scholarly journals Map Projection Education in General Cartography Textbooks: A Content Analysis

2018 ◽  
pp. 6-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fritz Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Programming Languages ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Map Projection ◽  
Map Projections ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Projection Properties ◽  
Mercator Projection ◽  
Recent Developments

As developments in the field of map projections occur (e.g., the deriving of a new map projection), it would be reasonable to expect that those developments that are important from a teaching standpoint would be included in cartography textbooks. However, researchers have not examined whether map projection material presented in cartography textbooks is keeping pace with developments in the field and whether that material is important for cartography students to learn. To provide such an assessment, I present the results of a content analysis of projection material discussed in 24 cartography textbooks published during the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Results suggest that some material, such as projection properties, was discussed in all textbooks across the study period. Other material, such as methods used to illustrate distortion patterns, and the importance of datums, was either inconsistently presented or rarely mentioned. Comparing recent developments in projections to the results of the content analysis, I offer three recommendations that future cartography textbooks should follow when considering what projection material is important. First, textbooks should discuss the importance that defining a coordinate system has in the digital environment. Second, textbooks should summarize the results from experimental studies that provide insights into how map readers understand projections and how to choose appropriate map projections. Third, textbooks should review the impacts of technology on projections, such as the web Mercator projection, programming languages, and the challenges of projecting raster data. 

scholarly journals Given the problem of projection, are heat maps an oxymoron?

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Daniel Strebe
Keyword(s):  
Density Variation ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Continuous Measure ◽  
Area Measure ◽  
Heat Map ◽  
Heat Maps ◽  
Map Projection ◽  
Map Projections ◽  
Mercator Projection

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> With the proliferation of data analysis and visualization tools, we see more and more heat maps. But should we? Are such displays meaningful? At large scales, heat maps need not be controversial (though common tools can blight even simple cases). But what about small-scale maps? Is anyone thinking about the effects of projection on heat maps? How do map projections change the semantics of heat maps? What projections permit meaningful heat maps? How should heat maps be calculated in the presence of a map projection? We explore these problems and questions in this presentation to offer critique and advice.</p><p>For the purposes of this discussion, a heat map is a representation of the density or magnitude of a spatial phenomenon on two dimensions, treating the density or magnitude as a continuous measure whether or not the underlying phenomenon is continuous. If the data are too sparse in the presentation space, then the fiction of continuity ought to be avoided; a heat map would not be an appropriate visualization. While real world examples of heat maps that violate this principle are easy to find, we take the principle for granted and do not elaborate further here.</p><p>Unfortunately, there are several other ways to construct ineffective heat maps. One of the primary offenses is to ignore the effect of map projection on the presentation of density. It should be clear that a projection whose area measure varies widely across the presentation space necessarily distorts density. If the heat map is a presentation of density &amp;ndash; which most are &amp;ndash; then poor choice of projection would contradict the purpose of a heat map. The result would be a blatant fiction. Surprisingly, the Mercator projection often can be found in small scale heat maps, for the reason that the projection is common, is the default in many sets of tooling, and is sometimes the only projection available with the set of map construction tools. And yet, as far as density variation goes, a worse case than Mercator cannot be found among common projections.</p><p>Even if density remains constant across the map, a poor heat map could be generated if the analysis for the heat map mixes phenomenon space, which is geographic, with projected space, which is not. Common tools commit this fallacy. The result is that a phenomenon whose density diminishes radially (for example) from a hot point might show as concentric circles of decreasing intensity on the projected map, whereas we would expect elongations of the heat field in accordance with the projection’s distortion metric.</p><p>We conclude that, while it is possible to construct responsible heat maps of geographic data, there are several pitfalls. Among these pitfalls, we find that common tools conspire to assist in the presentation of fiction instead of fact.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluating Young People’s Area Estimation of Countries and Continents

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lieselot Lapon ◽  
Philippe De Maeyer ◽  
Nina Vanhaeren ◽  
Sarah Battersby ◽  
Kristien Ooms
Keyword(s):  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Map Projection ◽  
Map Projections ◽  
Web Mapping ◽  
Mercator Projection ◽  
The World ◽  
Mental Map ◽  
The Web

For decades, cartographers and cognitive scientists have speculated about the influence of map projections on mental representations of the world. The development of Web 2.0 and web mapping services at the beginning of the 21st century—such as Google Maps, OpenStreetMap, and Baidu Map—led to an enormous spread of cartographic data, which is available to every Internet user. Nevertheless, the cartographic properties of these map services, and, in particular, the selected map projection or the Web Mercator projection, are questionable. The goal of this study is to investigate if the global-scale mental map of young people has been influenced by the increasing availability of web maps and the Web Mercator projection. An application was developed that allowed participants of Belgium and the US to scale the land area of certain countries and continents compared to Europe or the conterminous United States. The results show that the participants’ estimation of the actual land area is quite accurate. Moreover, an indication of the existence of a Mercator effect could not be discovered. To conclude, the young people’s mental map of the world does not appear to be influenced by a specific map projection but by personal characteristics. These elements are varied and require further analysis.

GIS Technologies in Course of Mathematical Cartography

2017 ◽  
Vol 921 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
N.G. Ivlieva ◽  
V.F. Manukhov
Keyword(s):  
Software Tools ◽  
Digital Models ◽  
Map Projection ◽  
Gis Technologies ◽  
Surface Distortion ◽  
Nodal Points ◽  
Projection Properties ◽  
Special Software

GIS are closely related to mathematical cartography, as they work with spatially coordinated data. Practical course in mathematical cartography should meet the requirements of time and include tasks involving the use of modern GIS technologies. The functionality of GIS packages allow you to easily create maps in a given map projection, draw graticules and measured grids, perform dimensions on maps. This article is devoted to the research of map projection properties on the basis of GIS technologies in a practical course of mathematical cartography. The focus is on visual way to display local and regional distortions on maps. To create lines of equal distortion should use special software tools that allow to build digital models of surface distortion distribution directly on formulas or be interpolated both discretely located nodal points and isolines.

scholarly journals Fidelity as Interseriality: The Challenges of Adapting the Québécois Television Series Les Invincibles for Broadcast in France

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Héloise Boudon ◽  
Katharina Niemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
French Canadian ◽  
Television Series ◽  
Adaptation Studies ◽  
Hybrid Format ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Transcultural Adaptation ◽  
Analyse De Contenu

This article takes a closer look at the processes of transcultural adaptation by focusing on the French-Canadian television series Les Invincibles (Radio-Canada, 2005), which was adapted for the French-German cultural channel ARTE in 2010. Based on recent developments in adaptation studies, the authors discuss the question of fidelity as interseriality on two adaptation levels: production process and the diegetic world. Their interest lies in how this example of a multi-faceted, hybrid format impacts upon representations of identities and cultural specificities when it comes to its transcultural adaptation. In-depth, semi-structured, and qualitative interviews with producers and screenwriters are discussed within a content analysis of the episodes as well as a semiotic reflection on aesthetics and narrative aspects.Cet article propose une étude des processus d’adaptation transculturelle en se fondant sur l’analyse de la série québécoise Les Invincibles (Radio Canada, 2005), adaptée pour la chaîne franco-allemande ARTE en 2010. A l’appui des travaux récents dans les domaine des adaptation studies, nous discutons la question de la fidélité en tant qu’intersérialité sur deux niveaux d’adaptation: le processus de production ainsi que l’univers diégetique. Notre analyse porte sur les multiples facettes d’un format hybride et ses répercussions sur les représentations des identités et spécificités culturelles au moment de son adaptation transculturelle. Des entretiens semi-directifs et qualitatifs approfondis avec les producteurs et scénaristes sont confrontés à une analyse de contenu des épisodes ainsi qu’à une réflexion sémiotique sur les aspects esthétiques et narratifs.

Non-planar Boron Lewis Acids Taking the Next Step: Development of Tunable Lewis Acids, Lewis Superacids and Bifunctional Catalysts

Synlett ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (17) ◽  
pp. 1639-1648
Author(s):  
Guillaume Berionni ◽  
Aurélien Chardon ◽  
Arnaud Osi ◽  
Damien Mahaut ◽  
Ali Ben Saida
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Lewis Acids ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Planar Geometry ◽  
Bifunctional Catalysts ◽  
Group 13 ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Stereoelectronic Properties ◽  
Planar Group

Although boron Lewis acids commonly adopt a trigonal planar geometry, a number of compounds in which the trivalent boron atom is located in a pyramidal environment have been described. This review will highlight the recent developments of the chemistry and applications of non-planar boron Lewis acids, including a series of non-planar triarylboranes derived from the triptycene core. A thorough analysis of the properties and of the influence of the pyramidalization of boron Lewis acids on their stereoelectronic properties and reactivities is presented based on recent theoretical and experimental studies.1 Non-planar Trialkylboranes2 Non-planar Alkyl and Aryl-Boronates3 Non-planar Triarylboranes and Alkenylboranes3.1 Previous Investigations on Bora Barrelenes and Triptycenes3.2 Recent Work on Boratriptycenes from Our Research Group4 Applications of Non-planar Boranes4.1 Non-planar Alkyl Boranes and Boronates4.2 Non-planar Triarylboranes (Boratriptycenes)5 Other Non-planar Group 13 Lewis Acids6 Further Work and Perspectives

What Became of the New Public Diplomacy? Recent Developments in British, US and Swedish Public Diplomacy Policy and Evaluation Methods

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Pamment
Keyword(s):  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Public ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
New Public ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Foreign Ministries

Summary This article examines the relationship between theories of the ‘new’ public diplomacy and recent attempts by foreign ministries in the United Kingdom, United States and Sweden to develop public diplomacy strategies for the early twenty-first century. It provides a summary of policy debates in each nation alongside analysis of the evaluation methods that have been designed to support them. The article argues that expressions of a new public diplomacy are best explained within the constraints of different institutional and national cultures. Innovations in public diplomacy have typically taken place within the context of domestic demands for public accountability and value for money, pressures for empirical data to inform policy-making, and the increased centralization of public diplomacy activities. Evaluation plays an important role in improving actors’ capacities for newer forms of public diplomacy, but often by measuring the public diplomacy institution and its objectives, rather than whether the needs of foreign publics are met. This suggests that any paradigm shift from old to new public diplomacy has in practice centred on domestic and organizational concerns rather than the achievement of normative goals such as increased dialogue with foreign citizens.

Can vague brand slogans promote desirable consumer responses?

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (4/5) ◽  
pp. 282-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Strutton ◽  
Widyarso Roswinanto
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Brand Attitude ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Word Count ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Consumer Responses ◽  
Brand Recall ◽  
Definition Of

Purpose – This study aims to investigate the effects associated with the strategic use of vague, as opposed to precise, advertised brand slogans on various consumer responses. Design/methodology/approach – A content analysis study was conducted to explore the pattern of vagueness in advertising slogans from 1,441 consumer-oriented brands. Based on the resultant delineation/definition of vagueness, two experimental studies followed. Vignette advertising slogans were manipulated to achieve different level of vagueness. The initial 2 × 2 factorial between subjects design engaged vagueness level of brand slogans and consumers’ need for cognition as factors. Brand recall functioned as the dependent variable. The second experiment featured another 2 × 2 factorial design that used vagueness level and length of brand slogan as factors. Brand attitude, persuasiveness and purchase intention functioned as dependent variables. Findings – Vagueness level of advertising/branding slogans did not significantly affect brand recall. Interactions between vagueness level and length of advertisement slogans exercised significant effects on evoked thought, brand attitude and persuasiveness but not on purchase intention. At net, this study generated original theoretical and managerial insights about how and why desirable branding outcomes can be generated by managing the vagueness and word count of brand slogans, and a platform from which future research on this topic could be based. Research limitations/implications – First, the sample was limited to the southwestern USA. Second, in the slogan vignettes that were used, other cues were deliberately eliminated. A brand slogan essentially devoid of other cues may have been perceived as less realistic by respondents, thus reducing the relevance of their responses. However, a similar tradeoff always exists between more realistic states and controlled conditions. Practical implications – This study produces original theoretical and managerial insights about how and why several desirable branding outcomes are likely to result when vague, rather than precise, advertising slogans are deployed under certain manageable conditions. Each insight just referenced ensues from a study that itself was grounded in an extensive content analysis of contemporary print advertising slogans. This content analysis generated a substantial amount of practical and actionable insight about the treatment and use and management of slogans. This study demonstrates that the vagueness, precision and/or word count of slogans can be manipulated in ways that yield three communication outcomes that redound directly to the marketing interests of brand and advertising managers. Originality/value – The findings provide unique insight into how vagueness level of advertising slogans can be managed and how such a level can affect consumers’ perceptions.

A Piezoelectric Bidirectional Micropump for a Medical Application

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Doll ◽  
F. Goldschmidtboeing ◽  
M. Heinrichs ◽  
P. Woias ◽  
H. J. Schrag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Medical Application ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Artificial Sphincter ◽  
Pump Performance ◽  
Lumped Parameter ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
Driver Electronics ◽  
Parameter Approach

In this work, we present recent developments of our novel artificial sphincter system. The highly integrated system consists of several inflatable balloons and a micropump. We will analyse the apparatus concerning the volumes that have to be moved and make a specification for a suitable pump. A bidirectional silicon micropump with active valves is used to meet the worked out requirements of the sphincter prosthesis. The fabrication of the pump is described and the working principle will be explained. A summary of an analytical lumped parameter approach to model the pump’s performance is given. Optimization measures derived from this model are pointed out. The driver electronics is described and energy consumption issues are discussed. Two different pump designs were realized. The measured pump performance concerning the flowrate and the achievable pressure were compared to the theoretical model. A good agreement between model and measured data was found. A maximum flowrate of 1.3 ml/min and a maximum backpressure of 40000 Pa was achieved. The realized pump performance is sufficient for first experimental studies with the artificial sphincter system.

scholarly journals A Semantic Representation of Map Projections Knowledge

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
E. Lynn Usery
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Semantic Representation ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Easy Method ◽  
Map Projection ◽  
Map Projections ◽  
Semantic Organization ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Fundamental Part

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> A body of knowledge for cartography requires representing knowledge of the specific sub topics in the field. Map projections is a fundamental part of the knowledge base for cartography and a wealth of material exists on knowledge of map projections. Semantic organization of such knowledge is of primary importance to the access and use of map projections knowledge. This project builds a semantic representation for the fundamental parts of map projection knowledge. The semantics capture the concepts and relations between these concepts providing the user an easy method to access the knowledge and apply it to specific problems. The semantics represent classes of projections and the properties associated with those classes as well as the appropriate use. Such a representation can be accessed by humans or machines to arrive at appropriate selection and use of map projection theory.</p>

scholarly journals TraduXio Project: Latest Upgrades and Feedback

2021 ◽  
Vol Atelier Digit_Hum (Digital humanities in...) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Lacour ◽  
Aurélien Bénel
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Professional Skill ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Privilege Management ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
International Audience

International audience TraduXio is a digital environment for computer assisted multilingual translation which is web-based, free to use and with an open source code. Its originality is threefold-whereas traditional technologies are limited to two languages (source/target), TraduXio enables the comparison of different versions of the same text in various languages; its concordancer provides relevant and multilingual suggestions through a classification of the source according to the history, genre and author; it uses collaborative devices (privilege management, forums, networks, history of modification, etc.) to promote collective (and distributed) translation. TraduXio is designed to encourage the diversification of language learning and to promote a reappraisal of translation as a professional skill. It can be used in many different ways, by very diverse kind of people. In this presentation, I will present the recent developments of the software (its version 2.1) and illustrate how specific groups (language teaching, social sciences, literature) use it on a regular basis. In this paper, I present the technology but concentrate more on the possible uses of TraduXio, thus focusing on translators' feedback about their experience when working in this digital environment in a truly collaborative way.

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