scholarly journals Pilarisasi Lempung Dengan Al/Cr sebagai Adsorben Minyak Sisa Pakai

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Tiska Eva Triandhani ◽  
Taslimah Taslimah ◽  
Sriyanti Sriyanti
Keyword(s):  
Basal Spacing ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Minyak goreng yang digunakan berulang kali dapat mengakibatkan kerusakan minyak. Salah satu solusi untuk menanganinya ialah dengan metode adsorpsi. Lempung terpilar Al/Cr telah dibuat sebagai adsorben minyak sisa pakai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan suhu optimum kalsinasi pada pemilaran lempung dengan Al/Cr dan menentukan kualitas minyak sisa pakai berdasarkan bilangan asam dan bilangan peroksida. Karakterisasi lempung terpilar menggunakan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Selanjutnya daya adsorpsi lempung terpilar terhadap minyak sisa pakai diukur menggunakan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Uji kualitas minyak dilakukan berdasarkan penentuan bilangan asam dan bilangan peroksida sesuai syarat mutu minyak goreng yaitu SNI 01-3741-2013. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, pemilaran lempung Al/Cr dapat meningkatkan basal spacing. Lempung terpilar Al/Cr dengan suhu kalsinasi 400°C memiliki basal spacing terbesar yaitu fraksi ringan 18,84 Å dan fraksi berat 16,53 Å. Kemampuan lempung terpilar Al/Cr untuk adsorpsi minyak sisa pakai memiliki daya serap besar pada suhu kalsinasi 400°C  yaitu pada fraksi berat 9,16 % dan fraksi ringan 6,28 %. Lempung terpilar Al/Cr mampu menurunkan bilangan asam dan bilangan peroksida, bahwa semakin lama waktu kontak adsorpsi bilangan asam dan bilangan peroksida semakin menurun. Kata Kunci : Lempung terpilar Al/Cr, minyak sisa pakai, bilangan asam, bilangan         peroksida 

scholarly journals Isoterma dan Termodinamika Adsorpsi Kation Cu2+ Fasa Berair pada Lempung Cengar Terpilar

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Syaiful Bahri ◽  
Muhdarina Muhdarina ◽  
Nurhayati Nurhayati ◽  
Fitri Andiyani
Keyword(s):  
Gibbs Energy ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Atmospheric Condition ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Pillared Clays ◽  
Basal Spacing ◽  
New Mineral ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Clay Suspension ◽  
X Ray

Pillared Cengar clay have been synthesized by two methods, first clay suspension is directly mixed into aqueous solution of hydroxy-aluminum polycations (WK) and second by mixing the clay suspension into the solution of sodium acetate and hydroxy-aluminumpolycations (SAK) sequentially. Both clays were calcined in air on atmospheric condition. Diffraction pola, surface morphology and cationexchange capacity of the pillared clays were characterized using X Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) andvisible spectrophotometry methods, respectively. The pillared clays showed increases of basal spacing from 3.57 Å to 4.55 Å and smectiteas a new mineral. Morphology of SAK has more heterogeneous surface with small plates and agglomeration of grains compare with WKwhich small plates. Adsorption of aqueous cation of Cu 2+ were studied on various variables of initial concentration as well as temperatures.As the result, adsorption of cation Cu 2+ on pillared Cengar clay is corresponding to Freundlich isotherm, while the adsorption capacity ofWK on cation Cu 2+ is slightly lower than SAK. The thermodynamic aspect, the WK is reflected possessed exothermic processes withnegative entropy, increased in Gibbs energy and non spontaneous, while the SAK possessed endothermic processes having positive entropy,decreased in Gibbs energy and non spontaneous.

scholarly journals The Amounts of Water Adsorbed to the Surface of Clay Minerals at the Plastic Limit

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Gorączko ◽  
Andrzej Olchawa
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
External Surface ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Water System ◽  
Basal Spacing ◽  
Plastic Limit ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
External Surface Area ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Water Layers

AbstractThe paper presents results of a study on the amount of water associated with the solid phase of the clay water system at the plastic limit. Two model monomineral clays, namely kaolinite, and montmorillonite, were used in the study. The latter was obtained by gravitational sedimentation of Na-bentonite (Wyoming).The calculated mean number of water molecule layers on the external surface of montmorillonite was 14.4, and water in interlayer spaces constituted 0.3 of the water mass at the plastic limit.The number of water layers on the external surface of kaolinite particles was 63, which was related to the higher density of the surface electrical charge of kaolinite compared to that of montmorillonite.The calculations were made on the basis of the external surface area of clays and the basal spacing at the plastic limit measured by an X-ray diffraction test. The external surface area of clays was estimated by measuring sorption at a relative humidity p/p0 = 0.5.

Synthesis of Magnetic Modified Organobentonite as Adsorbent for Degradation of Orange II

2013 ◽  
Vol 838-841 ◽  
pp. 2306-2309
Author(s):  
Guang Hua Wang ◽  
Kun Chen ◽  
Wen Bing Li ◽  
Dong Wan ◽  
Qin Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Basal Spacing ◽  
Orange Ii ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Scanning Electron

Magnetic modified organobentonite (Fe3O4/CTAB–Bent) was synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method in which CTAB–Bent was firstly achieved via ion–exchange.The composite materials have been characterized by powder X–ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) . The results revealed that basal spacing of bentonite was increased through organic modification and the Fe3O4 particles synthesized which covering the surfaces of bentonite .Compared with natural bentonite, the adsorption capacity of Fe3O4/CTAB–Bent for Orange II was greatly enhanced and can be easily separated from the reaction medium by an external magnetic field after the treatment.

Influence of Exchanged Surfactant on the Structure and Adsorption Properties of Brazilian Green Mud Clay

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 1473-1478
Author(s):  
Mariaugusta Ferreira Mota ◽  
Fabricio Machado ◽  
Meiry Glaúcia Freire Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Basal Spacing ◽  
Natural Clay ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dimethyl Benzyl ◽  
Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium ◽  
Green Clay

This work presents an experimental study focusing on the preparation and characterization of modified natural green clay-mud with quaternary ammonium salts of chloride and alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (Dodigen) and dimethyl stearyl ammonium chloride (Praepagen). X ray Diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and expansion tests (adsorption capacity and Foster swelling) measurements were performed in order to evaluate the performance of the ion exchange reactions and the degree of affinity with oil products. It is observed an increasing in the XRD basal spacing of the modified clays (1.96 nm and 2.25 nm for Praepagen and Dodigen salts, respectively) in comparison to the observed value (1.56 nm) for the natural clay. The IR results showed that salts were successfully incorporated to natural clay structure. Based on the expansion tests the organoclays presented the best efficiency independent on the kind of solvent used in comparison with the natural clay performance.

Isomerization of α-Pinene over Alumina-Pillared Montmorillonite

2013 ◽  
Vol 746 ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Quan Yao ◽  
Lin Hua Zhu ◽  
Jin Yang ◽  
Tian Si
Keyword(s):  
Basal Spacing ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pillared Montmorillonite ◽  
Catalytic Isomerization ◽  
Optimum Reaction

In this work, the liquid phase catalytic isomerization of α-pinene over alumina-pillared montmorillonitewas investigated, and the influence of reaction temperature, reaction time and amount of the catalyston the conversion of α-pinenewere discussed systematically, and the optimum reaction conditions forisomerization of α-pineneover alumina-pillared montmorillonitewere obtained. The basal spacing of thealumina-pillared montmorillonite was characterized by X-ray diffraction, and the liquid reactant was separated and identified by gas chromatography. The result showed that alumina-pillared montmorillonite with 1.83nm of basal spacing exhibited a high catalytic activity for the isomerization of α-pinene, and 97.4% conversion of α-pinene was achievedat 373K for 3hwhen the mass ratio of catalyst to α-pinene was 1/10.

Changes in kaolinite, vermiculite, and smectite clays after adsorption by hydroxy-chromium species

Soil Research ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Volzone
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Basal Spacing ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Octahedral Sheet ◽  
Chromium Species ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Micropore Surface Area ◽  
Smectite Clays ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Kaolinite, vermiculite, and montmorillonites were treated with solutions containing hydroxy-chromium (OH-Cr) species. The OH-Cr solution was prepared by adding 0·2 М NaOH to 0·1 М chromium nitrate solution and allowing the solution to stand at 60°C for 1 day. The samples were characterised by chemical analyses, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, and X-ray diffraction. The textural and structural behaviours of kaolinite, vermiculite, and the montmorillonites were analysed in the original samples and after treatment with the polymeric OH-Cr species. The montmorillonites showed higher retention of chromium (19·20%), higher basal spacing (2·06 nm), and higher micropore surface area (276 m2/g) than the vermiculite (3·70%, 1·49 nm, 13 m2/g) and kaolinite (1·15%, 0·73 nm, ~1 m2/g) clays after treatment with the OH-Cr species. In contrast, the external surface area increased from 6 to 9 m2/g for kaolinite and from 18 to 24 m2/g for vermiculite, and decreased from 7 to 4 m2/g for montmorillonite after treatment with the OH-Cr solution. The residual chromium, basal spacing, and texture of the clays after treatment with the OH-Cr species were primarily related to the magnitude of the negative charge originating from the octahedral sheet.

Preparation of Highly Exfoliated Epoxy/Clay Nanocomposites by the Method of Ultrasonication Dispersion-Microwave Cure

2011 ◽  
Vol 418-420 ◽  
pp. 670-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Yan Wang ◽  
Shi Yang Zhou ◽  
Zhen Jiang ◽  
Xiao Qing Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Microwave Energy ◽  
Basal Spacing ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Layered Clay

A new ultrasonication dispersion – microwave cure (UD-MC) method for preparing highly exfoliated layered epoxy/clay nanocomposites was developed. The process was divided into two consecutive stages. In the first stage, the epoxy and organoclay were mixed by high stirring and ultrasonication in the presence of acetone. In the second stage, the mixture of epoxy and organoclay was cured with microwave of 400W and postcured at 135°C. The microstructure of the nanocomposites was characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicated that the basal spacing of the organoclay particles in the epoxy/clay mixture was significantly enlarged, up to around 75Å afther the ultrasonic treatment. The layered clay was highly exfoliated under the microwave energy; and the basal spacing of nanolayers was more than 90Å.

Carbon Dioxide Retention on Bentonite Clay Adsorbents Modified by Mono-, Di- and Triethanolamine Compounds

2014 ◽  
Vol 917 ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali E.I. Elkhalifah ◽  
Mohammad Azmi Bustam ◽  
Mohd Shariff Azmi ◽  
T. Murugesan
Keyword(s):  
Molar Mass ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Magnetic Suspension ◽  
Basal Spacing ◽  
Loading Capacity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inverse Effect ◽  
Increasing Temperature

A series of organic-inorganic hybrids were developed via intercalation process of primary, secondary and tertiary ammonium cations into different alkali and alkaline earth and transition metal cation forms of bentonite clay to be used as adsorbent materials for CO2capture under ambient temperature and slightly high pressure. The effect of the molar mass of amines on the structural characteristics, surface properties and CO2loading capacity of bentonite clay were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method and Magnetic Suspension Balance equipment, respectively. X-ray diffraction results revealed that the basal spacing of bentonite clay after modification with amines was increased with the molar mass of amine used, while BET results showed an inverse effect of the molar mass of amines on the surface area of the synthesized materials. The CO2loading capacity of the examined samples revealed that bentonite clay modified with monoethanolammonium cations retained higher CO2amount compared to those modified with di-and triethanolammonium cations. CO2adsorption isotherms on MEA+-Mg-MMT were conducted at 298, 323 and 348 K and different pressures. A decrease in CO2uptake with increasing temperature was observed, suggesting the exothermic nature of the adsorption process.

scholarly journals Characterisation of Natural and HDTMA-Br Modified Dijah-Monkin Bentonite Clay: FTIR, XRF, XRD and SEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 2010-2018
Author(s):  
Olukayode Gideon Oloyede ◽  
◽  
Umar Omeiza Aroke ◽  
Saidat Olanipekun Giwa ◽  
Alexander Asanja Jock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Basal Spacing ◽  
Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Acid Activation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
North East ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this study, Dijah-Monkin bentonite clay was modified with a cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA-Br) at the level of twice the cation exchange capacity (CEC). This process results in the development of hydrophobic organoclay with an improved adsorption capacity. The clay obtained from Zing LGA Taraba State, North-East Nigeria, was beneficiated and pulverised to a particle size of 125 µm. The modification was performed without acid activation to prevent damages to the clay’s crystal structure. The organoclay was characterised for chemical composition, functional groups, mineralogical and surface morphology using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The XRD showed an increase in the basal spacing from 15.681Å to 17.758 Å, while the XRF revealed a 5.35% concentration of Br on the modified clay, indicating successful intercalation. The FTIR spectra also revealed the appearance of symmetric and asymmetric stretching bands at 2847.7cm-1 and 2914.8cm-1, respectively, as a consequence of the modification, resulting in more sites for adsorption.

scholarly journals Variasi Jarak Antar Layer Bentonit Pada Pembuatan Nanokomposit Pla-Bentonit Sebagai Kemasan Makanan

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
Vita Wonoputri ◽  
Natasha Emanuella ◽  
Evelyn Angelica ◽  
Johnner Sitompul
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Basal Spacing ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Octadecyl Amine

In this study, bentonite was used as a filler in the synthesis of polylactic acid (PLA) nanocomposite. The mechanical property of PLA-Bentonite nanocomposite was treated using two different surfactants, namely octadecyl amine (ODA) and trimethyl stearyl ammonium chloride (TSC) at two different concentration (20 mmol and 40 mmol). The treatments of ODA and TSC in the matrix with regards to the basal spacing of bentonite stacks  measured by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results showed a significant increase in basal spacing was obtained when TSC 40 was applied for treatment. Data of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) suggested that this increase was caused by the incorporation of surfactant into the bentonite stacks. Most of the PLA-Bentonite nanocomposite can form intercalation structure, while a sample containing TSC 40 formed exfoliation structure. This exfoliation structure resulted in a film with the best tensile strength and water vapor permeability compared to the others. The film containing TSC 40 showed the lowest reduction in water activity, almost similar to the bread sample wrapped using conventional plastic. The bread wrapped with TSC 40 film was not grown by fungi as opposed to the conventional plastic, showing the potential of the nanocomposite film as food packaging.

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