scholarly journals Pengaruh Temperatur, Konsentrasi Katalis Dan Rasio Molar Metanol-Minyak Terhadap Yield Biodisel Dari Minyak Goreng Bekas Melalui Proses Netralisasi-Transesterifikasi

METANA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Antonius Prihanto ◽  
T.A. Bambang Irawan
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Variation ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Process Condition ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Concentration Variation ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pembuatan biodisel dari minyak goreng bekas melalui proses netralisasi-transesterifikasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji pengaruh temperatur terhadap yield biodiesel, pengaruh konsentrasi katalis terhadap yield biodiesel dan pengaruh rasio molar methanol-minyak goreng bekas terhadap yield biodiesel melalui proses netralisasi dan transesterifikasi. Untuk mendapatkan kondisi proses transesterifikasi terbaik, maka dikaji pengaruh variasi suhu (30 oC, 40 oC, 50 oC, 60 oC, 70 oC), variasi konsentrasi katalis KOH (0,75 %, 1 %, 1,25 %, 1,5 %, 1,75 %) dan rasio molar metanol-minyak (6:1; 7:1; 8:1; 9:1; 10:1) terhadap yield biodiesel yang dihasilkan dari minyak goreng bekas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada rasio 6 : 1, konsentrasi katalis KOH 1 % pada suhu 60 oC mengahasilkan yield biodiesel maksimal sebesar 87,3 %. Effect of Temperature, Catalyst Concentration and Methanol-Oil Molar Ratio Against Biodiesel Yield from Used Cooking Oil Through Neutralization Transesterification ProcessA research has been conducted on the making of biodiesel from used cooking oil through a neutralization-transesterification process. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of temperature on biodiesel yield, the effect of catalyst concentration on biodiesel yield and the effect of molar ratio of methanol to used biodiesel yield through neutralization and transesterification process. To obtain the best transesterification process condition, the effect of temperature variation (30 oC, 40 oC, 50 oC, 60 oC, 70 oC), KOH catalyst concentration variation (0.75%, 1%, 1.25%, 1,5 %, 1.75%) and the molar ratio of methanol-oil (6: 1; 7: 1; 8: 1; 9: 1; 10: 1) to the yield of biodiesel produced from used cooking oil. The results showed at a ratio of 6: 1, the concentration of 1% KOH catalyst at 60 ° C resulted in a maximum biodiesel yield of 87.3%.

scholarly journals Konsentrasi Katalis dan Suhu Optimum pada Reaksi Esterifikasi menggunakan Katalis Zeolit Alam Aktif (ZAH) dalam Pembuatan Biodiesel dari Minyak Jelantah

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Kartika ◽  
Senny Widyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Directorate General

Transesterification of waste cooking oil into biodiesel using KOH catalyst with and without esterification process usingactivated natural zeolite (ZAH) catalyst has been carried out. Activation of the zeolite was done by refluxing with HCl 6Mfor 30 min, followed calcining and oxydized at 500oC for 2 hours, consecutively. The transesterification without esterificationprocess were done using KOH catalyst 1% (w/w) from oil and methanol weight and oil/methanol molar ratio 1:6 at 60oC. Theesterification reaction was also done using ZAH catalyst then continued by transesterification using KOH catalyst inmethanol media. In order to study the effect of ZAH catalyst concentration at constant temperature, the catalysts werevaried, i.e. 0, 1, 2, and 3% (w/w). To investigate the effect of temperature, the experiments were done at various temperaturefrom 30, 45, 60, and 70oC at constant catalyst concentration. The conversion of biodiesel was determined by 1H-NMRspectrometer and physical properties of biodiesel were determined using ASTM standard methods. The results showedthat the transesterification using KOH catalyst without esterification produced biodiesel conversion of 53.29%. The optimumcondition of biodiesel synthesis via esterification process were reached at 60oC and concentration of ZAH catalyst of2% (w/w), that could give biodiesel conversion = 100.00%. The physical properties were conformed with biodiesel ASTM2003b and Directorate General of Oil and Gas 2006 specification.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature and Concentration of Zeolite Catalysts from Geothermal Solid Waste in Biodiesel Production from Used Cooking Oil by Esterification–Transesterification Process

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1629
Author(s):  
Luqman Buchori ◽  
W. Widayat ◽  
Oki Muraza ◽  
Muhamad Iqbal Amali ◽  
Rahma Wulan Maulida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Zeolite Catalyst ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Zeolite Catalysts ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Before And After

The production of biodiesel using zeolite catalysts from geothermal solid waste has been studied. This study aims to make zeolite catalysts as catalysts in biodiesel production, assessing the effect of catalyst concentration, and temperature in the esterification–transesterification process on the biodiesel yield produced. The results showed that the synthesized zeolite catalyst was an analcime zeolite catalyst (Al1.9Na1.86O12Si4). The biodiesel yield of 98.299% with 100% fatty acid alkyl ester (FAAE) content was achieved at a catalyst concentration of 5%wt and a reaction temperature of 300 °C for one-hour reaction time. The yield of biodiesel decreased with repeated catalysts, which experienced morphological changes before and after three usage times. Consequently, in this case, the catalyst cannot be regenerated.

scholarly journals Two-Stage Biodiesel Synthesis from Used Cooking Oil with a High Acid Value via an Ultrasound-Assisted Method

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3703
Author(s):  
Ming-Chien Hsiao ◽  
Wei-Ting Lin ◽  
Wei-Cheng Chiu ◽  
Shuhn-Shyurng Hou
Keyword(s):  
Acid Value ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
High Acid ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Stage Process ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted

In this study, ultrasound was used to accelerate two-stage (esterification–transesterification) catalytic synthesis of biodiesel from used cooking oil, which originally had a high acid value (4.35 mg KOH/g). In the first stage, acid-catalyzed esterification reaction conditions were developed with a 9:1 methanol/oil molar ratio, sulfuric acid dosage at 2 wt %, and a reaction temperature of 60 °C. Under ultrasound irradiation for 40 min, the acid value was effectively decreased from 4.35 to 1.67 mg KOH/g, which was decreased to a sufficient level (<2 mg KOH/g) to avoid the saponification problem for the subsequent transesterification reaction. In the following stage, base-catalyzed transesterification reactions were carried out with a 12:1 methanol/oil molar ratio, a sodium hydroxide dosage of 1 wt %, and a reaction temperature of 65 °C. Under ultrasound-assisted transesterification for 40 min, the conversion rate of biodiesel reached 97.05%, which met the requirement of EN 14214 standard, i.e., 96.5% minimum. In order to evaluate and explore the improvement of the ultrasound-assisted two-stage (esterification–transesterification) process in shortening the reaction time, additional two-stage biodiesel synthesis experiments using the traditional mechanical stirring method under the optimal conditions were further carried out in this study. It was found that, under the same optimal conditions, using the ultrasound-assisted two-stage process, the total reaction time was significantly reduced to only 80 min, which was much shorter than the total time required by the conventional method of 140 min. It is worth noting that compared with the traditional method without ultrasound, the intensification of the ultrasound-assisted two-stage process significantly shortened the total time from 140 min to 80 min, which is a reduction of 42.9%. It was concluded that the ultrasound-assisted two-stage (esterification–transesterification) catalytic process is an effective and time-saving method for synthesizing biodiesel from used cooking oil with a high acid value.

Production of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil via Ultrasonic-Assisted Catalytic System

2014 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 552-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norzita Ngadi ◽  
Lai Nyuk Ma ◽  
Hajar Alias ◽  
Anwar Johari ◽  
Roshanida Abd Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Amount ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Oil ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Transesterification Method ◽  
Percentage Conversion

In this study, production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil (WCO) was carried out via ultrasonic-assisted transesterification method. Calcium oxide (CaO) was used as a catalyst. The effects of methanol to oil molar ratio, reaction temperature and the catalyst amount towards the percentage conversion of oil to biodiesel were investigated. The biodiesel produced was analyzed using GC-FID method. The results obtained showed that 82 % of oil was successfully converted into biodiesel. This indicates that the used oil (WCO) has the potential to be the future source of biodiesel. Catalyst concentration of 3 w/w%, methanol to oil molar ratio of 15:1 and temperature of 65°C are the best condition for the conversion of oil to biodiesel. The result obtained was found out that, methanol to oil molar ratio and catalyst amount has given significant effect on the conversion of oil. However, temperature ranged from (35 to 75) °C apparently, showed no significant effect on percentage conversion of oil.

scholarly journals The Optimization of Ozonolysis Reaction For Synthesis of Biopolyol From Used Palm Cooking Oil

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Edy Purwanto ◽  
Lieke Riadi ◽  
Nathania Tamara I. ◽  
Mellisha Ika K.
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Ozone Concentration ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Optimal Operating ◽  
Optimal Operating Condition ◽  
Hydroxyl Value ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil

Biopolyol is a raw material for synthesis of polyurethanes which is used as thermoset and thermoplastic materials, adhesives, rigid or non-rigid foams and also for coating. The utilization of waste edible oil as feedstock for synthesis of biopolyol has attracted some researchers. However, there is little attention focused on the application of ozone technology for synthesis of biopolyol from used cooking oil through ozonolysis reaction. Response surface methodology was performed to determine the optimal operating condition in the synthesis of biopolyol using ozone and sorbitol as a hydroxyl group source. The influence of input variables such as temperature, reaction time, molar ratio of oil to sorbitol and ozone concentration on hydroxyl value quantified was studied. The optimal condition was determined by high amount of hydroxyl value resulted from response surface method which used the experimental data. The ozonolysis reaction was conducted in a batch reactor equipped with agitator, tube sparger, thermocouple, reflux condenser and potassium iodide trap. Central composite design with four independent variables and one response variable was performed to determine the influence of independent variables on output variable of hydroxyl value of biopolyol. The hydroxyl value of polyol is a quadratic function of molar ratio of oil to methanol and a linear function of reaction temperature. The optimal operating condition was achieved at a temperature of 25℃, a reaction time of 5 hours, molar ratio of used cooking oil to sorbitol is 1:7 and ozone concentration about 4.8%.Keywords: Ozonolysis; Biopolyol; Hydroxyl value; Used cooking oil; Palm oil

scholarly journals Alternative Raw Materials to Produce Biodiesel through Alkaline Heterogeneous Catalysis

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar M. Sánchez Faba ◽  
Gabriel O. Ferrero ◽  
Joana M. Dias ◽  
Griselda A. Eimer
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Absolute Methanol ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil

Recent research focuses on new biodiesel production and purification technologies that seek a carbon-neutral footprint, as well as cheap, renewable and abundant raw materials that do not compete with the demand for food. Then, many attractive alternatives arise due to their availability or low-cost, such as used cooking oil, Jatropha oil (non-edible) or byproducts of vegetable oil refineries. Due to their composition and the presence of moisture, these oils may need a pretreatment to reach the established conditions to be used in the biodiesel production process so that the final product complies with the international quality standards. In this work, a solid catalyst based on 10 wt % sodium oxide supported on mesoporous silica SBA-15, was employed in the transesterification of different feedstocks (commercial sunflower and soybean oil, used cooking oil, acid oil from soapstock and Jatropha hieronymi oil) with absolute methanol in the following reaction conditions—2–8 wt % catalyst, 14:1 methanol to oil molar ratio, 60 °C, vigorous magnetic stirring and 5 h of reaction. In this way, first- and second-generation biodiesel was obtained through heterogeneous catalysis with methyl ester yields between 52 and 97 wt %, depending on the free fatty acid content and the moisture content of the oils.

Experimental Investigation on Variation of FFA in Used Cooking Oil and Optimization of Conversion to Biodiesel

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sriraam Ramanathan Chandrasekaran ◽  
Sumant Avasarala ◽  
Fathima Jalal ◽  
Lima Rose Miranda ◽  
Selva Ilavarasi Paneerselvam
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Process Variable ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Acid And Base

The world is currently dependant on fossil fuels as a fuel source for transportation and fuelling the industrial sector. The increasing awareness of the depletion of fossil fuel resources and the environmental benefits of bio-diesel has made it more attractive in recent times. Many researches are being made to commercialize the production. However the cost of bio-diesel is the major obstacle to its commercialization in comparison to conventional diesel fuels. The objective of this paper is to produce biodiesel from Used cooking oil using a two stage process of acid and base catalyzed Transesterification reaction and optimizing the process variable such as Methanol to oil ratio, Catalyst to oil ratio, Reaction temperature and Reaction time as these process variable has adverse effect on the Transesterification reaction. The optimized parameters gave an yield of about 96%. Also an attempt had been made to examine the effect of temperature, moisture and storage time on the accumulation of free fatty acids in Used cooking oil. The results showed that the triacylglycerides was hydrolysed and the free fatty acid content was raised.

scholarly journals Catalytic Transesterification of Used Cooking Oil to Biodiesel: Effect of Oil-Methanol Molar Ratio and Reaction Time

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diah Ayu ◽  
Rizca Aulyana ◽  
Esti Widya Astuti ◽  
Kusmiyati Kusmiyati ◽  
Nur Hidayati
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Catalyst Surface ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Alkali Activated ◽  
Catalyst Load

Used cooking oil has the potential as biodiesel so that it can reduce environmental pollution. Transesterification of triglycerides in used cooking oil with an alcohol to form methyl esters of fatty acids or biodiesel and glycerol. The type of catalyst is one of the determinants of the transesterification reaction and coal fly ash has the potential to be used as a catalyst in the production of biodiesel. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effect of the oil-methanol ratio and the time of the transesterification of used cooking oil to the yield of biodiesel produced using an alkali-activated fly ash catalyst. Transesterification is carried out at 60 °C, the stirring speed is 700 rpm, and the amount of catalyst load is 4%. The result, the highest yield of biodiesel reached almost 89%. This biodiesel consists of 48.86% methyl oleate and 33.86% methyl palmitate and has a density that meets the Indonesian National Standard, which is 0.85 - 0.90 g/cm3. Finally, the BET test on the fly ash catalyst shows a catalyst surface area of ​​around 104.106 m2/g.

scholarly journals Supermagnetic Nano-Bifunctional Catalyst from Rice Husk: Synthesis, Characterization and Application for Conversion of Used Cooking Oil to Biodiesel

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balkis Hazmi ◽  
Umer Rashid ◽  
Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap ◽  
Mohd Lokman Ibrahim ◽  
Imededdine Arbi Nehdi
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Reaction Duration ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil

The present work investigated the biodiesel production from used cooking oil catalyzed by nano-bifunctional supermagnetic heterogeneous catalysts (RHC/K2O/Fe) derived from rice husk doped with K2O and Fe synthesized by the wet impregnation method. The synthesized catalysts (RHC/K2O/Fe) were characterized for crystallinity by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), total acidity and basicity using CO2/NH3-TPD, textural properties through Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), thermal stability via thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), functional group determination by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), surface morphology through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and magnetic properties by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The VSM result demonstrated that the super-paramagnetic catalyst (RHC/K2O-20%/Fe-5%) could be simply separated and regained after the reaction using an external magnetic field. The operating conditions such as catalyst loading, methanol/oil molar ratio, temperature, and reaction duration were studied. The screened RHC/K2O-20%/Fe-5% catalyst was selected for further optimization and the optimum reaction parameters found were 4 wt % of catalyst, a molar ratio of methanol/oil of 12:1, 4 h reaction duration, and 75 °C reaction temperature with a maximal yield of 98.6%. The reusability study and reactivation results revealed that the nano-bifunctional magnetic catalyst (RHC/K2O-20%/Fe-5%) could be preserved by high catalytic activity even after being reused five times.

scholarly journals Mesoporous Acidic Catalysts Synthesis from Dual-Stage and Rising Co-Current Gasification Char: Application for FAME Production from Waste Cooking Oil

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junaid Ahmad ◽  
Umer Rashid ◽  
Francesco Patuzzi ◽  
Nahla Alamoodi ◽  
Thomas Shean Yaw Choong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Mesoporous Catalyst ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Acidic Catalysts ◽  
Dual Stage

The main purpose of this work is to investigate the application options of the char produced from gasification plants. Two promising mesoporous acidic catalysts were synthesized using char as a support material. Two char samples were collected from either a dual-stage or a rising co-current biomass gasification plant. The catalysts produced from both gasification char samples were characterized for their physiochemical and morphological properties using N2 physorption measurement, total acidity evaluation through TPD-NH3, functional groups analysis by FT-IR, and morphology determination via FESEM. Results revealed that the dual-stage char-derived mesoporous catalyst (DSC-SO4) with higher specific surface area and acidic properties provided higher catalytic activity for fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) production from waste cooking oil (WCO) than the mesoporous catalyst obtained from char produced by rising co-current gasification (RCC-SO4). Furthermore, the effects of methanol/oil molar ratio (3:1–15:1), catalyst concentration (1–5 wt.% of oil), and reaction time (30–150 min) were studied while keeping the transesterification temperature constant at 65 °C. The optimal reaction conditions for the transesterification of WCO were 4 wt.% catalyst concentration, 12:1 methanol/oil molar ratio, and 90 min operating time. The optimized reaction conditions resulted in FAME conversions of 97% and 83% over DSC-SO4 and RCC-SO4 catalysts, respectively. The char-based catalysts show excellent reusability, since they could be reused six times without any modification.

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