scholarly journals Understanding complexities in the uptake of indigenously developed rapid point-of-care diagnostics for containment of antimicrobial resistance in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. e006628
Author(s):  
Monica Sharma ◽  
Raman R Gangakhedkar ◽  
Sanjay Bhattacharya ◽  
Kamini Walia
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Rapid Diagnostics ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
The Government ◽  
Funding Opportunities ◽  
Care System

A good point-of-care diagnostic test holds a promise to reduce inappropriate use of antibiotics by enabling early detection of the pathogen and facilitating rapid testing of antimicrobial susceptibility. India has taken many initiatives in the recent past to augment the development and deployment of diagnostics in Indian health care system. Funding opportunities to promote innovation in diagnostics development were started in early 2000s through various ministries and departments. India released National Essential Diagnostics List which enlists essential tests and there is now Free Diagnostics Service Initiative of Government of India under National Health Mission that mandates to provide all essential tests free of cost. We wanted to understand how these initiatives have impacted the diagnostics that could be of use in containment of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and whether there is a smooth process for bringing indigenously developed products relevant to AMR into the healthcare system. We conducted a longitudinal survey (January 2019 and January 2021) to understand the availability of market ready indigenous rapid diagnostics for AMR in the country and their progress towards introduction in the private market or uptake in healthcare system. We found that many innovators and developers are working towards development of rapid tests that can be useful in the containment of AMR in India. While there are many promising diagnostics on the horizon, the pathway for uptake of indigenously developed diagnostics in healthcare system remains disjointed and needs to be harmonised for the investments made towards development to translate as tangible gains. Since most of these efforts are government funded, it is incumbent upon the government to also provide a seamless pathway to make these diagnostics available in health care system. In absence of this guidance, most of these diagnostics will sit with the innovators/developers and will never be used for the purpose they were intended to serve.

scholarly journals How does the pharmaceutical industry influence prescription? A qualitative study of provider payment incentives and drug remunerations in hospitals in Shanghai

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Medical Department ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Provider Payment ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
The Government ◽  
Funding Pressure ◽  
Care System

AbstractOver-prescription has become one major problem in China’s health care sector. Incorporating interview data from hospitals in Shanghai, this paper provided empirical evidence on how the process of over-prescription was carried out in day-to-day clinical settings, and demonstrates various mechanisms that allow over-prescription to continue vigorously in the context of the Chinese health care system. In particular, this study identified four levels of incentives that over-prescription was carried out: hospital, medical department, doctors and pharmaceutical companies. Due to the insufficient funding from the government and rising operational costs, hospitals had to rely on the sales of drugs and provision of medical services to survive. This funding pressure then transferred to specific revenue targets for medical departments. A combination of incentives, including drug remunerations, bonus system, low pay and high workloads motivated over-prescription at doctor level. At pharmaceutical company level, high profits of pharmaceuticals products as well as lack of emphasis on efficacy of drugs led to under-table payments and illicit drug remunerations. The study argued that the way that the Chinese health care system operates was based on the profit-seeking principle rather than on fulfilling its social functions, and called for a systematic reform of provider incentives to eradicating the problem of over-prescription.

scholarly journals Implementation of low-dose CT screening in two different health care systems: Mount Sinai Healthcare System and Phoenix VA Health Care System

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1064-1082
Author(s):  
Claudia I. Henschke ◽  
David F. Yankelevitz ◽  
Artit Jirapatnakul ◽  
Rowena Yip ◽  
Vivian Reccoppa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Ct Screening ◽  
Low Dose Ct ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Va Health Care System ◽  
Care System

scholarly journals A study on the knowledge, attitude & perspectives of final year students of bachelor of pharmacy programme in Malaysian Universities towards the implementation of the separation of drug prescribing & dispensing activity in Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Santhanathan S Rajendram ◽  
Muhamad Danial Muhamad Hamdan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Learning ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
The Government ◽  
Care System

Dispensing separation in Malaysia has been a widely discussed topic among the medical fraternity. It is a highly sensitive topic as it involves both professional and economic considerations for doctors, pharmacists, and the general public. There has been no decision made thus far but the discussion is ongoing, making a study on this topic very relevant. The subjects of this study, final year students of Bachelor of Pharmacy Programme in Malaysian universities, are chosen to reflect their awareness, preparedness, and knowledge on dispensing separation, which will affect their future in the pharmacy profession. The study was conducted among all 20 Public and Private Institutions of Higher Learning recognized by the Pharmacy Board, Malaysia. This was a cross-sectional study design, and data was collected using a convenience sampling method. The research instrument was an online questionnaire. The first part of the questionnaire covers the demographic information about the respondent, like name, age, gender, and institution. The second part covers the knowledge, awareness and perspectives of respondents towards the implementation of the separation of prescribing and dispensing activities in Malaysia. The final part of the survey focuses on suggestions or problems arising. There were 126 respondents to the survey, way above the 96 respondents needed to make the survey valid. The majority of them are aware of and understand the dispensing separation. Most of them agree that the government should legalize the dispensing separation activities as they believe pharmacists are more knowledgeable and better equipped to dispense drugs. The majority of them believe by implementing dispensing separation, the health care system will be better optimized, and the service will be better. They also believe that patients can accept and adapt to the role of the pharmacist in dispensing medication. The majority of them also agree that the price of medicine will be lowered by the implementation of dispensing separation. Based on the study, these students who are future pharmacists are very knowledgeable on the dispensing separation issue. They believe strongly that the implementation of dispensing separation in Malaysia will bring more beneficial changes to the health care system. The patients will also benefit from this. With such a positive attitude, the implementation of dispensing separation in Malaysia could be imminent  

scholarly journals The Cuban Healthcare System: An Insight

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Nisha Zahid ◽  
Farah Ahmed ◽  
Noor Israr ◽  
Akhtar Ali ◽  
Sidra Farooq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Primary Health Care System ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
The World ◽  
Care System

All the countries in the world are struggling to improve their healthcare systems regardless of being rich or poor. Talking about Cuba, it represents an example of well-developed healthcare system and policies which is comparable to developed countries of the world. The success of Cuban healthcare system largely depends upon its strong primary health care system, proper immunization, robust public health policies, treating all the population classes equally providing them with free healthcare services. The control of infection spread and non-communicable diseases also contributes to the success of Cuban Healthcare system. We have discussed the Cuban health care system from start till the current situation and also, we performed SWOT analysis to bring the clearer depiction of the Cuban Healthcare System as it highlights the key internal and external issues which are further discussed in detail.

SOA Designed Health Care System for Taiwan Government

2012 ◽  
pp. 643-669
Author(s):  
Jun-Bin Shi ◽  
Shu-Fen Yang ◽  
Tsung-Jen Huang
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Service Oriented Architecture ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
The Government ◽  
Care System

SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture) is gaining popularity in becoming the mainstream in corporate integrated applications in recent years. However, at the early stage of proposal for SOA, due to the lack of a completion in relevant standards and infrastructure, corporations still need to evaluate the effect and risks involved in investment for SOA. For this reason, the introduction for SOA among corporations becomes relatively conservative. In contrast to the conservation projected by corporations at the initial stage, the government agents took position in promoting SOA and developing e-Government, who were the forerunners first committed in the integration of SOA applications.

scholarly journals Health Care System in Sudan: Review and Analysis of Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threats (SWOT Analysis)

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Mohammed Abdullah Ebrahim ◽  
Luam Ghebrehiwot ◽  
Tasneem Abdalgfar ◽  
Muhammad Hanafiah Juni
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Service System ◽  
Health Information System ◽  
Health Service System ◽  
Care System

Background: The Republic of the Sudan located in north-east of Africa and is considered to be a lower-middle income country. The country has well established healthcare system with many drawbacks mainly due to economic and managerial reasons followed by prolonged political instability and sanctions.Objective: The aim of this study is to give an insight over the health services system in Sudan and to analyze the strength, weakness, opportunities, and threats (SWOT).Materials and Methods: The search was done from two electronic databases: MEDLINE/Pubmed and from public search engines: Google Scholar and Google with key Search words used mainly as “Healthcare system in Sudan “. Additionally, SWOT analysis of healthcare system in Sudan was carried out based on the Roemer’s model of health service system. Results: The Sudanese healthcare system was analyzed for different components of the system: The system in Sudan has full package of strategic plans and policies be it in a long term or short. Despite this there is poor implementation and organization along with frail health information system. The main external factors that drawback the system is the overall economic instability which resulted in cutting of the health expenditure.Conclusion: The Sudan is a rich country in terms of natural resources and population. Its health service system has strengths and weaknesses. It needs to build on its qualified human work force, stress on its well-designed short and long-term strategies on health care system and the partnership with external funding institutions, while overcoming the challenges on creating the proper health information system, economic support system and centralization of health service and professionals. Keywords: Health Care System, Sudan, SWOT analysis

scholarly journals Physicians' Perspective on Prescribing Patterns and Knowledge on Antimicrobial Use and Resistance in Penang, Malaysia: A Qualitative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Akhtar ◽  
Amer Hayat Khan ◽  
Hadzliana Zainal ◽  
Mohamed Azmi Ahmad Hassali ◽  
Irfhan Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Prescribing Practices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Care System

Background: Unnecessary antimicrobial use is an emerging problem throughout the world. To design future interventions to ensure rational antimicrobial use and decrease the risk of antimicrobial resistance, physician's knowledge and prescribing practices of antimicrobials should be assessed. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to investigate the physician's knowledge along with their prescribing patterns of antimicrobials in their health care system.Methods: The present qualitative study was conducted in a tertiary care public hospital located at Penang island, situated in Northwest of Malaysia. A total of 12 semi-structured, face to face interviews were conducted with purposive sampling technique. Physicians recruited had different specialties. All interviews were audio recorded, then transcribed into English language and analyze by thematic content analysis.Results: Four major themes were identified: (1) prescribing patterns of physicians regarding antimicrobials; (2) physician's knowledge about antimicrobials; (3) antimicrobial resistance; (4) satisfaction with management of infections. Physicians believed in regular educational activities and updates about the latest antimicrobial guidelines may change the prescribing behavior of physicians to optimize the use of antimicrobials. This may lead to decrease in burden of antimicrobial resistance in their health care system. Physicians emphasized that stricter rules and regular monitoring of antimicrobial use should be implemented to overcome the main challenges of antimicrobial resistance.Conclusion: Different factors were identified to assist optimized use of antimicrobials and decrease the risk of antimicrobial resistance. The present study helps to design targeted future interventions to ensure rational antimicrobial use and decrease the impact of antimicrobial resistance in Malaysia.

Mohalla Clinics in Delhi: A Preliminary Assessment of their Functioning and Coverage

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taniya Sah ◽  
Rituparna Kaushik ◽  
Neha Bailwal ◽  
Neisetuonuo Tep
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Geographical Access ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Minor Ailments ◽  
The Government ◽  
Major Section ◽  
Care System

The Government of Delhi introduced the policy of Mohalla Clinics in 2015 in order to improve its health care system. It was aimed at providing primary health care to people in their neighbourhood, with a particular focus on people residing in poor localities of Delhi. This article seeks to assess the role of Mohalla Clinics in the urban health care system. Based on a primary survey conducted in various areas of Delhi, we find that these clinics have helped in easing the pressure on tertiary care hospitals by providing treatment of minor ailments within the vicinity of neighbourhood. Overall, people positively endorse this initiative which contributed to a decline in out-of-pocket expenditure on medicines and tests. We find that Mohalla Clinics are ensuring better geographical access to health services by reducing time in commuting and waiting. Their scope, however, can be further broadened by introducing provisions for pregnant and lactating women, who constitute a major section of the patients visiting these clinics.

Superbugs in the Anthropocene

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Angus
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Care System

The promise of a world without disease has been replaced by warnings of evermore virulent pathogens, created by the very drugs that were supposed to save us. Scarcely a day passes without more news of people contracting infections or infectious diseases that cannot be cured by the strongest medicines available. Antimicrobial Resistance is a global health crisis driven by two major factors: the spectacular ability of bacteria to adapt to threats, and a pharmaceutical industry and health care system that puts profit before people. In addition to devastating climate change, the Anthropocene may be defined by epidemics that medicine cannot cure.

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