scholarly journals Ernest Renan and Marcus Aurelius: On the End of the Ancient World

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 409-422
Author(s):  
Maria Protopapas-Marneli
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Ancient World ◽  
Administrative System ◽  
The Real ◽  
Ancient Civilization ◽  
Marcus Aurelius ◽  
Good State ◽  
The World

According to Renan, the day of Marcus Aurelius’ death could be considered as the decisive moment in the downfall of the ancient civilization. He, thus, wonders: “If Marcus Aurelius, the unique emperor-philosopher, did not succeed in saving the world, who else, then, could have saved it?” He notes that the emperor’s death was followed by the succession to the throne of his corrupted son, Commodus, and his friends, who all were all ignorant. Renan observes that the emperor’s kindness could not have prevented the unfortunate fate that befell the Roman Empire after his death. What we have here is the perennial problem, already established in Plato, regarding the role of the philosopher-king in establishing a good state and educating good citizens. However, the case of Marcus Aurelius, as demonstrated by Renan in his book, shows the inability of philosophy to serve the real needs, which ultimately leads to disastrous and irreparable consequences. The present paper attempts to reconstruct the reasons for the unsuccessful application of philosophy, especially the philosophy of the Hellenistic era, to the administrative system of the Roman Empire. It is argued that the failure is mainly due to political, religious and cultural problems.

scholarly journals Ernest Renan and Marcus Aurelius: On the End of the Ancient World

2017 ◽  
pp. 409-422
Author(s):  
Maria Protopapas-Marneli
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Ancient World ◽  
Administrative System ◽  
The Real ◽  
Ancient Civilization ◽  
Marcus Aurelius ◽  
Good State ◽  
The World

According to Renan, the day of Marcus Aurelius’ death could be considered as the decisive moment in the downfall of the ancient civilization. He, thus, wonders: “If Marcus Aurelius, the unique emperor-philosopher, did not succeed in saving the world, who else, then, could have saved it?” He notes that the emperor’s death was followed by the succession to the throne of his corrupted son, Commodus, and his friends, who all were all ignorant. Renan observes that the emperor’s kindness could not have prevented the unfortunate fate that befell the Roman Empire after his death. What we have here is the perennial problem, already established in Plato, regarding the role of the philosopher-king in establishing a good state and educating good citizens. However, the case of Marcus Aurelius, as demonstrated by Renan in his book, shows the inability of philosophy to serve the real needs, which ultimately leads to disastrous and irreparable consequences. The present paper attempts to reconstruct the reasons for the unsuccessful application of philosophy, especially the philosophy of the Hellenistic era, to the administrative system of the Roman Empire. It is argued that the failure is mainly due to political, religious and cultural problems.

scholarly journals The Return of the Sacral King

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 51-65
Author(s):  
Paul R. DeHart ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Political Order ◽  
The Political ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Ancient Rome ◽  
The World ◽  
Ancient Christianity ◽  
The City

In Pagans & Christians in the City, Steven D. Smith argues that in contrast to ancient Rome, ancient Christianity, following Judaism, located the sacred outside the world, desacralizing the cosmos and everything in it—including the political order. It thereby introduced a political dualism and potentially contending allegiances. Although Smith’s argument is right so far as it goes, it underplays the role of Christianity’s immanent dimension in subverting the Roman empire and the sacral pattern of antiquity. This division of authority not only undermined the Roman empire and antique sacral political order more generally—it also subverts the modern state, which, in the work of Hobbes and Rousseau, sought to remarry what Western Christianity divorced.

China and the Emergence of Bangladesh: Role of Great Power Global Perceptions

1983 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.N. Mahanty
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
The United States ◽  
Strategic Thinking ◽  
Great Power ◽  
The Real ◽  
The World

China's attitude to the Bangladesh Question has evoked a great deal of interest among China watchers. Its professed aim to end exploitation all over the world while extending assistance to West Pakistani exploiters expectedly provoked both academics and activists. Here an attempt is made to examine China's strategic thinking on a vital region, that is South Asia, and the real-politik that pushes into irrelevance the revolutionary pledges. China's failure to forestall the birth of Bangladesh forced it initially to fabricate a fake rationale and finally to reverse, through quick recognition, a hostile population into a friendly nation. History ends where politics begins; history, however, explains the present South Asian political scenario—the emerging triangle of China-Pakistan-Bangladesh, favourably disposed to the United States, while fetching sustenance from an anti-Indian prejudice.

A Perspective of AI and Patents

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-41
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
The Real ◽  
The World ◽  
Is Development ◽  
Real Scenario

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is significantly changing the world as well as the business. The emergence of AI, AI portfolio, a timeline of AI, its usage in different sectors, the real scenario of AI with Statistical data are presented. The paper discusses the role of patent is development and protection of AI based technologies, the contribution of the sectors in filing patents related to AI. The paper studies the problems faced by businesses with AI implementation and the probable strategic solutions using patents.

Re-enchanting the World: The Role of Imagination in Perception

Philosophy ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Lennon
Keyword(s):  
The Real ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The World ◽  
Everyday World

AbstractThis paper defends what the philosopher Merleau Ponty coins‘the imaginary texture of the real’.It is suggested that the imagination is at work in the everyday world which we perceive, the world as it is for us. In defending this view a concept of the imagination is invoked which has both similarities with and differences from, our everyday notion. The everyday notion contrasts the imaginary and the real. The imaginary is tied to the fictional or the illusory. Here it will be suggested, following both Kant and Strawson, that there is a more fundamental working of the imagination, present in both perception and the constructions of fictions. What Kant and Strawson failed to make clear, however, was that the workings of the imagination within the perceived world, gives that world, anaffective logic. The domain of affect is that of emotions, feelings and desire, and to claim such an affective logic in the world we experience, is to point out that it has salience and significance for us. Such salience suggests and demands the desiring and sometimes fearful responses we make to it; the shape of the perceived world echoed in the shapes our bodies take within it.

scholarly journals The Feminist Utopia in Prema Shah and Rokeya S. Hossain: Linking the Real to the Ideal

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Komal Prasad Phuyal
Keyword(s):  
Social Reality ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Order ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Islamic Society ◽  
Role Of Men ◽  
Feminist Utopia

Prema Shah’s “A Husband” and Rokeya S. Hossain’s “Sultana’s Dream” present two complementary versions of women’s world: the real in Shah and the imagined in Hossain aspire to make the other complete. The worldview that each author projects in their texts reasserts the latent spirit of the other one. The embedded interconnectedness between the authors under discussion reveals their unique association and bond of women’s creative unity towards paving a road for the upliftment of women in general. The paper seeks to find out the historical forces leading to the formation of a certain type of bond between these two authors from different historical and socio-cultural realities. Shah locates a typical Nepali woman in the protagonist in the patriarchal order while Hossain pictures the contemporary Bengali Islamic society and reverses the role of men and women. Hossain’s ideal world and Shah’s real world form two complementary versions of each other: despite opposite in nature, each world completes the other. Sultana moves to the world of dream to seek a new order because Nirmala’s world exercises every form of tortures upon the women’s self. Shah exposes the social reality dictating upon the women’s self while Hossain’s protagonist escapes into the world of dream where women control the social reality effectively and successfully. Overall, Shah and Hossain complement each other’s world by presenting two alternative versions of the same reality, creating the feminist utopia.

scholarly journals Tutor and Tutoring in the History of Education (to the Great French Revolution)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Ludwik Szuba
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
History Of Education ◽  
Mutual Trust ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Mesopotamia

AbstractThe article aims at presenting the history of tutoring and the role of a tutor in one of the most significant educational concepts in the world starting with the ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, China or the countries of Europe-Greece, Rome, England, Ireland, Kingdom of the Franks, the Roman Empire, France, Poland, Italy, ending with the immense social transformations sparked by the French Revolution. Throughout the centuries the role of tutors was of great significance since by staying in homes of their pupils not only did they educate but by the direct relation between a master and an apprentice, based on friendship and mutual trust, which initiated honest discussion, they influenced to a great extent the shaping of their pupils` personalities…

scholarly journals The role of the economic crisis on the competitiveness of the agri-food sector in the main Mediterranean countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 49-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Crescimanno ◽  
A. Galati ◽  
T. Bal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Market ◽  
Real Economy ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic

The world economic crisis that, since 2008 has also struck the real economy, cannot be attributed only to the United States bubble which in 2007 involved the mortgage credit market, but it is the result of a series of factors among which the imbalance of the financial market, of the public accounts of the main economies and the real sector. Also agriculture, which has always been considered an anti-cyclic sector, has seen a strong slowdown with a plunge in the trade flows. This paper analyses the changes which happened to the competitive position in the world market of some Mediterranean countries and of France, Italy, Spain and Turkey in particular trying, moreover, to understand the vulnerability of the countries belonging to the EU concerning their integration into an economic and monetary union. The results show how much the crisis has involved all the countries bringing, on the whole, a reduction of the competitive potential in the international market which has been less strong in Turkey, the country characterized by a low per capita income and a low public debt. It can be seen, in particular, how the sectors with a strongest commercial specialization have showed a better resistance to the pressure of the recessive trend.  

Magic and maleficia in the Ancient World: The case of Roman Sardinia

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 293-302
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Ancient World ◽  
Roman World ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Cultures

Abstract This paper will focus on magic rituals aimed at causing maleficia in a specific area: Sardinia. Although difficult to retrace, there is some evidence, on the island, of the existence of forms of both necromancy and oracular divination that refer, with their own forms, to the culture spread in the Roman empire. Among the most significant documents, there are the tabellae defixionum, some epigraphic texts widely documented in the Roman world, and even earlier in the Punic world. The evidence, in this case, is quite interesting, also, because it reflects the combination of different cultures in Sardinia, whose results are “original”, also in the world of magic.

scholarly journals Role of Logic and Mentality as the Basics of Wittgenstein’s Picture Theory of Language and Extracting Educational Principles and Methods according to this Theory

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Kamal Nosrati Heshi ◽  
Hassanali Bakhtiyar Nasrabadi
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Heuristic Method ◽  
Logical Structure ◽  
Interactive Methods ◽  
The Real ◽  
Picture Theory ◽  
The World ◽  
Full Picture ◽  
Theory Of Language

<p class="apa">The present paper attempts to recognize principles and methods of education based on Wittgenstein’s picture theory of language. This qualitative research utilized inferential analytical approach to review the related literature and extracted a set of principles and methods from his theory on picture language. Findings revealed that Wittgenstein believed in language as a picture of the real and assumed that the real is reflected in language. He believed that language and mentality are the same and language demonstrates a full picture of mentality. Besides, the world and the language possess a logical structure and this logic rules the world and the language. Later on, his picture theory of language, logic and mentality were used to extract and introduce principles for education as listed here: the reasonability principle, mind involvement principle, matching principle, reasoning principle, creativity principle and formation of mind, comprehensibility principle, liberal thinking principle, and the principle of considering individual differences. Thus, applying the method of concept comprehension, problem oriented method, heuristic method, brainstorming method and finally interactive methods like Socratic question and answer and group discussion method.</p>

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