scholarly journals Study of the efficacy of antimicrobial preservatives in justifying the composition of a dermatological gel with a phytocomplex

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-313
Author(s):  
V. S. Myrhorod ◽  
O. H. Bashura ◽  
O. P. Strilets ◽  
S. H. Bobro ◽  
L. S. Strelnykov
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Sorbic Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Potassium Sorbate ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Antimicrobial Substances

The microbiological stability of medicinal products always requires close attention during the pharmaceutical development phase, as microbial contamination can pose a threat to both the health of the patient and the stability of the medicinal product. The level of microbial contamination can be controlled by monitoring the quality of raw materials, compliance with appropriate sanitation of production facilities and equipment, the use of scientifically justified preservatives in the drug. The aim of the work is to substantiate the use of a preservative and its concentration in the composition of the developed gel with phytocomplex. Materials and methods. The objects of the study were gel samples with the addition of a preservative: Euxyl 9010K (90 % phenoxyethanol, 10 % ethylhexylglycerol), methyl parahydroxybenzoate (E218), sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, benzoic acid. Concentrations of antimicrobial substances used corresponded to their average value from the range of used concentrations. The research has used the method of evaluating the effectiveness of antimicrobial preservatives, given in SPU 2.0. Results. Experimental studies using preservatives Euxyl 9010K 0.60 %, methyl parahydroxybenzoate 0.25 %, sorbic acid 0.10 %, potassium sorbate 0.25 %, benzoic acid 0.15 % in the samples of the developed gel with phytocomplex had shown that the obtained results for all samples fully meet the requirements of SPU in terms of “antimicrobial efficacy of preservatives” for topical drugs. According to the results of the first stage of research, it had been found that the greatest antimicrobial efficacy was shown by a sample with the preservative Euxyl 9010K. The subject of the second stage of research was the substantiation of the concentration of Euxyl 9010K (0.45 %, 0.60 %, and 0.75 %) based on the results of which it had been established that the gel samples with concentrations of Euxyl 9010K 0.60 % and 0.75 % met the requirements of SPU on the indicator of “antimicrobial efficacy of preservatives” for topical medicinal products. The sample with a concentration of Euxyl 9010K 0.45 % also met these requirements, but the logarithm of the reduction in the number of viable cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria after 2 days of storage is 2.00, which was the limit value according to the requirements of SPU. Conclusions. The expediency of using Euxyl 9010K (90 % phenoxyethanol, 10 % ethylhexylglycerol) at a concentration of 0.60 % as a preservative had been experimentally substantiated.

scholarly journals Justification of preservative choice and its concentration in the composition of anti-allergic action gel

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
T. V. Popova ◽  
O. P. Strilets ◽  
H. P. Kukhtenko
Keyword(s):  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Potassium Sorbate ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Antimicrobial Substances ◽  
Aspergillus Brasiliensis ◽  
Insufficient Amount ◽  
Microbiological Stability ◽  
Antimicrobial Effectiveness

Microbiological stability of medicines is an integral part of their quality, therefore, at the stage of pharmaceutical development, the issues of ensuring microbiological purity should be considered. To this end, various chemicals are added to the composition of semisolid medicines that actively inhibit the growth of microorganisms that enter the pharmaceutical system during production and reuse. Insufficient amount of a preservative can lead to the adaptation of microorganisms, and excess- to increase the toxicity of the drug. In the development of the composition of the anti-allergic action gel containing dimethindene maleate and dexpanthenol in order to select a preservative and its concentration, the following antimicrobial substances have been chosen: phenoxyethanol, benzalkonium chloride, methylparahydroxybenzoate (nipagin, E218), propylparahydroxybenzoate (nipasol, E216) and potassium sorbate (E202). The purpose of this work is to evaluate the effectiveness of these antimicrobial preservatives in the composition of the gel under study. For microbiological studies 5 samples have been developed: N 1 – gel + phenoxyethanol 0.75%; N 2 – gel + benzalkonium chloride 0.015%; N 3 – gel + nipagin 0.15% + nipasol 0.05%; N 4 – gel + potassium sorbate 0.2%; N 5 – gel without preservatives added. The research used the method for evaluating the effectiveness of antimicrobial preservatives given in SPU 2.0 (Section 5.1.3). As a result of the experiment, it has been determined that the sample of gel without preservative does not meet the requirements of SPU and proved the need to add antimicrobial preservatives to the composition of the developed gel. The results of the study for samples with preservatives phenoxyethanol 0.75%, benzalkonium chloride 0.015%, nipagin 0.15% + nipasol 0.05% completely meet the requirements of SPU on the indicator «antimicrobial effectiveness of preservatives» for medicinal products for external use. An experimental study of the sample with a potassium sorbate 0.2% preservative showed that it did not fully meet the requirements of the above article of SPU. Among the samples that meet the requirements of SPU, the highest antimicrobial efficacy against strains of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Candida albicans ATCC 885-653, Aspergillus brasiliensis ATSC 16404 has shown a sample of 0.75% phenoxyethanol preservative (N 1). Therefore, for further microbiological studies, samples of gels with phenoxyethanol concentrations of 0.5%, 0.75% and 1.0% were prepared and the antimicrobial efficacy of these samples has been studied. Based on experimental studies, it has been found that 0.75% is the optimal concentration of phenoxyethanol in the composition of gel containing dimethidene maleate and dexpanthenol. Thus, a complex of studies has been conducted to prove the antimicrobial effectiveness of the phenoxyethanol preservative and its concentration.

Microbial Growth and the Effects of Mild Acidification and Preservatives in Refrigerated Sweet Potato Puree†,‡

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 639-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
ILENYS M. PÉREZ-DÍAZ ◽  
VAN-DEN TRUONG ◽  
ASHLEE WEBBER ◽  
ROGER F. MCFEETERS
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Sorbic Acid ◽  
Potassium Sorbate ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Refrigerated Storage ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Naturally Occurring

Refrigerated sweet potato puree is a convenient form of sweet potato that can be used as an ingredient in formulated foods. The microbiology of refrigerated sweet potato puree during storage for up to 5 weeks was evaluated. Because the puree was made by comminuting steam-cooked sweet potatoes before refrigeration, no naturally occurring vegetative bacterial cells were detected during a 4-week period of refrigerated storage at 4°C. However, if postprocessing microbial contamination of the puree were to occur, contaminating microorganisms such as Listeria monocytogenes could grow during refrigerated storage. The effects of acidification or the addition of potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate on a population of L. monocytogenes inoculated into refrigerated (4°C) sweet potato puree were determined. Inoculation of the refrigerated puree with L. monocytogenes at 106 CFU/ml resulted in a 3-log increase after 3 weeks storage of nonsupplemented puree. Supplementation of the sweet potato puree with 0.06% (wt/vol) sorbic acid or benzoic acid plus mild acidification of the sweet potato puree with citric acid to pH 4.2 prevented growth of L. monocytogenes during storage at 4°C.

scholarly journals Study of microbiological purity with myramistin, anesthezine and CO2 extract of chamomile for use in surgical practice

2019 ◽  
pp. 80-89
Author(s):  
L. L. Davtian ◽  
O. P. Shmatenko ◽  
V .A. Tarasenko ◽  
O. M. Vlasenko ◽  
G. V. Osedlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
The State ◽  
Biological Study ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Any finished dosage forms, including soft dosage forms, are subject to microbial contamination. It can be caused by microbial contamination of plant-based medicinal raw materials, air, industrial premises, equipment, utensils, water, personnel’s hands, general non-compliance with the sanitary and epidemic regime of production, etc. The aim of the study was to conduct a biological study of the developed cream with Miramistin, anesthesin and CO2 chamomile extract in terms of “microbiological purity” in accordance with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. The object of the study was CO2 chamomile extract, anesthesin, miramistin, emulsifiers, the developed cream. Quantitative determination of the colony forming units of test microorganisms in suspensions was carried out by hanging in Petri dishes with soybean casein agar for bacteria and Saburo medium for fungi. Studies of the microbiological purity of the investigated samples of the cream were carried out in accordance with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine 1 ed., Paragraph 5.1.4.. Tests were performed using the direct sowing method. The assessment of the degree of microbial contamination of the investigated creams samples consisted of determining the total number of aerobic bacteria and fungi in 1.0 g of the sample, as well as the absence of bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae, St. aureus and Ps. aeruginosa. To verify the study conditions, a negative control study was performed using a sterile solvent for hanging on nutrient media. On the basis of experimental studies, it was found that the optimum method is membrane filtration for determining the total number of viable aerobic bacteria, and for fungi, the direct hanging method. In the course of the experiment, it was established that the total number of viable aerobic microorganisms is less than 100, and yeast and mold fungi are less than 10 per 1 g of each sample; St. aureus and Ps. aeruginosa and some other gram-negative bacteria are not defined, which meets the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine.

A possibility of using nickel concentrate, obtained as a result of hydrometallurgical enrichment of manganese-containing raw materials, at steel alloying

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 709-715
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Kichigina
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Selective Extraction ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Nickel Iron ◽  
Nickel Recovery ◽  
Nickel Concentrate ◽  
Steel Alloying ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Comprehensive Processing

At production of stainless steel expensive alloying elements, containing nickel, are used. To decrease the steel cost, substitution of nickel during steel alloying process by its oxides is an actual task. Results of analysis of thermodynamic and experimental studies of nickel reducing from its oxide presented, as well as methods of nickel oxide obtaining at manganese bearing complex raw materials enrichment and practice of its application during steel alloying. Technology of comprehensive processing of complex manganese-containing raw materials considered, including leaching and selective extraction out of the solution valuable components: manganese, nickel, iron, cobalt and copper. Based on theoretical and experiment studies, a possibility of substitution of metal nickel by concentrates, obtained as a result of hydrometallurgical enrichment, was confirmed. Optimal technological parameters, ensuring high degree of nickel recovery out of the initial raw materials were determined. It was established, that for direct steel alloying it is reasonable to add into the charge pellets, consisting of nickel concentrate and coke fines, that enables to reach the through nickel recovery at a level of 90%. The proposed method of alloying steel by nickel gives a possibility to decrease considerably steel cost at the expense of application of nickel concentrate, obtained out of tails of hydrometallurgical enrichment of manganese-bearing raw materials, which is much cheaper comparing with the metal nickel.

SIFAT MEKANIK PAPAN GYPSUM DARI SERBUK LIMBAH KAYU NON KOMERSIAL

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Saibatul Hamdi
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wood Particle ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Gypsum Board ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Wood Particles ◽  
Sawn Timber ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Artocarpus Elasticus ◽  
Ficus Glomerata

The purpose of this research is to know the mechanical strength of gypsum board by utilizing waste sawn wood. Raw materials used consist of flour, gypsum,wood particles, boraks and kambang (Goniothalamus sp), wood tarap (Artocarpus elasticus REINW) and lua (Ficus glomerata ROXB). Wood particle 40 mesh and 60 mesh, concentrations boraks of 1 and 2 and the percentage particles of gypsum sawn timber is 300, 400 and 500%. The results showed that the average value Modulus of Rufture (MoR) in lua wood ranges from 12.55 – 14,47 kgcm2, wood kambang 25.10-31,11 kgcm2 and wood tarap 19.20- 24,18 kgcm2. As for Modulus of Elasticity (MoE) on the lua 1129,80- 2092,70 kgcm2, wood kambang 2512,37-3971,32 kgcm2 and tarap 2050,63-2691,09 kgcm2. Gypsum board are mechanical properties do not meet quality standards created SNI 03-6434-2000.Keywords: sawdust, lua, kambang, tarap, gypsum, mechanical

Identification of antibiotics in meat. Flow cytometry capabilities

Vsyo o myase ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Zayko E.V. ◽  
◽  
Kuznetsova O.A. ◽  
Bataeva D.S. ◽  
Grudistova M.A. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Flow Cytometer ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Meat Processing ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Antimicrobial Substances ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Meat Samples

The problem of the uncontrolled use of antibiotics currently remains unresolved. Step-by-step monitoring of meat using modern methods will reduce the risk of using contaminated meat raw materials for food production. Qualitative monitoring will identify samples containing residual antimicrobial substances. The use of methods for identifying groups of antibiotics will help narrow the search for antibiotics by expensive chromatographic methods. A study was carried out of beef, pork and poultry meat, which is used in meat processing plants in the production of raw smoked sausages, using two methods. At the first stage, using a qualitative microbiological method, the raw meat was evaluated for the presence of antimicrobial substances, then their group was determined using a NovoCyte flow cytometer. According to the results of a study on a flow cytometer, it was found that out of 10 groups of antibiotics that can be determined by the tested method, the group of lincosamides was not found in all meat samples. The most common groups of chemotherapy drugs in pork were sulfonamides – 29.6 %, tetracycline group – 18.5 % and beta-lactams – 14.8 %, and in beef aminoglycosides – 36.7 %, phenicols – 30 % and beta-lactams – 13.3 %. In poultry meat samples, the most common were sulfonamides – 23.2 %, fenicols – 23.2 %, and beta-lactams – 16 %. Five groups of antibiotics were found in all studied types of meat: fenicols, β-lactams, macrolides, polypeptide antibiotics, and quinolones. This indicates their widespread use in animal husbandry and poultry farming.

Inhibition of Escherichia coli Trimethylamine-N-oxide Reductase by Food Preservatives1

1982 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. KRUK ◽  
J. S. LEE
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Sorbic Acid ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Resting Cells ◽  
E Coli

Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMA-O) reductase activity of resting cells of Escherichia coli was inhibited by tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (Na4EDTA), benzoic acid (BA and methylparaben (MP). The 50% inhibitory concentrations of Na4EDTA, BA and MP were 20.2, 1.2 and 32.4 mM, respectively. BA at pH 6.5 or below most effectively inhibited the TMA-O reductase. Sorbic acid (SA), up to 0.70 mM, had no effect on TMA-O reductase activity, but SA inhibited the growth and subsequent TMA production in E. coli at or above 0.3S mM.

Allergic contact dermatitis from potassium sorbate and sorbic acid in topical pharmaceuticals and medical devices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ella Dendooven ◽  
Stefan Kerre ◽  
Kenn Foubert ◽  
Luc Pieters ◽  
Julien Lambert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Allergic Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Sorbic Acid ◽  
Potassium Sorbate ◽  
Allergic Contact

Calculation of Technical Characteristics of the Technical Fleet Vessels Involved in Ensuring Safety of the Offshore Facilities of Oil and Gas Complex

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
S.V. Matsenko ◽  
◽  
V.M. Minko ◽  
A.A. Koshelev ◽  
V.Yu. Piven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Sea Area

Violation of industrial safety rules during the operation of offshore facilities for the production, storage and transportation of the hydrocarbon raw materials leads in the most cases to pollution of the marine environment with oil and its components. The works on localization and elimination of such pollution are carried out with the help of vessels of the technical support fleet and booms. When developing oil spill response plans at such facilities, a calculated determination of the technical characteristics of vessels and booms is required that are sufficient to carry out the planned activities. The basic design principles for determining the towing capacity of the technical fleet vessels involved in the localization and elimination of oil and oil product spills by trawling methods are given in the article. The calculation is based on theoretical studies performed by the authors of the physical processes occurring during the movement of objects of a mobile trawling order in the sea area. The results obtained during the course of theoretical studies were confirmed by the experimental studies carried out by the authors personally using the real pieces of equipment in the actual development of tasks for training spill containment by trawling. As a result, the empirical dependencies were obtained and experimentally confirmed, which can be used to calculate technical characteristics of the ships as part of the mobile orders and anchor systems as part of stationary orders intended for the localization and elimination of oil pollution. These results can be used, among other things, for the calculated substantiation of the technical characteristics of the technical fleet vessels designed to ensure safety of the offshore facilities for production, storage, and transportation of the hydrocarbon raw materials.

STUDY OF EXTERNAL MASS TRANSFER DURING DRYING OF BERRY RAW MATERIALS TAKING INTO THE SHRINKAGE PHENOMENON

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.В. АКУЛИЧ ◽  
Л.А. ГОСТИНЩИКОВА
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mass Transfer Rate ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Volume Shrinkage ◽  
External Mass Transfer ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Ir Radiation ◽  
Criterial Equations

Исследованы закономерности внешнего массообмена при сушке ягодного сырья для различных способов энергоподвода. Установлено, что ягоды при сушке подвержены значительной объемной (72–81%) и линейной (35–43%) усадке, которую необходимо учитывать при расчете коэффициентов массоотдачи. Объекты исследования – ягоды черники, красной и черной смородины. Проведены экспериментальные исследования по сушке ягодного сырья при конвективном и конвективном с ИК-излучением способах энергоподвода. Исследования проведены при скорости сушильного агента хса1,2 м/с и температуре tса 70°С. Получены критериальные уравнения внешнего массоообмена при сушке ягод для периода постоянной скорости, учитывающие объемную усадку. Определено, что при сушке с конвективным энергоподводом объемная усадка при одном и том же значении критерия Рейнольдса оказывает на 12–20% большее влияние на интенсивность массоообмена для красной смородины по сравнению с черникой и черной смородиной. При сушке с конвективным энергоподводом, ИК-излучением и предварительным прокалыванием объемная усадка наиболее существенно влияет на массообмен для черной смородины, протекающий в 1,5–1,8 раза интенсивнее по сравнению с черникой и красной смородиной. Полученные критериальные уравнения могут быть использованы при расчете и проектировании установок для сушки ягодного сырья. The laws of external mass transfer during drying of berry raw materials for various methods of energy supply are investigated. It is established that the berries during drying are subject to significant volumetric (72–81%) and surface (35–43%) shrinkage, which must be taken into account when calculating the mass transfer coefficients. The objects of the study were various berries: blueberries, red and black currants. Experimental studies have been carried out on the drying of selected berries both in the case of convective and convective methods with IR radiation. Investigations were carried out at a drying agent velocity хса1,2 m/s and its temperature tca70°С. The criterion equations of external mass transfer during drying of berries for a period of constant speed, taking into account the volume shrinkage, are obtained. It was determined that during drying with convective energy supply, volume shrinkage with the same value of the Reynolds criterion on 12–20% has a greater effect on the mass transfer rate for red currants. When drying with convective energy supply, IR radiation and preliminary piercing, the volume shrinkage most significantly affects the mass transfer for black currants, which is 1,5–1,8 times more intense than blueberries and red currants. The obtained criterial equations can be used in the calculation and design of berries dryers.

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