scholarly journals Regional elections of 2020 in the Irkutsk region: progress, results, and organization

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-117
Author(s):  
Yuriy Zulyar
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Political System ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Local Representative ◽  
Regional Elections

The regular conduct of elections and the compliance of their procedure with the current legislation is a prerequisite for the functioning of a democratic political system. The occurrence of emergencies, such as military operations, pandemics, and the like, is a serious problem and challenge for the country’s leadership. The resulting social tension and instability, changes in the current electoral order and electoral procedures, pose a threat to the ruling regime and provide additional opportunities for the opposition. The article shows the activities of the leadership of Russia and the Irkutsk region in the context of a Covid pandemic during the regional elections of 2020. The legislation was changed and special measures were organized to ensure compliance with all epidemiological norms and to prevent a significant increase in the number of cases. A special feature of the elections in the Irkutsk region was the holding of early, really competitive elections for the governor, in which a Kremlin protege and a local representative of the Communist Party fought. In a really difficult situation, the elections were held calmly and without any special violations of the law and moral norms. Despite the fundamental nature of the struggle for the governor’s seat, the voter turnout was low and fundamentally lower than the plebiscite held in July of the same year to amend the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Dynamics of social and Political Attitudes and Analysis of the Results of the Regional Elections of 2015–2019 in the Irkutsk Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
N. M. Pechenkin
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Political Attitudes ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Political Attitude ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Election Results ◽  
Regional Elections ◽  
The City ◽  
Legislative Assembly

The article presents the data of the study of the dynamics of social and political attitudes and the analysis of the results of the regional elections of 2015–2019 in the Irkutsk region. In 2019, a sociological study was conducted in this region, which allowed determining the reasons for the formation of protest social and political sentiments. For the analysis, the author used the results of elections of the Governor of Irkutsk region in 2015 and results of elections of deputies of Legislative Assembly of Irkutsk region in 2018. Further, the author compared also votes to the Duma of the city of Irkutsk in 2019. The study identified features of the formation of the protest political attitude of residents of Irkutsk oblast and the trends of their impact on the election results at the regional level (protest voting). Finally, the author explained the reasons of the defeat of the last Governor Sergei Eroschenko and the victory of S. Levchenko, causes of deterioration of the results of the party “United Russia” and the victory of the Communist Party in the elections to the Legislative Assembly of the Irkutsk region in 2018.

The problem of the availability of intra-pharmaceutical drugs (on the example of the Irkutsk region)

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
T.L. Moroz ◽  
◽  
O.A. Ryzhova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
To Receive

Introduction. Due to the high demand for custom-made medicines, the aim of this study was to analyze the physical availability of custom-made medicines for the population of the Irkutsk region. Materials and methods. A comparative analysis of the number of production pharmacies in the Irkutsk region in 2000 and 2019 was carried out. The analysis of the problems of opening production pharmacies is carried out. Results. The analysis found that in 2000 in the Irkutsk region there were 166 production pharmacies, and in 2019 only 19 remained, i.e. there was a decrease in the number of municipal production pharmacies by 9 times. According to the regional Ministry of Health, 195.5 thousand people (8.2% of the region’s population) are not able to receive pharmaceutical products manufactured at the pharmacy due to the closure of municipal pharmacies in 8 districts. Conclusion. To resolve the most difficult situation, it is necessary at the state level: to determine the need for drugs for extreme production by assortment and analyze the range of analog industrial production available on the global pharmaceutical market, organize their registration in the Russian Federation and subsequent purchases; to consider the possibility of opening in large cities production according to GMP standards and the production of necessary medicines with a longer shelf life for the needs of organizations and the public and their delivery to consumers.

The Mensheviks and NEP Society in Russia

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 347-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Brovkin
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Political System ◽  
Political Process ◽  
The Political ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Election Campaign ◽  
Soviet Regime ◽  
New Period ◽  
History Of

AbstractContemporary scholarship on the development of the Soviet political system in the 1920s has largely bypassed the history of the Menshevik opposition. Those historians who regard NEP as a mere transition to Stalinism have dismissed the Menshevik experience as irrelevant,1 and those who see a democratic potential in the NEP system have focused on the free debates in the Communist party (CP), the free peasantry, the market economy, and the free arts.2 This article aims to revise some aspects of both interpretations. The story of the Mensheviks was not over by 1921. On the contrary, NEP opened a new period in the struggles over independent trade unions and elections to the Soviets; over the plight of workers and the whims of the Red Directors; over the Cheka terror and the Menshevik strategies of coping with Bolshevism. The Menshevik experience sheds new light on the transformation of the political process and the institutional changes in the Soviet regime in the course of NEP. In considering the major facets of the Menshevik opposition under NEP, I shall focus on the election campaign to the Soviets during the transition to NEP, subsequent Bolshevik-Menshevik relations, and the writings in the Menshevik underground samizdat press.

Gorbachev, ideology, and the fate of Soviet communism

2000 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-474
Author(s):  
R. Judson Mitchell ◽  
Randall S. Arrington
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Party Leader ◽  
Mikhail Gorbachev ◽  
Party Leaders ◽  
Democratic Centralism ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Party Elites ◽  
Basic Source ◽  
The Russian Federation

The collapse of the Soviet Union has spurred much scholarly debate about the reasons for the rapid disintegration of this apparently entrenched system. In this article, it is argued that the basic source of ultimate weakness was the obverse of the system’s strengths, especially its form of organization and its relation to Marxist–Leninist ideology. Democratic centralism provided cohesion for the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) but also gave inordinate control over ideology to the party leader. Mikhail Gorbachev carried out an ideological revision that undercut the legitimacy of party elites and his restructuring of the system left the party with no clear functional role in the society. The successor party, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF), has made a surprising comeback for communism, utilizing the Leninist model of party organization, which has proved to be highly effective in the Russian political culture. Furthermore, the CPRF, under party leaders like Gennadi Zyuganov, has avoided Gorbachev’s ideological deviations while attempting to broaden the party’s base through the cultivation of Russian nationalism.

scholarly journals Actual problems of assessing the quality of disinfection measures for parasitosis in the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-278
Author(s):  
М.М. M. Асланова ◽  
Т.В. V. Гололобова ◽  
К.Ю. Yu. Кузнецова ◽  
А.В. V. Загайнова ◽  
Тамари Резоевна Мания ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Neglected Diseases ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Parasitic Pathogens

Introduction. The main and the most significant issues of the management of disinfection measures taking into account modern trends and factors affecting the quality of these measures in relation to parasitic infections in the territory of the Russian Federation are considered. The professional community of physicians, epidemiologists, hygienists, disinfectants was almost powerless in the fight against slow or latent infections of a parasitic nature, which are still ca lled “neglected diseases” (“unnoticed diseases”), partly because they occur without pronounced symptoms, and there are a number of unresolved problems in the prevention and diagnosis. Despite the fact that modern medicine in the field of prevention and diagnosis of some infectious diseases has achieved good results, the problems with the disinfection of parasitic pathogens remain relevant. Environmental degradation, various natural disasters, urbanization, increased anthropogenic pressure, as well as climate change do not contribute to improving the difficult situation with regard to the spread, reproduction and formation of new stable foci of parasites. The measures for the improving the system of non-specific prevention of parasitic diseases are determined. Material and methods. In the course of the work, there were analyzed statistical reports of the Federal Reserve and the literature data. Results. The analysis of statistical data showed that during 2014-2018, the incidence of parasites in the Russian population remained at a high level and did not have a pronounced tendency to decrease, and the proposed anti-parasitic disinfectants cannot meet modern anti-epidemiological and hygienic requirements. Conclusion. A number of recommendations and initiatives on disinfection measures for the prevention and spread of parasitic infections in the territory of the Russian Federation were proposed to solve the tasks. There are determined main ways of improving the system of nonspecific prevention of parasitic diseases.

scholarly journals ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF DISINFECTION MEASURES FOR PARASITOSIS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Aslanova ◽  
T. V. Gololobova ◽  
K. Yu. Kuznetsova ◽  
A. V. Zagaynova ◽  
Tamari R. Maniya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Neglected Diseases ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Parasitic Pathogens

Introduction. The main and the most significant issues of the management of disinfection measures taking into account modern trends and factors affecting the quality of these measures in relation to parasitic infections in the territory of the Russian Federation are considered. The professional community of physicians, epidemiologists, hygienists, disinfectants was almost powerless in the fight against slow or latent infections of a parasitic nature, which are still ca lled “neglected diseases” (“unnoticed diseases”), partly because they occur without pronounced symptoms, and there are a number of unresolved problems in the prevention and diagnosis. Despite the fact that modern medicine in the field of prevention and diagnosis of some infectious diseases has achieved good results, the problems with the disinfection of parasitic pathogens remain relevant. Environmental degradation, various natural disasters, urbanization, increased anthropogenic pressure, as well as climate change do not contribute to improving the difficult situation with regard to the spread, reproduction and formation of new stable foci of parasites. The measures for the improving the system of non-specific prevention of parasitic diseases are determined. Material and methods. In the course of the work, there were analyzed statistical reports of the Federal Reserve and the literature data. Results. The analysis of statistical data showed that during 2014-2018, the incidence of parasites in the Russian population remained at a high level and did not have a pronounced tendency to decrease, and the proposed anti-parasitic disinfectants cannot meet modern anti-epidemiological and hygienic requirements. Conclusion. A number of recommendations and initiatives on disinfection measures for the prevention and spread of parasitic infections in the territory of the Russian Federation were proposed to solve the tasks. There are determined main ways of improving the system of nonspecific prevention of parasitic diseases.

scholarly journals State Sovereignty of the Russian Federation in View of Amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation Adopted in 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
Aleksey L. Bredikhin ◽  
◽  
Evgeniy D. Protsenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Political System ◽  
The State ◽  
State Sovereignty ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation

In this article, the authors analyze the amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, adopted in 2020, with a view to their influence on the state of Russian sovereignty and note that the topic of sovereignty is central to these amendments. Researchers conclude that the amendments constitute, first and foremost, the strengthening of the sovereignty of the Russian Federation, the autonomy of state jurisdiction, and the increasing status and role of Russia in the world political system.

scholarly journals Correlation analysis of voting results in the Russian federal and regional elections of 2011–2018

2021 ◽  
pp. 205-225
Author(s):  
Arkady Lyubarev
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Social Closeness ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
High Level ◽  
Regional Elections

Correlation coefficients between the results of political parties in the 2016 State Duma elections in the Russian Federation as a whole and in 26 regions, as well as in the elections of regional parliaments of 35 subjects of the Russian Federation in 2012–2015 were calculated. For the 2016 State Duma elections, data was used at all levels – regions, single-member electoral districts, TEC and PEC. It is noted that the “United Russia” correlations with all major parties are generally negative. A fairly high level of correlation is observed between the liberal parties. The main focus is on correlations between parliamentary opposition parties and parties with similar names. The correlation coefficients between the results of parties and candidates in the State Duma elections of 2011 and 2016 and the Presidential elections of 2012 and 2018 were also calculated, showing the stability of the geographical distribution of the electorate of the main parties. Regional differences in the nature of correlations between the main political parties are noted. It is assumed that correlations between parties reflect not so much their ideological closeness as the social closeness of their electorate. In this regard, it is noted that a positive correlation between the results of ideologically distant parties (“Yabloko” and the Communist party or “Yabloko” and “Rodina”) is associated with their reliance on the urban electorate and, perhaps, its most educated part. The reasons for voting for spoiler parties and the role of these parties in reducing the results of the main participants in the elections are discussed.

scholarly journals Incidence of Socially Significant Diseases in the Context of Studying the Demographic Security of the Country

Vestnik NSUEM ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 208-219
Author(s):  
N. I. Ovechkina ◽  
E. S. Shmarikhina
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Alcohol Dependence Syndrome ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Statistical Indicators

The article reflects the problems of solving theoretical and methodological issues of the statistical research of demographic security. In order to justify the system of statistical indicators of the demographic security, considered regional differences in the incidence of socially significant diseases:tuberculosis, HIV infections, malignant neoplasms, mental disorders, psychotic disorders associated with alcohol use and alcohol dependence syndrome, syphilis. Groups of subjects of the Russian Federation with the maximum and minimum values of indicators are allocated and shown on the map. The most socially prosperous regions in Russia are the Republic of Dagestan, the Chechen Republic, the Republic of Kalmykia, the Republic of Ingushetia and the Belgorod region, the Irkutsk region and the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug were the absolute Champions in terms of social disadvantage in 2018.

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