scholarly journals Aristotle’s Refutation of the Eleatic Argument in Physics I.8

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Oki
Keyword(s):  
Starting Point ◽  
Composite Nature

In this paper, I show that Aristotle’s refutation of the Eleatic argument in Physics I.8 is based on the idea that a thing at the starting point of coming to be is composite and is made up of what underlies and a priva­tion. In doing so, I clarify how the concept of accidentality as used in his solution should be understood in relation to the composite nature of what comes to be. I also suggest an explanation of why Aristotle’s discus­sion of the Eleatic dilemma in Physics I.8, unlike his discussion in the previous chapter, is not clear.

The Lyman-α‎ Line as a Probe of the Early Universe

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Loeb ◽  
Steven R. Furlanetto
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
High Redshift ◽  
Young Star ◽  
H Ii Regions ◽  
Host Galaxies ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Good Starting Point ◽  
High Redshift Universe

This chapter investigates a number of specific observational probes of the high-redshift Universe. It examines the Lyman-α‎ line, an extraordinarily rich and useful—albeit complex—probe of both galaxies and the intergalactic medium (IGM). As established in the previous chapter, young star-forming galaxies can produce very bright Lyman-α‎ emissions. Although the radiative transfer of these photons through their host galaxies is typically very complex, a good starting point is a simple model in which a fraction of stellar ionizing photons are absorbed within their source galaxy, forming embedded H II regions. The resulting protons and electrons then recombine, producing Lyman-α‎ photons. Assuming ionization equilibrium, the rate of these recombinations must equal the rate at which ionizing photons are produced.

Algebraic combinatorics and QFT

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-94
Author(s):  
Adrian Tanasa
Keyword(s):  
Hopf Algebra ◽  
Hochschild Cohomology ◽  
Algebraic Combinatorics ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
Analytic Combinatorics ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Feynman Graphs ◽  
Perturbative Renormalization

We have seen in the previous chapter some of the non-trivial interplay between analytic combinatorics and QFT. In this chapter, we illustrate how yet another branch of combinatorics, algebraic combinatorics, interferes with QFT. In this chapter, after a brief algebraic reminder in the first section, we introduce in the second section the Connes–Kreimer Hopf algebra of Feynman graphs and we show its relation with the combinatorics of QFT perturbative renormalization. We then study the algebra's Hochschild cohomology in relation with the combinatorial Dyson–Schwinger equation in QFT. In the fourth section we present a Hopf algebraic description of the so-called multi-scale renormalization (the multi-scale approach to the perturbative renormalization being the starting point for the constructive renormalization programme).

Against the Yellowwashing of Israel: The BDS Movement and Liberatory Solidarities across Settler States

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candace Fujikane
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Pacific Islanders ◽  
Japanese American ◽  
World War ◽  
Alternative Evaluation ◽  
Starting Point

Following the focus on Palestine in the previous chapter, Chapter 9 takes as a critical starting point the complicit relationship Asian American politicians such as Senator Daniel Inouye shared with Israel. Such complicit “yellowwashing,” which involves a strategic remembrance of World War II–era Japanese American incarceration, presages Fujikane’s alternative evaluation of “liberatory solidarities” between Pacific Islanders and Palestinians.

How Many Deaths Can Article 2(4) UN Charter Die?

2021 ◽  
pp. 449-470
Author(s):  
Thilo Marauhn
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Starting Point

The starting point of this chapter is Thomas M. Franck’s famous 1970 essay ‘Who killed Article 2(4)?’. Thilo Marauhn takes Franck’s analysis in light of his 2003 critique ‘The United Nations After Iraq’ and discusses current trends in the justification of violence. Marauhn re-affirms Franck’s critical review of international practice in light of normative standards and warns against weakening the prohibition of the use of force. This prohibition should stand as a cornerstone of public international law, as an expression of the rule of law and in support of international law as a ‘gentle civilizer’ (Koskenniemi). Quite contrary to Chris Brown’s argument in the previous chapter (24), Thilo Marauhn emphasizes the central importance of the legal regime governing force: drawing upon developments from political practice as well as on legal debates, this chapter calls upon lawyers to live up to their responsibility and to defend the counter-factual dimension of the law.

Systemic Analysis of TB Concept

2018 ◽  
pp. 58-106
Keyword(s):  
Soft System Methodology ◽  
The Real ◽  
Systemic Analysis ◽  
Scientific Background ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
System Methodology

The previous chapter contains the introduction of main applied methods and approaches. This chapter provides the description of the soft system methodology and explanation of single steps needed to be applied in practice. This method is employed in a reduced PQR form. Root definitions and unstructured problem descriptions help to depict the concept of TB. Moreover, charts and diagrams enabling the provision of more accurate insight, and the identification of main inputs, entities, and processes of the system are developed. Finally, entities that belong to the wider system are delineated. In general, this chapter points out the lack of scientific background within the current research. A novel TB taxonomy as an appropriate starting point aiming at the solution of this issue is proposed. Due to the deconstruction of TB to the particular main elements and processes, the soft system methodology helps to uncover the real core of TB.

Neutral Seeing: Saenredam, Barthes, Burgin

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-136
Author(s):  
Sunil Manghani
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Degree Zero ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Political Aesthetics ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Zero Degree

Having established important theoretical links between both Barthes and Burgin in the previous chapter, this chapter turns directly to the book's key consideration of 'zero degree seeing'. It provides historical overview to Barthes' Writing Degree Zero before going onto explore a visual equivalent of the zero degree. The starting point is Barthes' essay on seventeenth-century Dutch painting, notably his commentary on Saenredam, whose complex, interlaced rendering of space and augmented perspective sets up a way of picturing that is echoed in the modernist writing of Robbe-Grillet, and Burgin's practice of a 'theoretical vision'.The notion of a 'zero degree' form in the arts remains an enigmatic idea, and not least for potential critique of and through political aesthetics. This chapter takes on the challenge (as does the volume more broadly) to offer an assessment of both what constitutes 'zero degree seeing' and how any such 'form' must always continue to evolve.

Crystal structure images of large gold clusters and growing crystals by HRTEM

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 428-429
Author(s):  
L.R. Wallenberg ◽  
J.-O. Bovin ◽  
G. Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Close Packing ◽  
Gold Clusters ◽  
Molecular Weight Determination ◽  
Growth Mechanisms ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Nucleation And Growth Mechanisms ◽  
Points Of View

Metallic clusters are interesting from various points of view, e.g. as a mean of spreading expensive catalysts on a support, or following heterogeneous and homogeneous catalytic events. It is also possible to study nucleation and growth mechanisms for crystals with the cluster as known starting point.Gold-clusters containing 55 atoms were manufactured by reducing (C6H5)3PAuCl with B2H6 in benzene. The chemical composition was found to be Au9.2[P(C6H5)3]2Cl. Molecular-weight determination by means of an ultracentrifuge gave the formula Au55[P(C6H5)3]Cl6 A model was proposed from Mössbauer spectra by Schmid et al. with cubic close-packing of the 55 gold atoms in a cubeoctahedron as shown in Fig 1. The cluster is almost completely isolated from the surroundings by the twelve triphenylphosphane groups situated in each corner, and the chlorine atoms on the centre of the 3x3 square surfaces. This gives four groups of gold atoms, depending on the different types of surrounding.

Two isoprenylated flavonoids from Dorstenia psilurus activate AMPK, stimulate glucose uptake, inhibit glucose production and lower glycemia

2019 ◽  
Vol 476 (24) ◽  
pp. 3687-3704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aphrodite T. Choumessi ◽  
Manuel Johanns ◽  
Claire Beaufay ◽  
Marie-France Herent ◽  
Vincent Stroobant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Structural Isomer ◽  
Rat Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Ampk Activation ◽  
Starting Point

Root extracts of a Cameroon medicinal plant, Dorstenia psilurus, were purified by screening for AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation in incubated mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs). Two isoprenylated flavones that activated AMPK were isolated. Compound 1 was identified as artelasticin by high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and 2D-NMR while its structural isomer, compound 2, was isolated for the first time and differed only by the position of one double bond on one isoprenyl substituent. Treatment of MEFs with purified compound 1 or compound 2 led to rapid and robust AMPK activation at low micromolar concentrations and increased the intracellular AMP:ATP ratio. In oxygen consumption experiments on isolated rat liver mitochondria, compound 1 and compound 2 inhibited complex II of the electron transport chain and in freeze–thawed mitochondria succinate dehydrogenase was inhibited. In incubated rat skeletal muscles, both compounds activated AMPK and stimulated glucose uptake. Moreover, these effects were lost in muscles pre-incubated with AMPK inhibitor SBI-0206965, suggesting AMPK dependency. Incubation of mouse hepatocytes with compound 1 or compound 2 led to AMPK activation, but glucose production was decreased in hepatocytes from both wild-type and AMPKβ1−/− mice, suggesting that this effect was not AMPK-dependent. However, when administered intraperitoneally to high-fat diet-induced insulin-resistant mice, compound 1 and compound 2 had blood glucose-lowering effects. In addition, compound 1 and compound 2 reduced the viability of several human cancer cells in culture. The flavonoids we have identified could be a starting point for the development of new drugs to treat type 2 diabetes.

Overview of Current Approaches to Aural Rehabilitation for Adults With Cochlear Implants

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1175-1187
Author(s):  
Rachel Glade ◽  
Erin Taylor ◽  
Deborah S. Culbertson ◽  
Christin Ray
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Practice Patterns ◽  
The United States ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Aural Rehabilitation ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Clinical Models ◽  
Hearing Health

Purpose This clinical focus article provides an overview of clinical models currently being used for the provision of comprehensive aural rehabilitation (AR) for adults with cochlear implants (CIs) in the Unites States. Method Clinical AR models utilized by hearing health care providers from nine clinics across the United States were discussed with regard to interprofessional AR practice patterns in the adult CI population. The clinical models were presented in the context of existing knowledge and gaps in the literature. Future directions were proposed for optimizing the provision of AR for the adult CI patient population. Findings/Conclusions There is a general agreement that AR is an integral part of hearing health care for adults with CIs. While the provision of AR is feasible in different clinical practice settings, service delivery models are variable across hearing health care professionals and settings. AR may include interprofessional collaboration among surgeons, audiologists, and speech-language pathologists with varying roles based on the characteristics of a particular setting. Despite various existing barriers, the clinical practice patterns identified here provide a starting point toward a more standard approach to comprehensive AR for adults with CIs.

Indirect Assessment of Attitudes with Response-Time-Based Measures

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Degner ◽  
Dirk Wentura ◽  
Klaus Rothermund
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Scale Theory ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Predicting Behavior ◽  
Social Cognitive Theories

Abstract: We review research on response-latency based (“implicit”) measures of attitudes by examining what hopes and intentions researchers have associated with their usage. We identified the hopes of (1) gaining better measures of interindividual differences in attitudes as compared to self-report measures (quality hope); (2) better predicting behavior, or predicting other behaviors, as compared to self-reports (incremental validity hope); (3) linking social-cognitive theories more adequately to empirical research (theory-link hope). We argue that the third hope should be the starting point for using these measures. Any attempt to improve these measures should include the search for a small-scale theory that adequately explains the basic effects found with such a measure. To date, small-scale theories for different measures are not equally well developed.

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