Stosunek biskupa Ignacego Krasickiego do reform polityczno-prawnych w Polsce doby stanisławowskiej

Bishop Ignacy Krasicki’s attitude to the political-legal reforms in Poland of the King Stanisław era Bishop Ignacy Krasicki was one of the best known figures in Poland of the King Stanisław era. He was known primarily as a poet, writer, author of fables. As the Bishop of Warmia, he occupied a very high position in Poland’s political hierarchy at the time — he was a member of the country’s Senate. Yet, he failed to meet the expectations of the people associated with him, primarily King Stanisław August Poniatowski, whose closest associates included Krasicki in the first period of his political career. His involvement after 1772, the most important time in the analysed period with regard to political-legal reforms in Poland, was made difficult by the fact that the Bishopric of Warmia, which he was the head of, found itself outside Poland’s borders, an event not without an impact on Krasicki’s political attitude. Krasicki not being much involved in the turbulent political life in Poland at the time does not mean that Poland’s affairs were not close to his heart. He was first and foremost a poet, not a politician, and that is why he referred to these affairs metaphorically in his literary works. Die Stellung von Bischof Ignacy Krasicki zu den rechtlichen und politischen Reformen in Polen der Poniatowskizeit Der Bischof Ignacy Krasicki war eine der bekanntesten Personen in Polen der Poniatowskizeit, bekannt vor allem als Dichter, Literat und Märchenschreiber. Als Bischof von Ermland und Mitglied des Senats hatte er auch eine sehr hohe Position in der damaligen politischen Hierarchie in Polen. Entgegen den Erwartungen der ihm nahe stehenden Personen, vor allem des Königs Stanislaus II. August Poniatowski, zu dessen engsten Mitarbeitern er in der ersten Phase seiner eigenen politischen Kariere gehörte, erfüllte er die an ihn gesetzten Hoffnungen nicht. Sein Engagement nach 1772, also dem wichtigsten Jahr in der besprochenen Zeit hinsichtlich der rechtlichen und politischen Reformen in Polen, war erschwert. Das Bistum Ermland, das er verwaltete, kam nämlich außerhalb der Grenzen von Polen, was nicht ohne Einfluss auf seine politische Haltung blieb. Das gemäßigte Engagement Krasickis in das rege politische Leben in Polen soll nicht so gedeutet werden, dass dieses Thema ihn nicht berührte. Er war vor allem ein Dichter und kein Politiker, so äußerte er sich zu den polnischen Angelegenheiten per Metaphern in seinen literarischen Werken.

The next tasks of a doctor in the countryside

The main question is which side the doctor should be on, should he enter into an alliance with the poor and middle peasants of the countryside, with Soviet and public organizations in order to strike a blow at the kulak and his henchmen, or should he choose a different path? The resolution of this issue depends on the ideology of the doctor, his political attitude; both are determined by many factors, of which there are some of the main ones that determine its political and public face. This will be the social origin of the doctor and his attitude to the soviet power, to the conquests of the October Revolution. Only a complete assimilation of the tasks put forward by the October Revolution and the measures carried out by the party, trade unions and the soviet government will enable every doctor to be in the vanguard, at the forefront of the workers 'and peasants' front of the builders of socialism in the countryside. To do this, it is necessary to clearly understand the party's policy in the countryside.

LITERATURE IN EXILE: NAMIK KEMAL AS A PERMANENT EXILE AND STRUGGLE FOR SELF-EXPRESSION

Namık Kemal is one of the symbolic figures in the Westernization process of Turkish literary history and in addition to his productive identity in the field of literature, he is a versatile artist who has an important place in our social and political history with his political attitude and his attitude of rebellion against injustice. He is an exceptional person who has devoted his whole life to the solution of fundamental values and issues such as homeland, nation, freedom, and constitutionalism and risked all kinds of oppression and exile for this cause. Namık Kemal is undoubtedly the first name that comes to mind when exile is mentioned in Turkish literature. The artist, who lived a significant part of his forty-seven-year life in exile, escaped from compulsory civil service in his youth and at that time his exile started in Paris and London, and then continued as compulsory exile and civil service in places such as Gelibolu, Magosa, Midilli, Rodos, Sakız. Although Namık Kemal was an artist and believer who spent most of his life in exile, he succeeded in turning the exile into an opportunity rather than turning it into a tragic one, struggled for existence, overcame the conditions he was in and made significant contributions to Turkish literature with the works he wrote in exile. This study focuses on the artist's exile life and his literary production in the mentioned exile stops.

A Critical Analysis of the Intentional Deviation in News Editing

News Editing is the clearest coding, which reflects the writer's behavior of the editor who linguistically, socially, or culturally edits and deviates some of the source language aspects. It, furthermore, refers to the writer’s competence of using an influential linguistic style and preserving the SL norms and policies. At the same time, editing news presents a new horizon within a different political framework into TL. The problem of news editing of the same TV in Arabic and English editions lies in discrepancies in meanings; intentional deviation and politics. For instance, BBC, which broadcasts in Arabic, has a different editing from its English edition. This study ascribes such differences to the different socio-cultural and political strategies adopted by the writer. The primary objectives of the study are: Finding out the political reasons behind the discrepancy and the intentional deviation in news editing. Identifying the political attitude of the original editor and the political attitude of the editor. The data set in this study consisted of “TWO” edited news editing (1 from English into Arabic) and (1 from Arabic into English). These two news writings have been broadcasted on BBC English & Arabic editions. A critical-stylistic analysis has been conducted by applying House’s (2001) model of TQA.

tugas ke 2 hukum tatanegara (parpol dan pemilu)

(budaya politik untuk pembangunan politik Indonesia)Ilmuan politik terkemuka, Almond dan Verba, menjelaskan kebudayaan politik mengacu pada sikap orientasi politik terhadap sistem politik dan bagian-bagian lain, serta sikap terhadap peranan kita sendiri dalam sistem tersebut1 . ilmuan lainnya juga menegaskan bahwa budaya politik adalah serngkaian sikap, kepercayaan, dan keyakinan anggota masyarakat yang mempunyai pengaruh dalam pengaturan sistem dan proses politik, serta suatu perasaan, sikap, dan pandangan yang emndasari pemahaman masyarakat terhadap perilaku-perilaku politik dalam sistem politik2.Dari pengertian tersebut, sudah sangat jelas bahwa budaya politik mengandung dua aspek: 1) pola orientasi politik warga negara berupa sikap, kepercayaan, serta keyakinan politik, dan 2) pengaruhnya terhadap pengaturan sistem dan proses politik. Karena itu, budaya politik sangat berhubungan dengan dengan stabilitas politik. Bilamana orientasi politik individua tau masyarakat tidak sesuai dengan sistem politik, maka akan muncul instabilitas plitik, begitupun sebaliknya. Dengan mengacu pada pola orientasi politik yang di milikinya, maka setiap warga negara dapat mengidentifikasikan dirinya dengan symbol-simbol dan Lembaga-lembaga politik yang ada. Sehimgga jika suatu struktur diterima oleh masyarakat berarti budaya politik telah berfungsi dengan baik. Namun, menciptakan keserasian antara dua komponen tersebut adalah yang menjadi masalah utama bagi negara-negara berkembang, seperti Indonesia.Selain orientasi terhadap sistem politik, terdapat pula aspek lain dari budaya politik yang dikemukakan oleh Almond dan Powell, yaitu rasa percaya (trust) dan permusuhan (hostility). Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari rasa percaya dan permusuhan inilah yang kemudian menetukan adanya kerja sama atau konflik, dan sekaligus menjadi ciri budaya politik masyarakat.1Gabriel A. Almond dan Sidney Verbs, The Civic Culture Political Attitude and Democracy in Five Nations. (rainbow-bridge, 1962) hlm. 142Lihat, Lucian W Pye dalam Harjanto Nicolas Teguh Abadi, memajukan demokrasi mencegah disintegrasi: sebuah wacan pembangunan politik, (Yogyakarta: Tiara wacana, 1998) hlm.102

Gender-Equality Concerns and Political Attitudes toward Women in the 2019 Legislative Election: Evidence from Pelalawan

The presence of women in Indonesian politics remains underrepresented whereas cultural and societal aspects pose critical influence in determining voter behavior toward female candidates. The aim of this article is to examine voter behavior regarding female candidates and the probability for them to be elected as members of parliament. We apply quantitative method by developing three models representing three combinations of predictor variables, (i) socio-demography, (ii) gender- equality concern, and (iii) political attitude towards female candidates as determinants towards female candidate electability. The study took place in Pelalawan Regency in Riau Province, by analyzing 400 respondents with equal numbers of men and women from various socio-economic backgrounds through clustered random sampling method. We tested these hypotheses and our three models by utilizing logistic regression analysis. The result shows that political attitude toward female candidates (Model 3) are the strongest coefficient and most significant determinant for female candidate electability. The study also revealed that female candidate’s electability in Pelalawan Regency is lower than male candidate’s electability among male respondents. On the other hand, female candidate’s electability is higher than male candidate’s electability among female respondents. Moreover, we also found that education determines female candidate’s electability where the more educated an individual is, the more he/she tends to vote for female candidates.

Influencing factors of young university teachers’ political attitudes and value orientation based on ISM-fuzzy

The political attitude and value orientation of young teachers in colleges and universities play an important role in running a socialist university with China’s characteristics, cultivating young people’s correct values and builders of socialism with China’s characteristics. To explore the influencing factors of young university teachers’ political attitudes and value orientation, by constructing the interpretive structure model (ISM) and fuzzy theory, seven major influencing factors were analyzed that affect the political attitude and value orientation of young teachers in colleges and universities, and a hierarchical structure between influencing factors was explained. As a basic basis, this study puts forward the countermeasures to improve the political quality of young teachers in colleges and universities, strengthen the propaganda and ideological work in universities, and promote the overall education reform.

THE OTHER MULTIDIMENSIONALITY AS A CULTURAL PHENOMENON IN AN ARTISTIC CONTEXT

The effects of globalization continue to manifest themselves under present conditions. By this nature, especially the formation of the Other within the artistic context of the globalized world calls for the careful consideration of questions and judgments directed towards globalization. In this regard, the aim of this study is defined as exhibiting the ongoing political approaches towards the global systems of art and thereby discussing the geographical and identity-oriented tendencies of this predominant political attitude that is seen as internationalization. The extent of the matter on the Other in this study has been restricted to displaying the relationship between globalization and the systems of art and how the increasingly prevalent practices are shaped. As a result of all these studies, it is found that the notion of the Other is a reflection of a hierarchical relationship and this reflection, along with the geographical and cultural implications of this matter, justifies the argument.

VIDOVDANSKI USTAV U UDžBENICIMA USTAVNOG PRAVA – VEK KASNIJE

The article analyses the attitude of writers of the constitutional law textbooks from the former Yugoslavia towards the Vidovdan Constitution. The author focuses on the textbooks used at the time of writing in teaching and for exam preparation of Constitutional Law at state-owned law faculties as of academic year 2020/21. However, the analysis also includes several textbooks that represent a kind of historical readings. By comparing the relevant materials, the author made an attempt to shed light on scientific, legal and even political attitude of various authors towards the Vidovdan Constitution, and indirectly towards the Yugoslav state itself. The significance of this analysis is reflected in the fact that young generations - future lawyers and members of the social elites of the states created on Yugoslav foundations, get acquainted with their constitutional history through textbooks of constitutional law.