism of cotton fiber development.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF TRACE METALS DUE TO THE PRODUCTION AND USE OF DIESEL THROUGH THE AIR QUALITY MONITORING OF IMPACTED AREAS

2009 ◽  
Vol 06 (12) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Josiane LOYOLA ◽  
Simone Lorena QUITERIO ◽  
Viviane ESCALEIRA ◽  
Graciela ARBILLA
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Total Particulate Matter ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles

The petroleum industry has difficulties to assess the trace metal content in liquid fuels. In this work, it is proposed to solve this problem determining these metals by collecting particulate matter atmospheric samples and analysing their metal content. Samples of total particulate matter and of inhalable particles (PM10) were collected in a bus station in the period August 2006-February 2007. The only significant emission source in that location are the buses, fueled by diesel, since light duty vehicles account for about 1-2% of the total vehicular flux and no other activities are developed in the area. Metal levels were determined by ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy). Ca, Mg, Fe and Al were the most abundant compounds, and account for about 50.1%, 24.2%, 6.5% and 18.7%, respectively, of the metal contain. Co, Ni, Cd, Cr and Pb were under their detection limits, except for a few samples. Ca, Mg, Zn and Cu were determined in higher ratios that those currently find in crustal materials indicating that these elements may have important combustion sources and are enriched in the soil.

Research on Crystallinity, Morphology of Cotton Subjected to Enzyme and Crosslinking Treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 893 ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Nahid Pervez ◽  
Faizan Shafiq ◽  
Muhammad Munib Jilani ◽  
Zahid Sarwar ◽  
Ying Jie Cai
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline Structure ◽  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Cellulose I ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cotton Fibres ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Crystalline Nature ◽  
Crosslinking Agents

This paper explores the effect of prior enzymatic treatment on non-formaldehyde crosslinked cotton fiber and crystalline structure of cotton fibers after enzyme, crosslinking and a combination of enzyme and crosslinking treatments were examined by X-ray diffractometer. Results showed that during crosslinking treatment crystallinity index (%) values were increased with reduced crystallinity size and crosslinked of enzyme treated cotton did not change the crystalline nature of cotton (i.e. it was Cellulose I). In addition, by analysing FT-IR and SEM data it is confirmed that uniform presence of crosslinking agents was visible on cotton fibres.

2,2î-Bipyridine Catalyzed Bleaching of Cotton Fibers with Peracetic Acid

1988 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Rucker ◽  
David M. Cates
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Peracetic Acid ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Transition Metal Ions ◽  
Ferrous Ion ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Ferrous Ions

Peracetic acid can be catalyzed to bleach cotton fibers at temperatures as low as 30°C by incorporating 2,2î-bipyridine in the bleach solution. Treatment of the fibers with HCl prior to bleaching reduces bleaching effectiveness by removing trace transition metal ions from the fibers. Sorption of individual ions (Cr+3 Mn+2, Fe+2, Fe+3 Co+2, Ni+2, Cu+2, and Zn+2) by HCl treated cotton fibers prior to bleaching indicates that the ferrous ion produces the greatest catalytic effect, and it is only effective when the metal ion is in the fiber as opposed to in solution. Ferrous ions in the fibers sorb 2,2î-bipyridine from solution to form the tris-2,2î-bipyridine ferrous ion complex that is associated with the fibers, and it is the trischelate associated with the fibers that catalyzes bleaching. The effects of pH, temperature, and concentrations of 2,2î-bipyridine, sodium lauryl sulfate, and transition metal ions (in the fibers and in solution) on bleaching effectiveness and peracetic acid decomposition have been studied, and a bleaching mechanism is proposed.

scholarly journals Investigation of the EIL/EIN3 Transcription Factor Gene Family Members and Their Expression Levels in the Early Stage of Cotton Fiber Development

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haron Salih ◽  
Shoupu He ◽  
Hongge Li ◽  
Zhen Peng ◽  
Xiongming Du
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Fiber Development ◽  
Protein Family ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Cotton Fiber Development ◽  
Cotton Species

The ethylene-insensitive3-like/ethylene-insensitive3 (EIL/EIN3) protein family can serve as a crucial factor for plant growth and development under diverse environmental conditions. EIL/EIN3 protein is a form of a localized nuclear protein with DNA-binding activity that potentially contributes to the intricate network of primary and secondary metabolic pathways of plants. In light of recent research advances, next-generation sequencing (NGS) and novel bioinformatics tools have provided significant breakthroughs in the study of the EIL/EIN3 protein family in cotton. In turn, this paved the way to identifying and characterizing the EIL/EIN3 protein family. Hence, the high-throughput, rapid, and cost-effective meta sequence analyses have led to a remarkable understanding of protein families in addition to the discovery of novel genes, enzymes, metabolites, and other biomolecules of the higher plants. Therefore, this work highlights the recent advance in the genomic-sequencing analysis of higher plants, which has provided a plethora of function profiles of the EIL/EIN3 protein family. The regulatory role and crosstalk of different metabolic pathways, which are apparently affected by these transcription factor proteins in one way or another, are also discussed. The ethylene hormone plays an important role in the regulation of reactive oxygen species in plants under various environmental stress circumstances. EIL/EIN3 proteins are the key ethylene-signaling regulators and play important roles in promoting cotton fiber developmental stages. However, the function of EIL/EIN3 during initiation and early elongation stages of cotton fiber development has not yet been fully understood. The results provided valuable information on cotton EIL/EIN3 proteins, as well as a new vision into the evolutionary relationships of this gene family in cotton species.

Research on properties of modified nylon blend yarn and fabric

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-337
Author(s):  
Xinjin Liu ◽  
Xuzhong Su ◽  
Juan Song ◽  
Yafang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Antibacterial Property ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fiber Modification ◽  
Static Performance ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Blending Process ◽  
Small Parts ◽  
Cotton Sliver

Purpose Due to the excellent functionality of graphene, the research on fiber modification by graphene has been receiving more and more attentions recently, and many research findings have been conducted. However, the purpose of this paper is to focus on the fiber modification method and corresponding modified fiber properties, but the research on processing of the modified fiber, especially the textile process, is little. Therefore, in the paper, the properties of one kind of textile GN fiber and the spinning method of the GN fiber blend yarn and the functionalities of corresponding fabric are studied. Design/methodology/approach In the paper, the properties of nylon fiber modified by graphene (GN) were studied first. Then, according to the tested results, one new blending process of the GN fiber and cotton fiber was given, and corresponding properties of the blend yarns were tested and analyzed. Finally, the knitted fabrics were produced using the spun blend yarns, and the antibacterial property, electromagnetic shielding property, anti-ultraviolet performance, anti-static performance and conventional mechanical, and appearance thermal-wet comfort properties were tested and comparatively analyzed. Findings The tested results showed that the functionality of all fabrics was effective due to the addition of the graphene in the fiber, especially the antibacterial property. With the increasing of the GN fiber in the blend yarns, the functionality of all fabrics was also increased first and then achieved stability. Originality/value One new blending process of the GN fiber and cotton fiber was given. In the spinning, the combed cotton sliver was produced first, and then was torn into small parts of combed cotton sliver fiber by hand. Then, the treated GN fibers and cotton fibers were mixed for the first time, and corresponding GN/C carding sliver was produced. In this blend processing, the mixed cotton fiber was used to improve the sliver processing of the GN fiber. Then, in the drawing process, the required number of GN/C carding sliver and combed cotton sliver were fed simultaneously, and GN fibers and cotton fibers were mixed for the second time, and corresponding four kinds of GN/JC blend yarns were produced. In this blend processing, the mixed cotton fiber was used to regulate the blending ratio.

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