scholarly journals Analyses of variability, euclidean clustering and principal components for genetic diversity of eight Tossa Jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) genotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Mia Mukul ◽  
Nargis Akter ◽  
Md. Golam Mostofa ◽  
Md. Sohanur Rahman ◽  
Md. Al-Emran Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Fibre Yield

An investigation was done to assess the genetic variability, character associations, and genetic diversity of eight jute genotypes for seven morphological traits in a randomised complete block design at Bangladesh Jute Research Institute during 15 March, 2018 to 31 December, 2019. Analyses results revealed significant differences (P<0.01) among all genotypes for studied traits indicating the presence of variability. All the lines performed better than one control (JRO-524), and the line (O-0412-9-4) provided good results for desired traits than all controls. Jute fibre yield showed the highest broad sense heritability (98.54%). The studied jute morphological traits i.e. Plant population, the plant height, green weight, dry fibre yield and dry stick yield gave high heritability along with high genotypic and phenotypic variances, genetic advances in percent of the mean, highly significant and positive correlations. It indicates the possibility of crop improvement through phenotypic selection and maximum genetic gain, simultaneously at the genotypic-phenotypic level. Clustering analysis grouped all genotypes into three distinct clusters. The cluster II showed the highest mean values for all traits followed by cluster I and III. The first two principal components with higher Eigen values (>1.0) accounted for 90.88% of the total variation in the principal component analysis. PCA and cluster analyses indicated that the advanced breeding line O-0412-9-4 made its individual cluster II with higher inter-cluster distance and higher fibre yield (3.12 t ha-1). The investigation was done to select the genotype(s) with good fibre yield and distinct features in respect of developing high yielding Tossa jute variety for cultivation in the farmers’ field. This genotype O-0412-9-4 was selected based on higher plant height, base diameter, fibre yield content. It will be developed as a high yielding variety considering its’ higher genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, significant associations for desirable characters.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous Nutrient Sources Exhibit Varying Associations of Vegetative and Reproductive Parameters of Irish Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Tange Denis Achiri ◽  
Abdulai Assan Nkuh ◽  
Divine Nsobinenyui ◽  
Dominic Kumbah Njualem
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Irish Potato ◽  
Inorganic Nutrient ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Nutrient Source ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Eigen Value

The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations of vegetative and reproductive parameters of Irish potato from different organic and inorganic nutrient sources The study was done in the west region of Cameroon, specifically in Bougham, a village in the western highlands. The seeds were sown on the 4th of May 2016. Harvesting was done in August 2016. A total area of 250m2 was cleared and prepared in to a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Each block was divided into nine ridges. Eight fertilizer treatments: inorganic (NPK 15:1515, NPK 11:11:22), organic (Pig dropping, Poultry dropping), composite (four bi-combinations of the animal and NPK-based fertilizer) and a control treatment were randomly assigned to each ridge per block. General agronomic practices were adopted from local farmers. Data were collected on vegetative and reproductive parameters. Correlation analysis was also evaluated between parameters. This was followed by principal component analysis with varimax rotation. Principal components were selected based on eigen value criteria – a component was selected if its eigen value was greater than 1. All analyses were done using PAST (ver. 3.26b) Analysis revealed significant correlations between some vegetative and reproductive parameters notably between emergence and plant height (r = 0.45, P < 0.05), emergence and plant harvested (r = 0.867, P < 0.05), and between plant cover and plant height (r = 0.546, P < 0.05). According to the eigen value criteria (eigen value > 1.0), 4 principal components were retained from organic and inorganic nutrient sources each, and 3 principal components were retained from composite nutrient source. Reproductive parameters were more aggregated in the first principal component for organic nutrient source, accounting for 35.87% of all variations while they were more aggregated in the second principal component (25.61%) from inorganic nutrient sources. From the composite nutrient source, the reproductive and vegetative parameters were almost equally distributed between the first (31.80%) and second (27.82%) principal components. In this study, that varied nutrient sources (organic. Inorganic and composite) affects Irish potato differently. Consequently, both organic and inorganic nutrient sources should be seen as synergistic and not mutually exclusive for holistic production of Irish potato.

GENETIC DIVERSITY OF EXTRA-EARLY YELLOW MAIZE HYBRIDS UNDER STRIGA ENVIRONMENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 302-308
Author(s):  
Abdulwahab Saliu Shaibu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

The success of any breeding program depends on the ability to determine germplasm diversity and genetic relationships among breeding materials. Genetic diversity is an invaluable aid in crop improvement. This study was carried out to determine the genetic diversity among 70 extra-early yellow maize hybrids under Striga environments. Cluster and principal component (PC) analyses were used to determine the genetic diversity of the hybrids. Data on morphological and agronomical data were collected. The experiment was set up in two locations (Abuja and Mokwa) in a randomized incomplete block design experiment with two replications. A significant difference was observed among the hybrids in all the traits studied and a significant genotype × environment interaction was observed for all traits except for plant height, anthesis silking interval and Striga count at 8 and 10 WAP. The principal component reveals that the first three components account for 86% variability. PC1 gave maximum variability (43%) and was loaded with PC1 and the first four PCs can be utilized in hybridization programs. The principal component biplot reveals the relationship among traits and the distance of each variable in determining variability among hybrids. The cluster diagram reveals five distinct groups. Group IV consisted of Striga tolerant hybrids and group I consisted of susceptible hybrids. Both principal component and cluster analysis revealed the genetic diversity among the hybrids and identified genotypes that were Striga tolerant and could be selected as choice of parental materials to develop Striga resistant materials

scholarly journals Short Communication: Agro-morphological diversity among four tomato cultivars in western Burundi

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 436-441
Author(s):  
FREDERIC NGEZAHAYO ◽  
JEAN CLAUDE NGENDAKURIYO ◽  
EMMANUEL BIZINDAVYI ◽  
CYRILLE MBONIHANKUYE
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Tomato Cultivars

Ngezahayo F, Ngendakuriyo Jc, Bizindavyi E, Mbonihankuye C. 2019. Short Communication: Agro-morphological diversity among four tomato cultivars in western Burundi. Biodiversitas 20: 436-441. Since crop cultivars represent a reservoir of genetic diversity; essential are the understanding and the utilization of genetic variation in tomato accessions for improving the crop. The objective of the present study was to characterize 4 tomato cultivars from the western Burundi by means of 8 agro-morphological traits that could be exploited for tomato crop improvement. Tanya and P20 cultivars showed the lowest plant height but the highest flower number, fruit number and yield per cultivar. This was corroborated by a significant negative correlation between plant height and flower number, fruit number and yield per cultivar in overall results. On the other hand, Floradel and Tengerou97 cultivars have the highest stem circumference and leaf number. Cluster analysis also showed almost four clusters corresponding to one cluster for each cultivar, though Tengerou97 and Floradel tend to be grouped together. Finally, principal component analysis showed that all the eight agro-morphological traits participated in grouping tomato cultivars; particularly flower number, fruit number, plant height, and yield per cultivar. The first three principal component axes accounted for 92.465% of total variation observed among tomato cultivars. Thus, the four cultivars should all be exploited in tomato breeding and improvement programs.

scholarly journals Genetic divergence of Nigerian and Indian pearl millet accessions based on agronomical and morphological traits

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-131
Author(s):  
David Animasaun ◽  
Joseph Morakinyo ◽  
Rama Krishnamurthy ◽  
Oba Mustapha
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The study assessed the genetic diversity of pearl millet accessions grown in Nigeria and India based on morpho-agronomic traits in order to identify genotypes with superior characters which could be utilized in breeding programmes. Twenty-four pearl millet accessions were grown and evaluated for agronomic and morphological traits during the dry and wet seasons of 2015-2016. Data collected on the accessions using standard descriptors were analysed statistically. IP22281 had the highest mean plant height (108.90 cm) while NGB00531 recorded the lowest (61.02 cm). Significant intra-specific variation existed in number of leaves per plant, leaf length, leaf width, number of nodes and internode length, however, stem girth was similar for the accessions. Tillering was generally poor with the highest value (1.60 tillers per plant) found in NGB00531. A significant positive correlation occurred between plant height, number of leaves, leaf length and leaf width. Panicles emerged between 44 and 56 days and NGB00548 had the shortest maturity time. Also, panicle length and peduncle diameter varied significantly for the accessions. The highest grain yield and 1000-grain weight were recorded in NGB00616 and the lowest yield and weight were recorded in IP22269. The principal component analysis grouped the accessions into four clusters, comprising mixtures of Nigerian and Indian members. Similarly, the dendrogram grouped the accessions into two main groups which were sub-divided into smaller clusters with accessions from Nigeria and India in the same cluster. The study concludes that variations in morpho-agronomic and yield characters among the accessions studied could be harnessed for crop improvement. The clustering pattern of these accessions indicated their genetic relatedness, possibly from the same progenitor, but separation by geographical or ecological isolation mechanisms.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and trait profiles of some Amaranthus genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-284
Author(s):  
Oyeboade Adebiyi Oyetunde ◽  
Muyideen Oluseyi Olayiwola ◽  
Beatrice Toyin Osho
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Trait Variation ◽  
Yield Trait ◽  
Principal Component Analyses ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Knowledge of the pattern of trait variation among accessions, and the trait profiles of the accessions is crucial for improvement of a crop. Twenty-one Amaranthus accessions were evaluated in 2018 and 2019 to investigate the extent of genotypic diversity among the amaranth accessions and their trait profiles. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, and correlation and principal component analyses. Taking stem weight (SWT) as the yield, the accession × yield-trait combination (GYT) biplot was employed to investigate the trait profiles of the accessions. Accession, year, and accession × year mean squares were significant (P≤0.05/0.01) for most of the measured traits. The first three principal components explained 88.18% of observable variation among the accessions and identified plant height (PHT), number of leaves per plant (NOL), and root weight (RWT) as the major contributors. Significant (P≤0.01) correlation was observed in the association of SWT with NOL, TBM, and RWT. Accessions NGB00019 and NGB00061 were associated with the sector containing all the YT combinations considered. However, NGB00019 was identified as the best combiner of yield with other traits. Further studies involving more traits should determine the trait profiles of the remaining accessions.

Principal Component and Genetic Diversity Analysis for Seed Yield and Its Related Components in the Genotypes of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K. Jain ◽  
L.D. Sharma ◽  
K.C. Gupta ◽  
Vipin Kumar ◽  
R.S. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Total Variation ◽  
Hierarchical Clustering ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Selection Of

Background: The seed yield of chickpea can be improved by selection of superior genotypes on the basis of different yield and yield component traits. These genotypes exclusively utilize in breeding programs. Yield is a complex trait which is affected by several factors, hence, a well-known technique known as principal component analysis was used to identify and minimize the number of traits for effective selection. To obtain efficient recombinants, the identified component traits need to be combined from diverse parents through recombination breeding followed by selection of transgressive segregants. Hence, the present study is envisaged to measure the genetic diversity among genotypes of chickpea.Methods: The experimental material comprised of 40 chickpea genotypes evaluated in randomized block design with three replications. The experimental unit was four rows per plot with 4 m length and spacing between row to row and plant to plant maintained as 30 x 10 cm. NPK (20:40:00) fertilizers was applied as basal doses. The data were recorded for each genotype on nine quantitative traits as per standard methods. Descriptive statistics and PCA analysis was performed by using the statistical package SPSS 16.0 version and cluster analysis was done using the Wards method of hierarchical clustering technique.Result: Out of nine PCs only three PCs exhibited more than 1.0 Eigen value and showed about 73.4% variability. PC1 contributed 28.6% of the total variation and correlated with days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height, first pod height, seeds per pod and number of pods per plant while PC2 explained 21.00% of the total variation and dominated by plant height, first pod height and seed yield. PC3 explained an additional 13.00% of the total variation and dominated by primary branches per plant. Genotype commonly found in more PC, were BG 4016, IPCB 2015-165, IPC 2011-247, GNG2459 and RKG 19-4. Hierarchical clustering technique grouped 40 genotypes into two main clusters (A and B) and nine sub clusters. The present investigation depicted that the chickpea germplasm displayed considerable genetic diversity for most of the traits under consideration. 

Study on genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in Soybean[Glycine max (L.) Merrill]

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindra Kumar Jain ◽  
Arunabh Joshi ◽  
Hem Raj Chaudhary ◽  
Abhay Dashora ◽  
Champa Lal Khatik
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Weight Number

Soybean, an important legume crop, serves as a good source of protein and oil with tremendous ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen for soil improvement. To study the genetic variability, genotypic, phenotypic and environmental coefficient of variation, broad sense heritability and genetic advance in soybean, a field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2013. The experiment, laid out in a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications, comprised of 24 genotypes and observations on 9 traits of soybean were recorded. In this experiment, analysis of variance indicated that significant variation were present among the different genotypes of the soybean for all the traits under study. The highest genotypic (GCV) and phonotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were exhibited by the test weight, number of pods per plant, harvest index and plant height. The PCV was found higher than GCV which indicates the important role of environment in the expression of the characters. High heritability and high genetic advance were observed in the test weight, number of pods per plant, harvest index and plant height. The combination of the high heritability and high genetic advance provide the clear image of the trait in the selection process for crop improvement programme.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity among Accessions of Indian Spinach (Basella spp. L.) Based on Agro-Morphological Traits

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
Olalekan Ibrahim Sobowale ◽  
Benjamin Oluwole Akinyele ◽  
Alexander Chukwunweike Odiyi ◽  
Emmanuel Oluwakayode Ajayi ◽  
Daniel Babasola Adewale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Nutritional Qualities ◽  
Total Plant

Medicinal and nutritional qualities of Indian spinach obviously make it a promising crop for food security in Africa. It exhibits high genetic diversity in its present under-exploited state; therefore, accurate assessment of the existing genetic diversity will be fundamental to its improvement. This study investigated the genetic diversity among twenty (20) accessions of Indian spinach using morphological descriptors. The field experiments were carried out at the Vegetable Research Farm of National Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT), Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria during rainy seasons of 2016 and 2017. The experimental design adopted was randomized complete block design with three replicates. Data were collected on the vegetative characters, yield and on yield related characters. The data were subjected to Analysis of Variance, Principal Component Analysis and Cluster analyses. The first three principal component (PC) axes observed for year 2016 and 2017 explained 64.66% and 59.99% respectively of the total variation. The clustering method evolved groups of accessions based on similarities of morphological traits. Yield and yield related characters were highly and positively correlated with one another. Stem weight was positively correlated with leaf weight and total plant weight. Likewise, positive correlation existed between leaf weight and total plant weight.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity in Bambara groundnut {Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.}

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Nwakuche Chinenye Onwubiko
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Bambara Groundnut ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
International Institute

Abstract Bambara groundnut is a grain legume with enormous morphological variability. In order to genetically establish the variation that exists in this crop, an assessment of genetic diversity was therefore carried out with 20 accessions of Bambara groundnut collected from International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Ibadan. The design of the experiment was randomised complete block design with three replications. Results from analysis of variance (ANOVA), and principal component analysis (PCA) showed outstanding genetic diversity among the collections. The first four principal components accounted for 91.89% of the total variability. Cluster analysis and the dendrogram discretely grouped the accessions into four genetically distinct groups. One accession TVSU 353 singly formed a group in cluster analysis and dendrogram, which implies that TVSU 353 was genetically distinct from the rest of the accessions. Morphological characters assessed provided a useful measure of genetic differences among Bambara groundnut accessions, which can facilitate identification and selection of potential breeding lines for crop improvement as well as germplasm conservation.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity based on agronomic and fruit quality traits in gboma eggplant (Solanum macrocarpon L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
OT Adeniji ◽  
PM Kusolwa ◽  
SWOM Reuben
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Fruit Quality Traits

Solanum macrocarpon L is a fruit and leaf vegetable in sub-Sahara Africa. The genetic diversity of the crop remains largely unexploited consequently there is a dearth of genetic information on agronomic and fruit quality traits. Agronomic and fruit quality variability and association among traits were evaluated. Twenty – six accessions were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Measurements taken on agronomic and fruit quality traits were subjected to a combined analysis of variance, Principal Component Analysis and grouping using Unweighted Pair Group Method Arithmetic Average using option Ward’s. There were significant differences (P≤0.05) among the accessions for all the traits, while Genotype by Year Interaction (GYI) showed insignificant effects for most traits except plant height at flowering and maturity and seed yield. High broad sense heritability suggested the preponderance of both additive and non-additive genetic action for agronomic and fruit quality traits. The percentage contribution of agronomic traits toward the genetic diversity was maximum in plant height at flowering and plant height at maturity. Positive correlation coefficients was recorded between days to 50% flowering and fruit infructescence/plant (r = 0.45, P≤ 0.05). Dendogram analysis revealed three distinct groups with overlap of traits and no relationship between geographic location and phenotypic diversity. Hybridization among MM 268, MM 10256, MM 150 and MM 10161 may bring together gene constellations for earliness, fruit yield and delayed time to fruit browning. Superior genotypes are recommended for use in hybridization schemes for variety development and the subsequent molecular characterizationBangladesh J. Agril. Res. 43(1): 25-38, March 2018

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document