scholarly journals Anika Stroganov and russia n regional art of the 16th century

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (04) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
S. Voroshin
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Character Traits ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Art Patronage ◽  
Industrial Activities ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Figures ◽  
The Family ◽  
Material Capital

The article is devoted to the study of the personality of Anika Fedorovich Stroganov, the entrepreneur and philanthropist, who formed the foundations of the conduct of commercial and industrial affairs, ktitor and art patronage activities of the dynasty. To understand the factors that influenced his worldview and were reflected in the art of the Late Middle Ages, the author chose the theory of identity, which determines the involvement of a person in certain areas of culture. In the course of the study, the author identified historical figures who, by their example, influenced the formation and development of Anika Fedorovich. The author make an attempt to identified those character traits that led to the success of the family not only in commercial and industrial activities, but also in the patronage of art. The material capital and spiritual baggage formed by Anika Stroganov became the foundation for the prosperity and cultural development of many subsequent generations. The article reveals preconditions of humanistic ideals, characteristic of subsequent representatives of the dynasty and who found their expression in the art they support.

The Emergence of Subjectivity in the Ancient and Medieval World

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Philosophical Anthropology ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Western Civilization ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Cultures

This work represents a combination of different genres: cultural history, philosophical anthropology, and textbook. It follows a handful of different but interrelated themes through more than a dozen texts that were written over a period of several millennia. By means of an analysis of these texts, this work presents a theory about the development of Western Civilization from antiquity to the Middle Ages. The main line of argument traces the various self-conceptions of the different cultures as they developed historically. These self-conceptions reflect different views of what it is to be human. The thesis is that in these we can discern the gradual emergence of what we today call inwardness, subjectivity and individual freedom. As human civilization took its first tenuous steps, it had a very limited conception of the individual. Instead, the dominant principle was that of the wider group: the family, clan or people. Only in the course of history did the idea of what we know as individuality begin to emerge. It took millennia for this idea to be fully recognized and developed. The conception of human beings as having a sphere of inwardness and subjectivity subsequently had a sweeping impact on all aspects of culture, such as philosophy, religion, law, and art. Indeed, this conception largely constitutes what is today referred to as modernity. It is easy to lose sight of the fact that this modern conception of human subjectivity was not simply something given but rather the result of a long process of historical and cultural development.

„Im Namen Gottes des Allmächtigen!“

2016 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Winzeler
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Religious Discrimination ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Federal Constitution ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Swiss Confederation ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract„In the Name of God the Almighty!“, Swiss constitutional law on religions - balancing and apeacing in historic tradition. From the 16th century onwards, the Reformation and its consequences have influenced the development of the Swiss Confederation. During the late Middle Ages, the Confederation had been struggling to find its way as a system of treaties within a growing number of Cantons. The Reformation divided the Cantons in two ‚camps‘, both trying to defeat each other on the battlefield, which resulted in four successive Peace Treaties (‚Landfriedensbünde‘). 1847 there was a last civil war between the conservative or catholic ‚camp‘ and the liberal or protestant majority. From 1848 until 1973, the Federal Constitution contained discriminations against catholics, including a probihition of the Jesuits. In 2009, under changed circumstances, a new religious discrimination was introduced into the Constitution: the ban on minarets. Islam is now making a way through Swiss history comparable to that of Catholicism in the 19th century. Yet the law of the Cantons, developed over the centuries, provides for adequate instruments to cope with the challenges of the 21st century.

scholarly journals Later Echoes of the So-called Kniazheskii Izbornik in Old Slavic Literatures

Slovene ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-297
Author(s):  
Anissava Miltenova
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
John Chrysostom ◽  
Romanian Orthodox Church ◽  
Slavia Orthodoxa ◽  
Romanian Orthodox

There is a proposition in palaeoslavistics that the reconstructed prototype of the Izbornik of 1076 is a composition designated as the Kniazheskii Izbornik, which originated from the time of the Bulgarian Tsar Peter (927–969). This article presents an overview of the contents of three manuscripts, which are copies of texts in the so-called Kniazheskii Izbornik: No. 162 from the collection of the Moscow Theological Academy, from the 15th century, Russian origin; No. 189 from the collection of the Hilandar Monastery and which is composed of two parts: Part 1 from the beginning of the 17th century, probably written by a copyist from Moldavia, and Part 2 from 1684, Russian in origin; and No. 280 (333) from the collection of St. Synod of the Romanian Orthodox Church, 15th–16th century, Moldavian in origin. There are suggestions for primary sources of these manuscripts, and the article considers the paths by which texts identical to the Kniazheskii Izbornik found their way into miscellanies in the Late Middle Ages. The three miscellanies under discussion are important witnesses of the paraenetic literature in the earliest period of the Slavia Orthodoxa, which integrated homilies of John Chrysostom, question and answers, interpretations of the Scripture, wise sayings, narration, and apophthegmata from the Paterikon and fragments of the Kniazheskii Izbornik.

scholarly journals Le reintegre o platee dei Sanseverino di Bisignano: diritti e prelievo signorile nella Calabria settentrionale (secolo XV - prima metà del XVI)

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-151
Author(s):  
Riccardo Berardi
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Political System ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
History Of

The aim of this paper is to reassess the history of the Sanseverino family, princes of Bisignano in Calabria in the Late Middle Ages; by focusing on a specific and unpublished source: the so-called “reintegre or platee” as written in the first half of the 16th century. These are public sources mostly enlisting properties and benefits; they serve the purpose of re-possessing the privileges taken from the princes themselves over the previous century. The paper will therefore focus not only on the management and character of the seigneurial landholdings but also on the reconstruction of both the local networks of power exerted on the population and the local political system. It will shed new light on the still debated historiographical issue centered on the seigneurial authority in southern Italy by assessing its local rooting and pervasiveness since the 14th century.

scholarly journals Features of the Socio-Cultural Development of Syria from Ancient Times to the Early XX Century

2018 ◽  
pp. 37-51
Author(s):  
I. Vietrynskyi
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Cultural Transformations ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Syrian Arab Republic ◽  
Ancient Times

In order to determine the fundamental factors that have become the foundation of modern conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic the early stages of formation and development of the state on the territoryof modern-day Syria are analyzed. These processes are discussed in the context of socio-cultural transformations in the Middle East. The features of development of Syria in ancient times are also discussed, as well as Syrian role and place in international political processes of the early and late Middle Ages. The features of the socio-political situation in Syria, during its tenure as a part of the Arab Caliphate are considered, at the same time are the aspects of religious factors influencing the formation of Arab national identity as well as national identity of the Syrian in particular are analyzed. The specific character of development of Syria in Modern history, particularly in the context of regional dominance of the Ottoman Empire are determined.

scholarly journals Review of Mapping the 'I'

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. R27-R30
Author(s):  
Sarah Herbe
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Life Writing ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
The Family ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Phd Theses

The volume Mapping the ‘I’: Research on Self-Narratives in Germany and Switzerland deserves attention in a journal on European Life Writing: it makes results of research projects, book projects, articles originally published in German (and in one case, Italian) as well as MA and PhD theses conducted in Switzerland and Germany accessible to a wider, non-German speaking academic community. The essays, all of them written by historians, cover a wide field of self-narratives written in Germany and Switzerland (though not necessarily in German), with a temporal range from the late Middle Ages to the late nineteenth century. They address such diverse genres as the family book, courtly correspondence or suicide notes. This article was submitted to the European Journal of Life Writing on 2 September 2015 and published on 15 December 2015.

scholarly journals Keramičke čaše s varaždinskog Staroga grada

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Šimek
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Local Production ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

In the course of 2006, the Archaeology Department of Varaždin Town Museum conducted the first major archaeological excavations of the outer fortification structures of the Old Town (Stari Grad). During the excavation of the northern and western wet ditches, dug in the course of the 16th century at the time of the large Renaissance modernisation of the mediaeval fort, numerous and various archaeological artefacts were collected. The artefacts were damaged and unusable, and had been thrown into the water of the defence ditch as useless rubbish. Simple conical glasses were identified among the large quantity of various pieces of ceramic crockery. These form one of the categories of tableware: drinking vessels. In an analysis of finds unearthed in this campaign, thirteen glasses of the same type have been identified. Although they differ in certain details, they still represent a recognisable typological category and are classified as simple conical glasses. Their stratigraphic location, as well as a comparison with known specimens from other sites dates the glasses to the Late Middle Ages and the 15th century, with their possible use also at the beginning of the 16th century. Given their simple workmanship, modest decoration and mass production, they indicate local production, and their use is associated with members of lower social classes inside the feudal fortifications.

scholarly journals Income and working time of a Fencing Master in Bologna in the 15th and early 16th century

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-176
Author(s):  
Alessandro Battistini ◽  
Niki Corradetti
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Primary Goods ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Since ancient times, the master-at-arms profession has always been considered essential for the education of the nobility and the common citizenship, especially in the Middle Ages. Yet, we know nothing about the real standard of living of these characters. The recent discovery of documents, which report the sums earned by fencing masters to teach combat disciplines, has brought us the possibility to estimate how highly this profession was regarded, and what its actual economic value was in the Italian late Middle Ages. They also give us also a material view into the modes of operation of a sala d’arme in those times. Using different comparative methods based on the quoted currencies, primary goods and the cost of living, it was possible to analyze prices and duration of various military teachings offered by the fencing Masters in the late Middle Ages and equivalent viable activities of the time. We use three ways to calculate equivalent income levels in euros: from the silver content of the coins (bolognini, equivalent to the soldo); from purchasing power in relation to bread prices; and from equivalent wages. As a result we were able to define more accurately both the accessibility of these services for citizens and the relative value to other professions. This cursory research study also aims to estimate approximately the current equivalent wages of a fencing master operating in the Italian peninsula in the 15th and early 16th century, confirming that this job was comparable to a modern, highly specialized, profession.

scholarly journals ON POPULARIZATION OF SCIENTIFIC EDUCATION IN ITALY BETWEEN 12TH AND 16TH CENTURY

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-101
Author(s):  
Raffaele Pisano ◽  
Paolo Bussotti
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Education ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Mathematical Reasoning ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Advanced Mathematics ◽  
Scientific Education ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
The Social

Mathematics education is also a social phenomenon because it is influenced both by the needs of the labour market and by the basic knowledge of mathematics necessary for every person to be able to face some operations indispensable in the social and economic daily life. Therefore the way in which mathematics education is framed changes according to modifications of the social environment and know–how. For example, until the end of the 20th century, in the Italian faculties of engineering the teaching of mathematical analysis was profound: there were two complex examinations in which the theory was as important as the ability in solving exercises. Now the situation is different. In some universities there is only a proof of mathematical analysis; in others there are two proves, but they are sixth–month and not annual proves. The theoretical requirements have been drastically reduced and the exercises themselves are often far easier than those proposed in the recent past. With some modifications, the situation is similar for the teaching of other modern mathematical disciplines: many operations needing of calculations and mathematical reasoning are developed by the computers or other intelligent machines and hence an engineer needs less theoretical mathematics than in the past. The problem has historical roots. In this research an analysis of the phenomenon of “scientific education” (teaching geometry, arithmetic, mathematics only) with respect the methods used from the late Middle Ages by “maestri d’abaco” to the Renaissance humanists, and with respect to mathematics education nowadays is discussed. Particularly the ways through which mathematical knowledge was spread in Italy between late Middle ages and early Modern age is shown. At that time, the term “scientific education” corresponded to “teaching of mathematics, physics”; hence something different from what nowadays is called science education, NoS, etc. Moreover, the relationships between mathematics education and civilization in Italy between the 12th and the 16th century is also popularized within the Abacus schools and Niccolò Tartaglia. These are significant cases because the events connected to them are strictly interrelated. The knowledge of such significant relationships between society, mathematics education, advanced mathematics and scientific knowledge can be useful for the scholars who are nowadays engaged in mathematics education research. Key words: Abacus schools, mathematics education, science & society, scientific education, Tartaglia

scholarly journals Between Religion and Economics: Towards a Shift of Paradigm in Early Modern Economic Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. p79
Author(s):  
Eleonora Belligni
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Family Economy ◽  
Counter Reformation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

At the beginning of the early modern age, philosophers, religious and political thinkers writing on economics had to deal with categories that were still based on the religious certainties of the medieval West, and with a paradigm built on Aristotelian dialectic between oikos (the family economy) and chrèmata (wealth). From this frame, articulated and innovative investigations on the contemporary economic world were born in the late Middle Ages of Europe: but up until the late seventeenth century, at least, the Aristotelian paradigm remained a rigid cage for most of the writers. Yet, both the impact of some theoretical work on the relationship between religion and economy, and some significant changing in European scenario started to break this cage. Evidence of a shifting of paradigm could be detected even in Counter-Reformation authors like the Italian Giovanni Botero.

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