Risk assessment of gastric cancer in the presence of Helicobacter pylori cagA and hopQII genes

2022 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-305
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Guo ◽  
Binghua Yin ◽  
Can Wang ◽  
Huazhi Huo ◽  
Zahra Aziziaram
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Stomach Cancer ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Duodenal Ulcers ◽  
Pathogenic Genes ◽  
H Pylori

Helicobacter pylori bacterium is one of the most common bacterial infections globally and is the leading cause of indigestion, gastric and duodenal ulcers, and gastric cancer. This bacterium can escape the antibacterial effects of stomach acid by adapting to the inner layers of the stomach. It combines with the natural sugars in the gastric mucosa. The compound is so effective that it makes bacterium resistant. For genes related to the pathogenesis of H. pylori, using the existence of genes such as cagA, hopQI, and hopQII, PCR is performed on some of these genes to amplify fragments of different lengths. One of the less-studied cases is that two or more pathogenic genes are simultaneously associated with H. pylori. This study examined the frequency of diseases and healthy individuals infected with H. pylori and cagA and hopQII genotypes. To diagnose H. pylori infection in healthy and stomach cancer patients, the PCR products are electrophoresed on the agarose gel after glmM gene amplification by PCR. To this aim, stomach tissue biopsies were used for patients, and saliva was used for healthy individuals. For this purpose, 150 gastric biopsy samples from stomach cancer patients and 150 saliva samples from healthy people were collected. Data showed a significant relationship between the coexistence of two genes, cagA and hopQII, and stomach cancer. 34.2% of patients and 10.1% of healthy individuals showed two genotypes, while other healthy people (89.9%) infected with H. pylori did not have this genotype. Therefore, the simultaneous presence of these two bacterial genes in human societies can be an essential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer.

scholarly journals The relationship between the simultaneity present of cagA and hopQI genes in Helicobacter pylori and the risk of gastric cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
Baosheng Chen ◽  
Jishui Zhang ◽  
Qiutong Ma
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Simultaneous Study ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Gastric Cancer Patients

Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium that causes infections in the gastrointestinal tract. This type of bacterium is very common and contagious at the same time. H. pylori enters the mouth and continues its course along the gastrointestinal tract. H. pylori infection induces an inflammatory response that leads to the activity of neutrophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages. In addition to the bacterial role in gastric mucosa, the host's inflammatory response may also play a role in disease outcome. In inflammation, the risk of carcinogenesis increases due to DNA damage increased proliferation and the creation of an environment rich in cytokines and growth factors. Genetic methods and diagnosis of H. pylori genes are used to identify healthy and healthy gastric cancer patients infected with H. pylori. In relation to the genes associated with H. pylori pathogenesis, the presence of genes such as cagA, hopQI, hopQII and so on is used, and PCR of a part of these genes amplified fragments of different lengths. One of the less-studied cases is the association of two or more pathogenic genes simultaneously with H. pylori. In this research, the frequency of disease and healthy individuals who are infected with H. pylori and have two genotypes cagA and hopQI at the same time, was examined. In order to diagnose H. pylori-infected individuals in healthy and gastric cancer patients, after PCR of glmM gene, PCR product electrophoresis on agarose gel was used. For this purpose, gastric tissue biopsy was used in patients and saliva was used in healthy individuals. For this purpose, 100 gastric biopsy samples were collected from patients with gastric cancer and 100 saliva samples from healthy individuals. According to the data, there is a significant relationship between the simultaneous presence of two genes cagA and hopQI and gastric cancer. In patients, 45.3% showed both genotypes, while in healthy individuals only 10.5% have this genotype and other healthy but infected with H. pylori (90.8%) do not have this genotype. To be. No report was observed on the simultaneous study of cagA and hopQI genes. No report was observed regarding the simultaneous study of cagA and hopQI genes.

scholarly journals Western-Type Helicobacter pylori CagA are the Most Frequent Type in Mongolian Patients

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tegshee Tserentogtokh ◽  
Boldbaatar Gantuya ◽  
Phawinee Subsomwong ◽  
Khasag Oyuntsetseg ◽  
Dashdorj Bolor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Virulent Type ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Caga Status ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Gastric Cancer Patients

Helicobacter pylori infection possessing East-Asian-type CagA is associated with carcinogenesis. Mongolia has the highest mortality rate from gastric cancer. Therefore, we evaluated the CagA status in the Mongolian population. High risk and gastric cancer patients were determined using endoscopy and histological examination. H. pylori strains were isolated from different locations in Mongolia. The CagA subtypes (East-Asian-type or Western-type, based on sequencing of Glu-Pro-Ile-Tyr-Ala (EPIYA) segments) and vacA genotypes (s and m regions) were determined using PCR-based sequencing and PCR, respectively. In total, 368 patients were examined (341 gastritis, 10 peptic ulcer, and 17 gastric cancer). Sixty-two (16.8%) strains were cagA-negative and 306 (83.1%) were cagA-positive (293 Western-type, 12 East-Asian-type, and one hybrid type). All cagA-negative strains were isolated from gastritis patients. In the gastritis group, 78.6% (268/341) had Western-type CagA, 2.9% (10/341) had East-Asian-type, and 18.2% (61/341) were cagA-negative. However, all H. pylori from gastric cancer patients possessed Western-type CagA. Histological analyses showed that East-Asian-type CagA was the most virulent strains, followed by Western-type and cagA-negative strains. This finding agreed with the current consensus. CagA-positive strains were the most virulent type. However, the fact that different CagA types can explain the high incidence of gastric cancer might be inapplicable in Mongolia.

scholarly journals Helicobacter pylori cagA Status and s and m Alleles of vacA in Isolates from Individuals with a Variety of H. pylori-Associated Gastric Diseases

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 3435-3437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dolores G. Evans ◽  
Dulciene M. M. Queiroz ◽  
Edilberto N. Mendes ◽  
Doyle J. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Gastric Carcinoma ◽  
Stomach Cancer ◽  
Gastric Diseases ◽  
Duodenal Ulcers ◽  
Caga Status ◽  
H Pylori

The cagA gene was detected in 100% of 16Helicobacter pylori isolates from patients with gastric carcinoma versus 78% of 18 isolates from patients with duodenal ulcers (P = 0.344) and only 64% of 22 isolates from patients with gastritis only (P = 0.005) in Brazil. Also, there was a significant association between isolation ofcagA + s1-type vacA H. pylori in cases of stomach cancer and ulcers as opposed to cases of gastritis only (P = 0.004), but this was not true in Houston (P = 0.238), where 94% of all isolates werecagA +.

scholarly journals Association of Helicobacter pylori infection and stomach cancer: our experience

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 2794
Author(s):  
N. G. Javan ◽  
Wormi Sharon
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Gastric Carcinoma ◽  
Stomach Cancer ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Chronic Atrophic Gastritis ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori Infection ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gastric Cancer Prevention ◽  
H Pylori

Background: Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has been linked with chronic atrophic gastritis, an inflammatory precursor of gastric adenocarcinoma. There are data on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and histology of this disease that show that Helicobacter pylori gastritis has an important role in gastric carcinogenesis. However, it has to be considered that only very few of those infected with Helicobacter pylori will develop gastric cancer. Hence, it will be a major target of future research to identify individuals who carry a greater risk for developing gastric cancer, and therefore may benefit from eradication of Helicobacter pylori in terms of gastric cancer prevention. Various studies revealed that approximately more than 50% of the world’s human population is infected by Helicobacter pylori. In underdeveloped countries, this association is shown to be much higher according to different studies.Methods: This study was conducted over a period of 36 months from 1st January 2014 till December 31st, 2016. All patients who underwent Gastrectomy during this period were taken. All specimens were investigated to see presence of helicobacter pylori by histological examination. A total of 50 Gastrectomy was performed by one surgical team over 36-month period.Results: Out of 50 patients, Helicobacter pylori positivity was seen in 33 (66%) cases by histopathological examination (HPE). Gastric cancer is more prevalent among males 31 (62%) as compared to 19 (38%) in females. It is more common among the older age group.Conclusions: Helicobacter pylori infection is higher in prevalence in cases of stomach cancer. Present study also showed that there is significant association of Helicobacter pylori infection with gastric carcinoma. Helicobacter pylori infection could be one of the etiological factors for gastric carcinoma.

Three-decade failure to eradication of refractory Helicobacter pylori infec-tion and recent efforts to eradicate the infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Taati Moghadam ◽  
Zahra Chegini ◽  
Amin Norouzi ◽  
Amin Sadeghi Dosari ◽  
Aref Shariati
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Duodenal Ulcers ◽  
The Future ◽  
Patient Cooperation ◽  
Dormant Forms ◽  
Stomach Ph ◽  
High Bacterial Load ◽  
H Pylori

Background: Helicobacter pylori causes dangerous and deadly diseases such as gastric cancer and duodenal ulcers. Eradication and treatment of this bacterium are very important due to the deadly diseases caused by H. pylori and the high cost of treatment for countries. So, we present a complete list of the most important causes of failure in the treatment and eradication of H. pylori, and addresses new therapeutic methods that may be effective in controlling this bacterium in the future. Results: Many efforts have been made to control and eradicate this bacterium over the years, but no success has been achieved since its eradication is a complex process affected by the bacterial properties and host factors. Previous studies have shown that various factors are involved in failure to eradicate H. pylori, such as new genotypes of the bacterium with higher pathogenicity, inappropriate patient cooperation, mutations, biofilm formation and dormant forms that cause antibiotic resistance, acidic stomach pH, high bacterial load, smoking, immunosuppressive features and intracellular occurrence of H. pylori. On the other hand, recent studies reported that the use of probiotics, nanoparticles, antimicrobial peptides, natural product and vaccine can be helpful in the treatment and eradication of H. pylori infections. Conclusion: Eradication of H. pylori is crucial for the treatment of important diseases such as gastric cancer. Therefore, it seems that identifying the failure causes of treating this bacterium can be helpful in controlling the infections. Besides, further studies on new therapeutic strategies may help eradicate H. pylori in the future.

scholarly journals Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy to prevent gastric cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis

Gut ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 2113-2121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Charles Ford ◽  
Yuhong Yuan ◽  
Paul Moayyedi
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Endoscopic Mucosal Resection ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Eradication Therapy ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Gastric Neoplasia ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Related Mortality

ObjectivesGastric cancer is strongly associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). We conducted a previous systematic review and meta-analysis that suggested eradication therapy reduced future incidence of gastric cancer, but effect size was uncertain, and there was no reduction in gastric cancer-related mortality. We updated this meta-analysis, as more data has accumulated. We also evaluated impact of eradication therapy on future risk of gastric cancer in patients having endoscopic mucosal resection for gastric neoplasia.DesignWe searched the medical literature through February 2020 to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) examining effect of eradication therapy on subsequent occurrence of gastric cancer in healthy H. pylori-positive adults, and in H. pylori-positive patients with gastric neoplasia undergoing endoscopic mucosal resection. The control arm received placebo or no treatment. Follow-up was for ≥2 years. We estimated the relative risk (RR) number needed to treat (NNT), and evaluated the disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) gained from screening from the meta-analysis.ResultsWe identified 10 RCTs, seven recruited 8323 healthy individuals, and three randomised 1841 patients with gastric neoplasia. In healthy individuals, eradication therapy reduced incidence of gastric cancer (RR=0.54; 95% CI 0.40 to 0.72, NNT=72), and reduced mortality from gastric cancer (RR=0.61; 95% CI 0.40 to 0.92, NNT=135), but did not affect all-cause mortality. These data suggest that 8 743 815 DALYs (95% CI 5 646 173 to 11 847 456) would be gained if population screening and treatment was implemented globally. In patients with gastric neoplasia, eradication therapy also reduced incidence of future gastric cancer (RR=0.49; 95% CI 0.34 to 0.70, NNT=21). Adverse events were incompletely reported.ConclusionThere is moderate evidence to suggest that H. pylori eradication therapy reduces the incidence of gastric cancer in healthy individuals and patients with gastric neoplasia in East Asian countries. There also appears to be a reduction in gastric cancer-related mortality.

scholarly journals Relation between Seroreactivity to Low-Molecular-Weight Helicobacter pylori-Specific Antigens and Disease Presentation

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1025-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratha-Korn Vilaichone ◽  
Varocha Mahachai ◽  
Chomsri Kositchaiwat ◽  
David Y. Graham ◽  
Yoshio Yamaoka
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Disease Associations ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Gastric Cancer Patients

ABSTRACT The identification of Helicobacter pylori-strain specific factors that correlate with clinical outcome has remained elusive. We investigated possible relationships between a group of H. pylori antigens and clinical outcome and compared an immunoblot assay kit (HelicoBlot, version 2.1 [HB 2.1]; Genelabs Diagnostics) with an established serological test, the high-molecular-weight cell-associated protein test (HM-CAP). We used sera from 156 Thai patients with different disease presentations, including 43 patients with gastric cancer, 64 patients with gastric ulcer, and 49 patients with nonulcer dyspepsia (NUD). HB 2.1 was compared to HM-CAP as a diagnostic test for H. pylori infection. The seroprevalence of H. pylori was significantly higher among gastric cancer patients than among patients with NUD (93 and 67%, respectively; P < 0.01). Among the H. pylori-seropositive patients, the presence of the antibody to the 37,000-molecular-weight antigen (37K antigen) was inversely related to the presence of gastric cancer (e.g., for gastric cancer patients compared with NUD patients, odds ratio [OR] = 0.28 and 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.1 to 0.8). The presence of antibody to the 35K antigen was higher in gastric ulcer patients than in NUD patients (OR = 11.5; 95% CI = 2.4 to 54.3). The disease associations of antibodies to the 35K and 37K antigens are consistent with the possibility that these antigens are either indirect markers for H. pylori-related diseases or have specific active or protective roles in H. pylori-related diseases.

scholarly journals Implications of Helicobacter pylori infection for stomach cancer prevention

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. S15-S25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen J. Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Stomach Cancer ◽  
Chronic Gastritis ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Natural Immunity ◽  
Limited Effectiveness ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Incident Cases

Accumulating evidence has implicated Helicobacter pylori, an established cause of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer, in the etiology of gastric cancer. Control of this infection would reduce the occurrence of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer and might substantially lower the risk of stomach cancer as well. The public health impact of this infectious agent warrants efforts to identify preventive measures. This paper reviews the evidence linking H. pylori infection to gastric cancer and evaluates the potential for control in high-risk populations. Current obstacles to H. pylori control are discussed, including the link to poor socioeconomic conditions, difficulty in identifying incident cases, lack of natural immunity to reinfection, limited effectiveness of antibiotic therapy in high-prevalence populations, and incomplete knowledge regarding the reservoir of infection, mode of transmission, host susceptibility factors, and the potential for developing an effective vaccine. Worthwhile avenues of research include studies designed to identify modifiable risk factors for acquisition of the infection, modifiable host factors that may increase resistance to chronic infection, more effective antibiotic therapies, and effective vaccines.

Effects of Helicobacter pylori eradication on gastric cancer incidence in the Japanese population: a systematic evidence review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingsong Lin ◽  
Sayo Kawai ◽  
Tae Sasakabe ◽  
Chisato Nagata ◽  
Mariko Naito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Early Gastric Cancer ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Gastric Cancer Patients

Abstract Background In Japan, there are ongoing efforts to shift the gastric cancer prevention and control policy priorities from barium-based screening to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-oriented primary prevention. A comprehensive summary of the evidence regarding the effects of H. pylori eradication on the risk of gastric cancer could inform policy decisions. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies evaluating the effectiveness of H. pylori eradication for the prevention of gastric cancer in otherwise healthy individuals (primary prevention) and early gastric cancer patients (tertiary prevention). Results In total, 19 studies were included. Three moderate-quality observational cohort studies showed that H. pylori eradication may be associated with a decreased risk of gastric cancer in healthy asymptomatic Japanese people. There is moderate certainty regarding the effectiveness of H. pylori eradication in patients with gastrointestinal diseases, such as peptic ulcers. A meta-analysis of 10 observational studies with otherwise healthy individuals (mainly peptic ulcer patients) yielded an overall odds ratio of 0.34 (95% CI: 0.25–0.46). Regarding tertiary prevention, the overall odds ratio for developing metachronous gastric cancer was 0.42 (95% CI: 0.35–0.51) in the eradication group in a meta-analysis of nine studies involving early gastric cancer patients who underwent endoscopic resection. Conclusion H. pylori eradication is effective in preventing gastric cancer in the Japanese population, regardless of symptoms. Well-designed, large cohort studies are warranted to determine the long-term efficacy and safety of H. pylori eradication in the context of reducing the gastric cancer burden through population-based screening and treatment.

scholarly journals Alterations of Fucosyltransferase Genes and Fucosylated Glycans in Gastric Epithelial Cells Infected with Helicobacter pylori

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Ruyue Fan ◽  
Xiurui Han ◽  
Yanan Gong ◽  
Lihua He ◽  
Zhijing Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Chronic Gastritis ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Gastric Epithelial Cells ◽  
Duodenal Ulcers ◽  
Preliminary Stage ◽  
H Pylori

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) adhesion to human gastric epithelial cells is closely linked with fucosylated glycans. Therefore, investigation of fucosylation in the interaction of gastric epithelial cells with H. pylori is critical. In this study we used lectin microarrays to detect the expression of fucosylated glycans in gastric epithelial cells (GES-1) infected with H. pylori strains isolated from patients with different diseases including chronic gastritis, duodenal ulcers, and gastric cancer (each containing two strains) at 4 h. In addition, we investigated the time-course expression of fucosyltransferase (FUT) 1–6 genes in GES-1 cells stimulated with H. pylori strains at 0.5–8 h. At 4 h post-infection, Lotus, AAA, BC2LCN, PA-IIL, CNL and ACG lectins had increased signals in H. pylori-infected GES-1 cells compared to uninfected cells. Higher expression of FUT1 and FUT2 was detected in all H. pylori-infected GES-1 cells within 2 h, regardless of the H. pylori strain. In particular, the expression of FUT2 was higher in H. pylori-infected GES-1 cells with a higher fold change in levels of BC2LCN lectin specific to α1-2 linked fucose (Fuc) at 4 h. The results suggest that the high levels of α1, 2-linked Fuc synthesized by FUT1/2, might play a role in the preliminary stage of H. pylori infection. This provides us with pivotal information to understand the adhesion of H. pylori to human gastric epithelial cells.

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