Avoidance the Norms of Legislation as Manifestation of the Deviant Behavior of Participants of Civil Relations

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2176
Author(s):  
Yurii M. YURKEVYCH ◽  
Ivan V. KRASNYTSKYI ◽  
Khrystyna V. MAIKUT
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
Social Standards ◽  
Scholarly Article ◽  
Legislative Regulation ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Market Relations

Under conditions of the market relations’ development, the growth of social standards, the legislature’s active work, the level of regulation of social relations has increased. In spite of the high level of regulation of the outlined aspects, the participants of civil relations do not always follow the normative rules. Such deviant behavior is caused by various factors. The purpose of this scholarly article is to study the issues of avoidance the norms of law as a manifestation of deviant behavior of participants in civil relations, as well as to develop proposals to prevent its further manifestation. This study has focused on the delinquent type of deviant behavior in social relations. It has been concluded that the deviant behavior of civil relations participants, which is aimed at avoidance the legislative regulation, can be divided into two types: behavior that contains indirect violations of regulations and behavior that does not contain formal violations of regulations. For a better understanding of the causes and factors that cause the phenomena under study, such concepts as ‘legal conscience’ and ‘legal culture’ have been analyzed.  

scholarly journals LEGAL CULTURE AS A FACTOR OF LEGITIMACY OF THE SOCIAL AND LEGAL ORDER

2021 ◽  
pp. 466-477
Author(s):  
Evgeny M. Shumkin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Institutions ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Sphere Of Influence

In sociology, the interest in order is determined, among other things, by the identification of various factors that labilize and determine it. The factor under consideration, as a subject, is objectively difficult for social analysis and practical application of its results. Among the trigger reasons are legal culture and legitimacy, which are studied in this theoretical work from heuristic and analytical perspectives. It is assumed that legal culture, as a set of values aggregated by society and the state, can itself act as a factor of legitimacy for such an order. The disclosure of heuristic interest is carried out through legal consciousness of a person, a conscious choice of the model of rational (for oneself or the state) behavior, and the work of socio-legal institutions. Identifying the immanent signs of legal culture, we come to a conclusion that the critical mass of socially accumulated and legal knowledge provokes a qualitative leap in the development of both social and legal orders. This development determines the formation of an architecture of not only social but also nomological values, which creates the necessary conditions for the stability of social relations according to the objective rules provided by the legislator. The author emphasizes the impossibility of predetermining the primacy of the values under consideration since social and normative actions ensure the necessary balance of interests that are corresponding in nature, where unsatisfied frustrating expectations are considered as the main problems. Such expectations are associated with the violation of this balance, expressed in the permanent conflict between law and law enforcement, as the quintessence of the penetrating clash of social and legal orders, where society insists on defeating part of the monopoly on violence in the case of citizens’ deviant behavior and demilitarization of the work of legal institutions that is related to the condemnation of non-conformity, and where the state protects the objectivity of the rules of conduct and the extension of their sphere of influence by giving them legitimacy. The considered social order is seen as the basis for such an organization of life in society where the state acts as a moderator, introducing norms as irreducible standards of responsibility of each individual, correcting his behavior model towards rationality through legal culture that ensures legal awareness, conformity and legitimacy of socio-legal institutions. Legal culture laid down by society and supported by the state makes it possible to adopt a rational model of behavior in society and to make it resistant to destructive social phenomena.

scholarly journals Advertising as a way of formation of stereotypes of legal behavior of the youth

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
K.V. Malakhova ◽  
◽  
I.P. Polskoy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cross Point ◽  
Youth Behavior ◽  
Point Analysis ◽  
And Behavior

Presented is a new aspect of studying the problem of influence of advertising on the youth. The authors consider a social phenomenon through a worldview function and behavior stereotypes, as well as conducts a brief cross point analysis of advertising and youth. Advertising is studied in the context of the channel of deviant behavior and formation of value-legal culture of the youth. The authors offer the definitions of the concept “youth”, behavior stereotype, as well as advertising to be interacted. The authors determine their own point of view on usage of advertising by law enforcement officers, as well as suppose certain examples of its positive applying by traffic management inspectors. The authors solve this problem in enforcing advertising usage at legal level.

Bracketed Morality in Sport

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-45
Author(s):  
Visnja Djordjic
Keyword(s):  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Fair Play ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Moral Integrity ◽  
Moral Decision Making ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Moral Atmosphere ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Behavior

Summary Although sport can promote moral values and prosocial behavior in youth, numerous research shows that sports engagement alone does not guarantee that outcome. Instead of striving for fair-play and sport excellence which not exclude justness, solidarity and moral integrity, contemporary sport frequently follows the Lombardian ethic, where „winning isn’t everything, it’s the only thing”. Moral pause or bracketed morality, as described in sport, refers to the phenomenon of tolerance and acceptance of aggressive behavior or cheating, that will be morally condemned outside sports arenas. Accordingly, lower levels of moral reasoning and behavior have been identified in athletes and non-athletes in the sports-related situation in comparison to other life situations; in athletes when compared to non-athletes, in more experienced athletes, high-level athletes, team-sport athletes, and male athletes. Moral reasoning and behavior of athletes are influenced by contextual and personal factors, with coaches having a particularly important role to play. The positive influence of sport on the moral development of athletes might be related to pre-service and in-service education of coaches how to develop adequate moral atmosphere, and how to plan for moral decision-making as an integral part of everyday practice.

The Impact of COVID-19 Quarantine on Children‘s Behaviors and Language

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 796-806
Author(s):  
Sana M Kamal ◽  
Ali Al-Samydai ◽  
Rudaina Othman Yousif ◽  
Talal Aburjai
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Child Psychology ◽  
Simple Random Sample ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
The World ◽  
Female Children ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

COVID-19 pandemic has spread across the world, which considered a relative of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), with possibility of transmission from animals to human and effect each of health and economic. Several preventative strategies and non-pharmaceutical interventions have been used to slow down the spread of COVID-19. The questionnaire contained 36 questions regarding the impact of COVID-19 quarantine on children`s behaviors and language have been distributed online (Google form). Data collected after asking parents about their children behavior during quarantine, among the survey completers (n=469), 42.3% were female children, and 57.7 were male children. Results showed that quarantine has an impact on children`s behaviors and language, where stress and isolationism has a higher effect, while social relations had no impact. The majority of the respondents (75.0%) had confidence that community pharmacies can play an important role in helping families in protection their children`s behaviors and language as they made the highest contact with pharmacists during quarantine. One of the main recommendations that could be applied to help parents protection and improvement their children`s behaviors and language in quarantine condition base on simple random sample opinion is increasing the role of community pharmacies inpatient counseling and especially towards children after giving courses to pharmacists in child psychology and behavior. This could be helpful to family to protect their children, from any changing in them behaviors and language in such conditions in the future if the world reface such the same problem.

scholarly journals Rational metareasoning and the plasticity of cognitive control

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Falk Lieder ◽  
Amitai Shenhav ◽  
Sebastian Musslick ◽  
Tom Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Interference Control ◽  
Learning Mechanisms ◽  
Control Failure ◽  
Stimulus Features ◽  
High Level ◽  
Computational Resources ◽  
And Behavior

The human brain has the impressive capacity to adapt how it processes information to high-level goals. While it is known that these cognitive control skills are malleable and can be improved through training, the underlying plasticity mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we develop and evaluate a model of how people learn when to exert cognitive control, which controlled process to use, and how much effort to exert. We derive this model from a general theory according to which the function of cognitive control is to select and configure neural pathways so as to make optimal use of finite time and limited computational resources. The central idea of our Learned Value of Control model is that people use reinforcement learning to predict the value of candidate control signals of different types and intensities based on stimulus features. This model correctly predicts the learning and transfer effects underlying the adaptive control-demanding behavior observed in an experiment on visual attention and four experiments on interference control in Stroop and Flanker paradigms. Moreover, our model explained these findings significantly better than an associative learning model and a Win-Stay Lose-Shift model. Our findings elucidate how learning and experience might shape people’s ability and propensity to adaptively control their minds and behavior. We conclude by predicting under which circumstances these learning mechanisms might lead to self-control failure.

scholarly journals The positive legal uncertainty as a technical and legal method of exposition of law

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-444
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Yu. Arkhipova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
Legal Uncertainty ◽  
The Law ◽  
Market Relations ◽  
Law Making

Introduction. In modern Russian society with high rates of development of market relations, digitalization of the main spheres of life, popularization of the ideas of self-organization and self-regulation, legal uncertainty acts as a bipolar phenomenon, which is not only a consequence of law-making errors, but an effective technical and legal way of presenting regulations. Theoretical analysis. The historical analysis of the formation and development of ideas of certainty and uncertainty in jurisprudence showed that these categories are considered as universal phenomena characteristic of any matter. It was established that absolute certainty is unattainable and not always in demand, while legal uncertainty is inherent in the very nature of law. Еmpirical analysis. It was revealed that the need to ensure mobility and flexibility of legal regulation imposes the task of a reasonable use of legal uncertainty as a technical and legal way of presenting law on the law-making subject, which is reflected in the current legislation. Results. Legal uncertainty is an objective and inevitable phenomenon, and the total regulation of social relations is not always justified. The law is being improved on the basis of the principle of transition from the casuistic to the abstract, which proves its universality.

scholarly journals Perceived Problems of Strike Action and Deviant Behavior at Selected Higher Institutions in Ekiti State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
Yusuf Suleiman ◽  
Muraina Kamilu Olanrewaju ◽  
Jamiu Mahmood Suleiman
Keyword(s):  
School Counselors ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Deviant Behaviors ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
High Level ◽  
Higher Institutions

This study aimed to investigate the perceived problems of strike action and deviant behavior in selected higher institutions in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The descriptive research design of ex-post-facto type was used in the study. Three hundred respondents were selected randomly from two Universities. The respondents were measured with a self-developed scale, and the data obtained were analyzed using descriptive (mean) statistical analysis. Four research questions were raised and answered. The result showed that causes of strike action in selected higher institutions include non-payment of teacher’s salaries, low responds to problems confronting schools among others, problems of strike action in selected higher institutions include production of half-baked graduates, youth involvement in secret cult, widespread of examination malpractice, causes of deviant behavior in selected higher institutions include parental neglect, drug addiction, high level of poverty among others and problems of deviant behavior in selected higher institutions include incessant strike action, widespread of examination malpractice, prevalence of teenage pregnancy among others. Given these findings, the study recommended that school counselors should identify deviant behaviors and counsel adolescents on how it can be prevented and that Government should deem it fit to respond to the yearnings and aspirations of the workers in terms of quick payment of their salaries and other emoluments.

scholarly journals THE CONCEPT OF BUILDING OF ECONOMIC ENSURING POLICY THE COMPETITIVENESS OF INNOVATIVE BUSINESSES IS FORMED AT THE MACRO AND MICRO LEVELS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iryna Zrybnieva
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
Marketing Orientation ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Long Run ◽  
High Level ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Market Relations

With the development of market relations, growing uncertainty and risk, the high level of competitiveness of the enterprise largely depends on the level of its innovation activity. In this article the author described the factors influencing the formation of the competitive potential of the subjects of innovative entrepreneurship, carried out their classification. In his opinion, the competitiveness of innovative entrepreneurs depends primarily on the economic situation achieved through economic strategy (policy). The economic policy of ensuring the competitiveness of the subjects of innovative entrepreneurship is formed both at the macroeconomic and microeconomic level. At each level of management requires a special organizational and economic approach that ensures the transformation of available resources into competitive advantages through the use of certain competencies. The author concludes that the achievement of competitive advantages in the market in the future and high competitiveness of the enterprise in the long run are possible due to efficient use of resource potential, high strategic opportunities to reproduce resource potential, strategic marketing orientation of the product offer. With the growth of the dynamics of competitiveness of the studied subject of innovative entrepreneurship, it is necessary to determine its position in the internal environment, ie to identify how the current ability to compete corresponds to the opportunities present in the external environment. With declining dynamics (as an option – the lack of dynamics), including those obtained in the current assessment of competitiveness, it is necessary to first identify the reasons for the decline in the competitiveness of the subject of innovative entrepreneurship. Given that the assessment of competitiveness integrates three key aspects, the reasons, respectively, can be social, economic or technological in nature (or be characterized by a combination of them). Competitiveness as an internal mechanism of effective activity of an economic entity transforms the market into a system of factors influencing the process of competition, thereby forming competitiveness in the field of a separate competitive field.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF THE LAW VALUES TO OVERCOME LEGAL NIGILISM

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
Social Value ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Potential Strength ◽  
Objective Property ◽  
High Level

The article substantiates the idea that in the process of the formation and development of the foundations of a civil society and the rule of law, legal nihilism continues showing to a certain extent its potential and thus inhibiting progressive legal changes. Attention is focused on the peculiarities of the stability of legal nihilism and the problems of its gradual overcoming. It is emphasized in the offered article the importance of the law values priority, of the legal ideal, of the principle of social justice in the process of eradicating the manifestations of legal nihilism in the relevant areas of society life activity and personality. The authors came to the following conclusion: Values of law is a phenomenon of objective property, to be based on the ideas of the natural law, arising from the fact of human existence and directed exclusively to a person, to his rights and needs. Value entity of law really manifests itself only under operating conditions of civil society and legal state, recognising a person, his rights and freedoms as the highest social value. Legal nihilism begins losing its potential strength only when the majority of members of civil society recognize the priority of values of law. Confrontation of values of law and legal nihilism decisively narrows the scope of negative legal phenomena in all forms of their manifestation. Basing on the values of law, civil society institutions can solve problems being in the field of interests and needs of each person, so creating favourable conditions to eradicate legal nihilism. Using the truly valuable potential of law (first of all, legal law), civil society and legal state carry out transformations that ensure decent existence of any individual and by this minimizing the manifestation of legal nihilism. Even with a sufficiently high level of development of civil society and legal state, the practical negative attitude to legal nihilism should not weaken, because in the face of any social and legal reality, various offenses (including serious crimes) can be committed. Overcoming legal nihilism is associated with constant increase in the level of legal awareness and legal culture of the majority of members of civil society, which is a consequence of the following conclusions. Values of law is a phenomenon of objective property, based on the ideas of natural law, arising from the fact of a person’s existence and directed exclusively to a person, his rights and needs. The value essence of law really manifests itself only in the conditions of the functioning of civil society and the rule of law, recognize a person, his rights and freedoms as the highest social value. Legal nihilism begins to lose gradually its potential strength only when the majority of members of civil society recognize the priority of the values of law. The confrontation of the values of law and legal nihilism decisively narrows the scope of negative legal phenomena in all forms of their manifestation. Based on the values of law, civil society institutions can solve problems that are in the field of interests and needs of each person, which creates favourable conditions for the eradication of legal nihilism. Using the truly valuable potential of law (first of all, legal laws), civil society and the rule of law carry out those transformations that ensure the worthy existence of the individual and thereby minimize the manifestation of legal nihilism. Even with a sufficiently high level of development of civil society and legal law any negative attitude to legal nihilism should not be weaken, since in the conditions of any social and legal reality, various offenses (including serious crimes) can be committed. Overcoming legal nihilism is associated with permanent increase in the level of legal awareness and legal culture of the majority of civil society members which is a consequence of increase of quality of legal education and upbringing.

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